Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Dyslipidaemia

    Uploaded by

    Sean Keenan
    6 views2 pages
    Dyslipidaemia is described as abnormal levels of lipids in the blood. There are four main classes of lipoproteins that transport lipids: chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL. LDL is most associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. A fasting lipid test is required to fully assess lipid levels. Hyperlipidaemia can present with signs like corneal arcus or xanthomas on the palms or tendons. It is caused by factors like diabetes, obesity, or kidney disease that increase triglyceride or cholesterol levels. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and lipid-modifying drugs like statins, fibrates, niacin, or PCSK9 inhibitors to lower LDL, triglycer

    Original Description:

    Dyslipidaemia

    Original Title

    4. Dyslipidaemia

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Dyslipidaemia is described as abnormal levels of lipids in the blood. There are four main classes of lipoproteins that transport lipids: chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL. LDL is most associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. A fasting lipid test is required to fully assess lipid levels. Hyperlipidaemia can present with signs like corneal arcus or xanthomas on the palms or tendons. It is caused by factors like diabetes, obesity, or kidney disease that increase triglyceride or cholesterol levels. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and lipid-modifying drugs like statins, fibrates, niacin, or PCSK9 inhibitors to lower LDL, triglycer

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    6 views2 pages

    Dyslipidaemia

    Uploaded by

    Sean Keenan
    Dyslipidaemia is described as abnormal levels of lipids in the blood. There are four main classes of lipoproteins that transport lipids: chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL. LDL is most associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. A fasting lipid test is required to fully assess lipid levels. Hyperlipidaemia can present with signs like corneal arcus or xanthomas on the palms or tendons. It is caused by factors like diabetes, obesity, or kidney disease that increase triglyceride or cholesterol levels. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and lipid-modifying drugs like statins, fibrates, niacin, or PCSK9 inhibitors to lower LDL, triglycer

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Dyslipidaemia

    Description
    Lipids are transported in blood via coupling with lipoproteins. There are four main classes of lipoprotein:
    Chylomicron (Triglycerides); VLDL (Triglycerides/Trigs); LDL (Cholesterol/CL); HDL (Phospholipid). Due to cholesterol
    being associated with CVD, LDL is more associated with increased risk as well. HDL is inversely correlated with CVD.
    Note that a fasting lipid test is required for a full lipid screen.

    Hyperlipidaemia
    Presentation Management
    - Iris: Corneal arcus - Hyperlipidaemia (See below)
    - Palmar Xanthoma: Remnant hyperlipidaemia o 1L: 20 mg Atorvastatin
    - NB: Less commonly seen in Familial HCL o 2L: Ezetimibe
    - Eruptive Xanthoma: ↑ Trigs; Familial HCL o 3L: Alirocumab (PCSK9 antagonist)
    - Other: Tendon/Tuberous xanthoma; Xanthelasma o Niacin: ↑ VitB  ↑ HDL
    Causes - Hypertriglyceridemia
    - ↑ Trigs: DM; Obesity; Alcohol; CKD; Liver disease o General: Fibrates; Nicotinic acid; Fish oil
    - NB: Non-selective β-Bs; Thiazides - Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
    - ↑ CL: Nephrotic; Cholestasis; Hypothyroidism o Statin: 20 mg Atorvastatin if indicated
    Investigations o NB: >40 YO; DM >10 yrs; CVD; Nephropathy
    - QRISK2 Score - Chronic Kidney Disease
    o Age: Only use in those ≤84 YO o Statin: 20 mg Atorvastatin to all patients
    o Avoid: T1DM; eGFR <60; Familial HCL o NB: ↑ Dose if <40 % non-HDL reduction
    o Underestimate: ART; APs; Steroids; SLE - Established Cardiovascular Disease
    o Interpretation: Statin if ≥10 % score o 1L: 80 mg Atorvastatin
    - Measuring Lipids - Xanthelasma
    o Lipid Profile: Total CL + HDL; Triglycerides o Surgery: Resection; Laser therapy
    o Interpretation: Ix Familial HCL if Total CL >7.5 o Meds: Topical trichloroacetic acid

    Lipid Modification Drugs


    Class Drugs Target LDL HDL TRIGs
    Statins Atorvastatin; Simvastatin HMGCOA Reductase Inhibition ↓↓↓↓ ↑↑ ↓↓
    Fibrates Gemfibrozil; Fenofibrate PPAR activation ↓ ↑↑↑ ↓↓↓
    Niacin Niacin ↑ HDL Synthesis ↓↓ ↑↑↑↑ ↓↓
    Bile Acid Sequestrants Colestyramine ↓ Bile acid reabsorption ↓↓↓ ↑ ↑
    Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors Ezetimibe (Zetia) ↓ Cholesterol Absorption ↓ ↑ ↓
    Alirocumab Alirocumab PCSK9 Antagonist ↓↓↓↓ - -

    You might also like