IST TERM EXAMINATION FOR 2023/2024 ACADEMIC SESSION SUBJECT:

GEOGRAPHY CLASS: SS1

OBJECTIVES:Answer all questions
1. Which of the following is an evidence to show that the earth is spherical in shape A. Elliptical
orbit B. Earth’s curved horizon C. Revolution of the earth D. Seasonal changes
2. The outer layer of the solid earth is called A. Core B. Atmosphere C. Crust D. Hydrosphere
3. The solar system comprises A. The sun, the earth and Pluto B. The sun, the earth and the
moon C. The sun, and its nine planets D. The sun and the earth
4. If the time in town X on longitude 150E is 1:00pm on Saturday, what will be the time in town
Y on longitude 750W? What will be the time in town on longitude 750W? A. 11:00am on
Saturday B. 9:00pm on Saturday C. 6:00pm on Saturday D. 7:00am on Saturday
5. The mineral contents of the upper part of the earth’s crust are collectively called the Sial
because it is composed mainly of A. Silica and olivine B. Alumina and olivine C. Silica and
alumina D. Alumina and phosphate
6. The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the A. Stratosphere B. Troposphere C. Thermosphere
D. Exosphere
7. It is noon at point X (longitude 00), while it is 10:oopm at point Y. What is the longitude of
point Y? A. 1500E B. 1400W C. 1300E D. 1200W
8. The part of the lithosphere which forms the ocean floor is A. Sial B. Sima C. Nikel D. Nife
9. Which of the following lines could be described as a Great circle? The A. Tropic of cancer B.
Tropic of Capricorn C. Equator D. Arctic circle
10. The rotation of the earth causes ___________ (a)365 days (b)seasons (c)day and night
(d)none of the above
11. IDL means (a)Internal date line (b)International date line (c) International data line (d)all of
the above
12. The innermost section of the Earth is the A. Core B. Mantle C. Crust D. Sial
13. __________ mountains are formed from the remains of already existing mountains? (a)block
mountains (b)volcanic mountains (c)residual mountains (d)fold mountains
14. When the moon comes in between the earth and the sun A. Eclipse of the moon occurs B.
The length of the day varies C. A solar eclipse occurs D. The length of day increases
15. How long does it take the Mercury to make a complete revolution A. 88 das B. 225 days C.
365 days D. 687 days
16. Which of the following is not a type of mountain? (a)block mountain (b)sand mountain
(c)fold mountains (d)residual mountains
17. Which of the following is not a characteristic of lines of longitude? The A. Run from East to
West B. Converge at the poles C. Run from North to South D. Are used in calculating local
time
18. If the time at the Greenwich Meridian is 11:00am, what would be the local time at a place
750W? A. 6:00pm B. 6:00am C. 5:oopm D. 5:00am
19. Which of the following is not an economic importance of rock to man? (a)they serve as
tourist centers (b)they serve as source of minerals (c)they are used for construction
purposes (d)they occupy space
20. The movement of the Earth round the sun is termed the Earth’s A. Evolution B. Revolution C.
Rotation D. Orbit

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21. Rocks of the core of the Earth are rich in A. Iron and nickel B. Silicon and magnesia C. Iron
and magnesia D. Silica and nickel
22. The farthest planet from the sun in the solar system is the A. Mercury B. Earth C. Saturn D.
Pluto
23. Rocks formed from preexisting rocks are called ________ (a) sedimentary rock (b)
metamorphic rocks (c)igneous rock (d)plutonic rock
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24. Latitude 66 marks the A. Antarctic circle B. Arctic circle C. Tropic of Cancer D. Tropic of
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Capricorn
25. What is the distance along a great circle between latitudes 270S and 23.50N of the equator?
A. 5705.5km B. 5610.5km C. 5500.5km D. 5405.5km
26. What is the approximate distance of town X from the equator, if it is located on latitude
140N? A. 1555km B. 1232km C. 441km D. 42km
27. Volcanic rock is a type of (a)igneous rock (b)metamorphic rocks (c)sedimentary rock (d)none
of the above
28. The type of rock that solidifies before it gets to the surface of the earth is called?
(a)sedimentary rock (b)plutonic rocks (c)igneous rock (d)metamorphic rock
29. The part of the earth’s crust that is covered by oceans and seas is called A. Biosphere B.
Hydrosphere C. Ionosphere D. Stratosphere
30. GMT means __________ (a)Greenwich meridian time (b)Greenwich mean time (c)geography
map town (d)none of the above
31. Which of the following planets has a single satellite? A. Jupiter B. Saturn C. Uranus D. Earth
32. If a person crosses the international date line from east to west, what will happen? (a)an
hour is gained (b)a day is gained (c)a day is lost (d)an hour is gained
33. The earth rotates on its axis from A. East to West B. West to East C. North to East D. South
and North
34. The longitude of London is 00 while that of Sydney in Australia is about 1500E. The time at
Sydney would therefore be A. 20 hours ahead of that of London B. 10 hours ahead of that of
London C. 16 hours behind that of London D. 10 hours behind that of London
35. The outer layer of the earth is called A. Barysphere B. Crust C. Mantle D. Hemisphere
36. Which of the following is not a line of latitude (a)equator (b)arctic circle (c)tropic of
Capricorn (d)Greenwich meridian
37. The planet with the shortest orbit round the sun is A. Mars B. Mercury C. Venus D. Uranus
38. The time generally adopted by a country is called ___________ (a)world time zone
(b)Greenwich mean time (c)local time (d)standard time
39. A Great circle can be described as A. A line of longitude B. The equator C. A circle on the
globe whose plane passes through the poles D. A circle
40. Other names for eclipse of the sun and moon are (a)solar and satellite (b)solar and lunar
(c)lunar and solar (d) satellite and solar

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Theory (Section B)
Answer four questions only
1. (a). With the aid of a diagram identify lines of latitude
(b) Highlight the similarities and difference between latitude and longitudes
2. (a) Write at least 2 characteristics of (i)Mars (ii)Neptune (iii)Uranus
(b) Distinguish between the earth’s rotation and revolution
3. What is the shape of the earth?
(b) With the aid of appropriate diagrams, give four proofs to support your answers our
answer in 3(a) above
4. If the time in New Zealand (150 E) is 4pm, what will be the time in Nigeria (15 E)?
5. (a) Give the names of the different types of rocks
(b) State four uses of rocks to man.
(c) Give three characteristics and two examples of igneous rocks.
6. (a) Name three types of
mountains.
(b) Describe the formation of one of the mountains mentioned in (a) above with the aid of a
diagram.

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 IST TERM EXAMINATION FOR 2023/2024 ACADEMIC SESSION SUBJECT:
GEOGRAPHY CLASS: SS2
OBJECTIVES:Answer all questions
1. Eclipse of the moon occurs when the (a) earth comes between the moon and the sun (b) sun
comes between the earth and the moon (c) moon comes between the sun and the earth (d)
earth and the moon move on parallel lines
2. The outer layer of the earth is called (a) barysphere (b) crust (c) mantle (d) hemisphere
3. In desert region, the most prominent agent of erosion is (a) thunderstorm (b) rainfall (c)
river (d) wind
4. The lower course of a river is usually associated with the formation of (a) rapids and
waterfalls (b) meanders and interlocking spurs (c) v-shaped valleys (d) ox-bow lakes
5. The middle course of a river normally shows (a) waterfall (b) levee (c) meander (d) ox-bo w
valley
6. During wave actions, the rush of water onshore is called (a) longshore drift (b) swash (c)
underlow (d) back wash
7. The layer of earth found immediately under the crust is called (a) biosphere (b) ionosphere
(c) lithosphere (d) mantle
8. When it is 9:00am in Munich, Western Germany (Longitude 11 0E), the time in Calcutta, India
(longitude 960E) is (a) 2:40am (b) 4:20am (c) 5:40am (d) 2:40pm
9. What is the longitude of a place X whose time is noon when Greenwich meantime is 6pm?
(a) 450W (b) 600E (c) 600N (d) 900W
10. The presence of gorges in upper section of a river is due to the fact that (a) the rocks in the
upper course less resistant (b) the volume of the river is small (c) hanging valleys join the
main valley as water falls to cause gorge (d) the upper course has a steep gradient
11. Rock pedestal are most likely to be found in (a) regions where river erosion has taken place
(b) arid areas where wind abrasion has modified rocks of different resistance (c) hydraulic
action has taken place (d) arid area where wind deflation has scooped out the earth surface
12. Metamorphic rocks are (a) rocks transformed under great heat and pressure (b) formed by
cooling and solidification of molten magna (c) mechanically formed rocks (d) stratified rocks
13. A plateau closed by fold mountains is called (a) an interment plateau (b) a volcanic plateau
(c) a basaltic plateau (d) a continental plateau
14. A rock pedestal is a feature of (a) water erosion (b) coastal erosion (c) marine erosion (d)
wind erosion
15. Plunge pool is a feature of (a) river meanders (b) interlocking spur (c) water falls (d) water
rapids
16. The point at which piracy occurs in a river is referred to as the (a) misfit (b) watershed (c)
elbow of capture (d) knick-point
17. They are formed in layers and derived from old rocks and the remains of dead organic
materials. This description refers to (a) metamorphic rocks (b) igneous rock (c) intrusive rock
(d) sedimentary rock
18. The satellite of the earth is (a) the sun (b) Jupiter (c) moon (d) mars
19. Igneous rocks contain (a) humus (b) fossils (c) strata (d) crystal
20. The instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure is (a) wind vane (b) anemometer
(c) barometer (d) wet bulb thermometer

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21. The principal agents in soil erosion are (a) wind and waves (b) water and wind (c) air and
water(d) Water and dust
22. Convectional rains most common in (a) equatorial regions and tropical monsoon climates
(b) polar regions and Mediterranean climate (c) temperature regions (d) temperate and
Mediterranean climate
23. Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the sun? (a) Mercury (b) Saturn
(c) Mars(d) Venus
24. The predominant action at the upper course of a river is (a) Saltation (b) Transportation (c)
Corrasion (d) Corrosion
25. Which of the following is not a type of mountains? (a) conical mountain (b) block mountain
(c) fold mountain (d) mountain of accumulation
26. The difference between rate of heating and cooling over land and sea commonly results in
the formation of (a) land and sea breezes (b) land breeze (c) sea breeze (d) extreme of tides
27. The peeling off of successive thin layers of boulders as a result of alternative heating and
cooling of the rock surface is called (a) attrition (b) exfoliation (c) frost action (d) abrasion
28. The features commonly found along the lower course of a river are (a) Wind gaps (b) Rapids
(c) Water falls(d) Meanders
29. An example of a crystalline rock is (a) Peat (b) Limestone (c) Granite(d) Sandstone
30. Which of the following is not an element of climate? (a) Rainfall (b) Humidity (c)
Temperature(d) Fog
31. Which of the following is not an element of Weather? (a) Condensation (b) Cloud cover (c)
Rainfall(d) Sunshine
32. The earth’s movement from west to east on its own axis is known (a) Rotation (b) Revolution
(c) Friction(d) Gravitation
33. As a volley ball match was being played in town y, the referee observed that the local time
was noon while the Greenwich Mean Time was 22.00 hours on the same day. What is the
longitude of town y? (a) 200E (b) 200W (c) 1450E(d) 1500W
34. The ability of a river to transport its loads depends on all the following except the (a) size of
the load (b) velocity of flow (c) temperature of the water (d) volume of water
35. The trees are evergreen, forming a canopy with buttress root, climbers and creepers which
of the following vegetation types does this statement refers to? (a) savanna (b) rainforest (c)
swamp forest (d) Sahel savanna
36. They are crescentic or moon-shaped and occur individually or in groups. The above
description refers to (a) Yardang (b) Barchans (c) Seifs(d) Rock pedestals
37. The most common mode of transportation in Nigeria is (a) air (b) rail (c) ocean (d) road
38. One major problem that affects cocoa production in Nigeria is the (a) inadequate market for
cocoa (b) excess demand for cocoa in the worlds market (c) low rate of local consumption of
cocoa (d) fluctuations in the price of cocoa at the world market
39. What is the approximate distance of town X from the equator, if it is located on latitude
140N? (a) 1555KM (b) 1232KM(c) 441KM(d) 42KM
40. Which of the following is not a proof that the earth is spherical? (a) The circular horizon (b)
Sunrise and sunset (c) Varying lengths of day and night (d) Driving poles on a level ground.

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SECTION B (THEORY)
Answer any four questions from this section

1. a) Distinguish between deflation and abrasion

b) Using specific examples, describe one land form produced by each of the processes in (a)
above.
c) Give any two reasons why wind erosion is more active in arid than in humid regions.
2. a) Explain any four ways in which rotation of the earth differs from the revolution of the
earth.
b) If the time at town A (long. 750W) is 5.00pm on Friday, what will be the time and day at
town B (long. 1200E)? Show your working clearly.
3. With the aid of suitable diagrams, describe the characteristics and mode of formation of any
two of the following (a) Ox-bow lake (b) Zeugen(c) Block mountain(d) Yardang
4. Using appropriate diagram, explain the process of formation of a (i) River capture (ii)
Waterfall.
b) Describe one way in which each of the two features above is useful to man
5. With the aid of diagrams, describe the formation and appearance of any two of the following
features: (i) Stack (ii) Blow (íii) Sand bars.

6. (a) What is environmental

hazard? (b) List five environmental problems.

(c) What is Environmental

intervention? Name two

types of environmental

intervention and give one

example of each.

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 IST TERM EXAMINATION FOR 2023/2024 ACADEMIC SESSION SUBJECT:
GEOGRAPHY CLASS: SS3
OBJECTIVES:Answer all questions
6. Stars tend to form clusters known as (a) satellite (b) planets (c) galaxies (d) Andromeda spiral
7. In the Southern hemisphere, the autumnal equinox occurs on (a) 21st March (b) 21st June
(c) 23rd September. (d) 22nd December
8. When molten magma solidifies along bedding plane, the feature formed is known as (a) sill
(b) lava (c) batholiths (d) ash cone
9. Which of the statements is not correct about sedimentary rocks? (a) could be formed by
water (b) are usually in layers (c) are non crystalline (d) often contains fossils
10. A mountain that has been denuded is called (a) a horst (b) a fold mountain (c) a volcanic
mountain (d) a residual mountain
11. Which of the following affects the flow of ocean currents? (a) latitude (b) humidity (c)
longitude (d) earth’s rotation
12. The atmospheric condition of a place over a long period of time refers to its (a) temperature
(b) weather (c) pressure (d) climate
13. Which of the following weather elements is paired with the wrong instruments? (a)
atmospheric pressure and barometer (b) humidity and anemometer (c) rainfall and rain
gauge (d) wind direction and wind vane
14. Which of the following crops require sandy porous and well aerated soils for growth? (a) tea
(b) groundnut (c) rice (d) cocoa
15. Soils of the rain forest are rich in humus because of the (a) multiple species of trees (b)
dense vegetation cover (c) large quantity of decayed leaves (d) absence of sunlight at the
surface
16. Temperate grasslands are generally important for (a) mining (b) animal grazing (c) floating of
logs
17. A rural settlement is a settlement classified by (a) age (b) site (c) altitude (d) function
18. Air transportation has a low patronage because it (a) is fast (b) is irregular (c) is costly (d)
opens up remote area
19. Irrigation farming is highly practiced in Northern Nigeria because of the (a) abundant plains
for the cultivation (b) inadequate rainfall and presence of many rivers (c) good roads and
abundant capital (d) limited market for its products
20. Which of the following is true of manufacturing industries in Nigeria? (a) most of them
produce consumer goods (b) large quantities of their products are exported (c) they were
established in pre-colonial times (d) they depend entirely on local raw materials
21. The savannah lands of East Africa are best known for their (a) industries (b) wildlife (c) large
rivers (d) inter-ethnic wars
22. If A is located on latitude 60N and B on latitude 120N, what is the distance between the two
places? (a) 1.998km (b) 666km (c) 66.6km (d) 777km
23. A steep sided feature with vertical bands of alternate hard and soft rocks, aligned in the
direction of prevailing wind is (a) mesa (b) zeugen (c) yardang (d) rock pedestal
24. The features commonly found along the lower course of a river are (a) faulting (b)
sedimentation (c) folding (d) deposition
25. The planet with rights of circular light and dark bands is the (a) Mars (b) Mercury (c) Jupiter
(d) Neptune

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26. The earth rotates on its axis from (a) east to west(b) west to east (c) north to east (d) south
to north
27. The longitude of London is 00 while that of Sydney, Australia is about 150 0E. The time at
Sydney would therefore be (a) 20 hours ahead of that of London (b) 10hours ahead of that
of London (c) 16hours behind that of London (d) 10hours behind that of London
28. The solar system comprises the sun and (a) six planets (b) seven planets (c) eight planets (d)
nine planets
29. The outer layer of the earth is called the (a) barysphere (b) crust (c) mantle (d) hemisphere
30. In the desert region the most prominent agent of erosion is (a) rivers (b) thunderstorm (c)
rainfall (d) wind
31. The lower course of a river is usually associated with the formation of (a) rapids and water
falls (b) meanders and interlocking spurs (c) ox-bow lakes (d) v-shaped valleys
32. The middle course of a river normally shows (a) waterfall (b) levee (c) ox-bow lakes (d)
meanders
33. One of the advantages of solar energy is that (a) it is available 24hours of the day (b) it is
natural and does not require periodic maintenance (c) it is harnessed with the aid of
technology
34. Desert encroachment can best be controlled by (a) erecting barriers (b) slope wise
cultivation (c) afforestation (d) over-grazing
35. Which of the following planets revolves round the sun in clockwise direction? (a) Mercury (b)
Jupiter (c) Uranus (d) Pluto
36. The latitude which marks the limits of the sun’s apparent movement North and South of the
10 1 1
equator is (a) 23 (b) 45 0 (c) 65 0 (d) 900
2 2 2
37. The average density of Sima is (a) 2.0 (b) 2.9 (c) 3.0 (d) 3.7
38. An example of a crystalline rock is (a) peat (b) limestone (c) granite (d) sandstone
39. When plateaux are enclosed by fold mountains they are known as (a) intermont plateaux (b)
lava plateaux (c) volcanic plateaux (d) dissected plateaux
40. Which of the following is caused by coastal erosion? (a) spit (b) bay (c) lagoon (d) tombolo
41. A horizontal intrusion of molten magma into the bedding plane of sedimentary rocks is
called (a) phacolith (b) lacolith (c) sill (d) batholiths
42. Which of the following is not an element of a climate? (a) rainfall (b) fog (c) humidity (d)
temperature
43. Which of the following ocean currents enhances rainfall in its immediate hinterland? (a)
canaries current (b) Mozambique current (c) West Australian current (d) Californian current
44. Given that the temperature of station X (at sea-level) is 80 0F (26.70C) at a particular time,
what would be the temperature of (1300ft [400m] above sea level) at the same time? (Both
stations are on the same latitude) (a) 68 0F (200C) )b) 700F (210C) (c) 760F (24.40C) (d) 800F
(26.70C)
45. Environmental lapse rate is (a) 10C for every 300m ascent (b) 20C every 100m ascent (c) 0.60C
for every 100m ascent (d) 0.80C for every 1000m ascent
46. Which of the following is not an element of weather? (a) condensation (b) cloud cover (c)
rainfall (d) sunshine
47. Dark clouds extending to height of about 15000 metres which bring a lot of rain to tropical
lands are known as (a) cirrocumulus (b) cirrus (c) cumulonimbus (d) cumulus

8
 48. Which of the following is not true about a clayey soil? (a) it is heavy (b) it has relatively small
particles sizes (c) it has relatively small tiny air spaces (d) it is characterised b heavy
capillarity
49. Which of the following settlement type is the largest in size (a) Megalopolis (b) village (c)
town (d) city
50. Which of the following occupations is not common among the southern coastlands of
Nigeria? (a) fishing (b) lumbering (c) trading (d) cattle rearing
51. The climate of Nigeria is characterised by (a) continuous seasons (b) two seasons (c) three
seasons (d) four seasons
52. Deforestation can be caused by (a) an increase in population (b) re-afforestation (c) a
decrease in the use of wood fuel (d) the establishment of forest reserves
53. A plant which is adapted to living in a region where little moisture is available is called (a)
helophyte (b) hygrophyte (c) xerophytes (d) hydrophytes
54. Which of the following factors is least necessary for the development of hydro-electric
power? (a) high domestic demand (b) natural reservoirs and falls (c) rain fed rivers (d) heavy
capital outlay
55. The vegetation type which is found only in the Northern Hemisphere is the (a)
Mediterranean woodland (b) Tundra vegetation (c) tropical rainforest (d) coniferous forest
THEORY (SECTION B)
ANSWER ONLY FOUR QUESTIONS
6. What are the similarities and differences between the lines of latitude and longitude?
(b) An international cricket match between the Gambia and India is scheduled to start in
Banjul (longitude 160W) at 9:00 am local time on the 26 th June. Calculate the time and date
that listeners will have to tune their radios for the start of the commentary (i) Bombay (ii)
Pitsburg (890W)
7. With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe three main differences between the
landforms of any two of the following pairs:-
(a) Zeugens and Yardangs
(b) Waterfalls and Gorges
(c) Ria coast and Fiord coast
(d) Levees and Deltas
8. What is the cause of earthquake?
(b) Discuss the two major types of shockwave
(c) List four effects and two popular examples of earthquake
9. What is vulcanicity?
(b) Name three extrusive landforms of vulcanicity
(c) Describe with aid of diagrams three intrusive landforms of vulcanicity
10. Name four surfaces and four underground features of a Karst region
(b) Using suitable diagrams, describe the appearance and mode of formation of any two of
the following land forms: (i) swallow holes (ii) stalagmite (iii) resurgent spring (d) grite
11. Define denudation
(b) List four agents of denudation
(c) Define weathering
(d) Discuss the process involved in physical or mechanical weathering.