Solving Quadratic Equation by

Completing the Square

VDJ
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, I can…
➢ identify the quadratic equation when does
completing the square is used;
➢ solve quadratic equations by:
(a) extracting square roots;
(b) factoring;
(c) completing the square; and
(d) using the quadratic formula.
Review/Recall:
Quadratic Equation:
ax2 + bx + c = 0
a, b, and c are real numbers.
a ≠0
Examples:
1x + 6
2 6x + 4 = 0
1x – 5
2 5x – 14 = 0
3x – 5
3 2 5x + 2 = 0
Review/Recall:
Find the third term of the given expression to make each
a perfect square trinomial. If a = 1, divide the value of
b by 2 and squared it.
1. x2 + 6x + ___9 ( )
b = 6 2 = 32 = 9
2
49
2. z2 + 14z + ___ If a ≠ 1, then divide b with
a, then divide the quotient
1 by 2 and then squared.
3. y + ½y + ___
2 16 a=3, then b= 5 = 5 ,then
25 3 3
4. 3x2 + 5x + ___
36 5 5 1 5 2 25
3 = 3
x
2
=() 6
=
36
5. 5t2 – 20t + ___
4 2
Completing the Square
 It is the process of transforming the expression into a perfect
square trinomial.
When to use it?
 Some quadratic equations are factorable.
 Ex. 4x2 – 8x – 9 = 0, d = 367; since the discriminant (d) is not
a perfect square, it means that the roots are irrational.
 QE can also be solved by completing the square, if:
▪ both of the first methods (extracting the square root and
factoring) are not applicable, and
▪ the quadratic equation is not factorable.
Example No. 1: x2 + 6x – 4 = 0 Note:

 Steps: Since the numerical coefficient

of x2 is 1 no need to divide.
1. Express the equation
with the constant on the x2 + 6x – 4 + 4 = 0 + 4
right side.
2. Divide both side of the
equation with the
x2 + 6x = 4 6 = 3 then squared it
numerical coefficient (a) 2
of x2. 32 = 9
Divide the numerical
3.
coefficient (b) of x by 2, x2 + 6x + 9 = 4 + 9
then square it, add the
result to both sides.
4. Extract the root of both
sides of the equations.
(x + 3)2 = 13 x + 3 = + 13
5. Solve the resulting
equation. x = - 3 + 13 x = - 3 - 13
 Note:
Example No. 2: x2 – 5x – 14 = 0 Since the numerical coefficient
of x2 is 1 no need to divide.
 Steps:
1. Express the equation
with the constant on the
right side. x2 – 5x – 14 +14= 0 +14
Divide both side of the
5x = 14 -5
2.
equation with the
numerical coefficient (a)
x2 – then squared it
2

3.
of x2.
Divide the numerical
coefficient (b) of x by 2,
2 -5 = 25
2 4
( )
then square it, add the
result to both sides.
x - 5x + 25 = 14+ 25
2
4. Extract the root of both 4 4
sides of the equations. (x - 5)2 = 81 x + 5= + 9
5. Solve the resulting
equation. 2 4 2 2
x – 5 + 5= 9 + 5 = 7 x – 5 + 5 = -9 + 5 = -2 x=7&x=-2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 Note:
Example No. 3: 2x2 - 4x +10 = 0 Since the numerical coefficient
of x2 is 2, divide all terms by
numerical coefficient of x2.
 Steps:
1. Express the equation
with the constant on the
2x2 - 4x +10 -10 = 0 -10
right side.
Divide both side of the
2x -
2 4x = -10
2.
equation with the 2 2 2 -2 = -1
then squared it
numerical coefficient (a)
of x2. x2 - 2x = -5 2
3. Divide the numerical (-1)2 = 1
coefficient (b) of x by 2,
then square it, add the x2 -2x +1 = -5 + 1
result to both sides.
4. Extract the root of both
sides of the equations.
(x - 1)2 = -4 x - 1 = + -4
5. Solve the resulting
equation. x = 1 + 2i x = 1 – 2i
Next topic please…