3/9/2021

TE201412
Rangkaian Listrik II

01
Capacitor and Inductor
Yun Tonce Kusuma Priyanto, S.T., M.T.
Andhika Giyantara, S.T., M.T.
Program Studi Teknik Elektro
Institut Teknologi Kalimantan
2021

Sub Task
• Introduction
• Capacitors
• Series and Parallel Capacitors
• Inductors
• Series and Parallel Inductors

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TE201412
Rangkaian Listrik II

Inductor
Yun Tonce Kusuma Priyanto, S.T., M.T.
Andhika Giyantara, S.T., M.T.

Program Studi Teknik Elektro

Institut Teknologi Kalimantan
2021

Joseph Henry (1979-1878)

American physicist, discovered

inductance and constructed an
electric motor.

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Inductors

• An inductor is made of a coil of conducting wire

N 2 A
L
l

Inductors

N 2 A
L
l
  r 0
 0  4  10 7 (H/m)

N : number of turns.
l :length.
A:cross  sectional area.
 : permeability of the core

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Inductors

(a) air-core
(b) iron-core
(c) variable iron-core

Flux in Inductors
• The relation between the flux in inductor and the current
through the inductor is given below.
  Li
ψ Linear
1H  1 Weber/A Nonlinear

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Voltage (v) – Current (i) Relationship of

an Inductor
• An inductor consists of a coil of conducting wire.
d di 1 1
v L = = ( )
dt dt
1
= + ( )

( ) is the total current for −∞ < <

and −∞ = 0
i
+

v
Voltage (v) – Current (i) Relationship of an L
Inductor
-

Energy Storage Form

• An inductor is a passive element designed to store energy
in the magnetic field while a capacitor stores energy in
the electric field.

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Physical Meaning
i
+

v =
L

• When the current through an inductor is a constant, then the

voltage across the inductor is zero, same as a short circuit.
• No abrupt change of the current through an inductor is
possible except an infinite voltage across the inductor is
applied.
• The inductor can be used to generate a high voltage, for
example, used as an igniting element.

Important Properties of inductors

1. An inductor are like a short circuit to dc.

2. The current through an inductor cannot change instantaneously.
Current through an inductor:
(a) allowed,
(b) not allowable; an abrupt change is
not possible.

3. Ideal inductor does not dissipate energy. It takes power from the circuit when
storing energy in its field and returns previously stored energy when delivering
power to the circuit
4. A practical, nonideal inductor has a significant
resistive component. This resistance is called the
winding resistance. The nonideal inductor also
has a winding capacitance due to the capacitive
coupling between the conducting coils. We will
assume ideal inductors.

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Important Properties of inductors

• An inductor has memory i
+
1 1 t
= di  vdt i  v ( t ) dt
L L 
v
L

1 t -
i  v (t ) dt  i (to )
L to

( ) is the total current for −∞ < < and −∞ = 0

Inductor current depends on the past history (-∞ →to) of the

inductor current. Hence, the inductor has memory

Important Properties of inductors

Energy Stored in an Inductor
+
Power delivered to the inductor is
 di  v
P  vi   L  i L
 dt 
-
energy stored in the inductor
di
w   pdt    L idt
t t

 dt 
i (t ) 1 1
 L i (  ) i di  Li 2 (t )  Li 2 ( )
2 2
1 2 Note that i( )  0,
w(t )  Li (t )
2

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Example 6.8

• The current through a 0.1-H inductor is i(t) = 10te-5t A. Find

the voltage across the inductor and the energy stored in it.
Solution:
di
Since v  L and L  0.1H,
dt
d
v  0.1 (10te 5t )  e 5t  t (5)e 5t  e 5t (1  5t )V
dt
The energy stored is
1 1
w  Li 2  (0.1)100t 2 e 10t  5t 2e 10t J
2 2

Example 6.9
• Find the current through a 5-H inductor if the voltage
across it is
30t 2 , t  0
v(t )  
 0, t0
Also find the energy stored within 0 < t < 5s. Assume
i(0)=0.
Solution:
1 t
Since i  v(t )dt  i (t0 ) and L  5H.
L t0

1 t t3
i  0 30t 2 dt  0  6   2t 3 A
5 3

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Example 6.9
• Find the current through a 5-H inductor if the voltage
across it is
30t 2 , t  0
v(t )  
 0, t0
Also find the energy stored within 0 < t < 5s. Assume
i(0)=0.
Solution: The power p  vi  60 t 5 , and the energy stored is then
5 t6 5
w   pdt  0 60t 5 dt  60  156.25 kJ
60
Alternativ ely, we can obtain the energy stored using
1 1
w(5)  w(0)  Li 2 (5)  Li (0)
2 2
1
 (5)(2  53 ) 2  0  156.25 kJ
2

Example 6.10

• Consider the circuit in Fig

6.27(a). Under dc
conditions, find:
(a) i, vC, and iL.
(b) the energy stored in the
capacitor and inductor.

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Example 6.10
Solution:
(a ) Under dc condition : capacitor  open circuit
inductor  short circuit
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i  iL   2 A, vc  5i  10 V
1 5
1 21 2
(b ) wc  Cvc  (1)(10 )  50J,
2 2
1 2 1
wL  Li  ( 2)(2 2 )  4J
2 2

Inductors in Series

Series-connected N inductors

equivalent circuit for the sieries

inductors

Leq  L1  L2  L3  ...  LN

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Inductors in Series
• Applying KVL to the loop,
v  v1  v2  v3  ...  v N
• Substituting vk = Lk di/dt results in
di di di di
v  L1  L2  L3  ...  LN
dt dt dt dt
di
 ( L1  L2  L3  ...  LN )
dt
 N
 di di
   LK   Leq
 K 1  dt dt

Leq  L1  L2  L3  ...  LN

Inductors in Parallel

Paralel-connected N inductors

equivalent circuit for the parallel

inductors

1 1 1 1
= + + ⋯+

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Inductors in Parallel
• Using KCL, i  i1  i2  i3  ...  iN
1 t
ik  t vdt  ik (t0 )
Lk o

• But
1 t 1 t 1 t
i   vdt  i1 (t0 )  L t vdt  is (t0 )  ...  L t vdt  iN (t0 )
Lk t0
2
0
N
0

1 1 1 t
    ...   t vdt  i1 (t0 )  i2 (t0 )  ...  iN (t0 )
 L1 L2 LN  0

N 1t N
1 t
    t vdt   ik (t0 )  t vdt  i(t0 )
L
 k 1 k  0
k 1 Leq
0

1 1 1 1
= + + ⋯+

Series and Parallel Inductors

• The inductor in various connection has the same effect as

the resistor.

• Hence, the Y-Δ transformation of inductors can be

similarly derived.

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Example 6.11
• Find the equivalent inductance of the circuit shown in Fig.
6.31.

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Example 6.11
• Find the equivalent inductance of the circuit shown in Fig.
6.31.

• Solution: Series : 20H, 12H, 10H  42H

7  42
Parallel :  6H
7  42
 Leq  4  6  8  18 H

Practice Problem 6.11

Ex: Calculate the equivalent inductance for the inductive
ladder network given in the circuit below.

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Example 6.12
• Find the circuit given below, i(t )  4(2  e 10t
) mA.
If i2(0)  1mA, find : (a) i (0) 1

(b) v(t ), v1 (t ), and v2 (t );

(c) i1 (t ) and i2 (t )

Example 6.12
Solution:
(a ) i (t )  4(2  e 10t )mA  i (0)  4(2  1)  4mA.
 i1 (0)  i (0)  i2 (0)  4  (1)  5mA

(b ) The equivalent inductance is

Leq  2  4 || 12  2  3  5H

di
 v(t )  Leq  5(4)(1)(10)e 10 t mV  200e 10t mV
dt
di
v1 (t )  2  2(4)(10)e 10t mV  80e 10t mV
dt
 v2 (t )  v(t )  v1(t )  120e 10t mV

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Example 6.12
1 t
(c) i   v(t ) dt  i(0) 
L 0
1 t 120 t 10t
i1 (t )   v2 dt  i1 (0)  4 0 e dt  5 mA
40
t
 3e 10 t  5 mA  3e 10 t  3  5  8  3e 10 t mA
0

1 t 120 t 10t
i2 (t )   v dt  i2 (0) 
0 2  e dt  1mA
12 12 0
t
 e 10t  1mA  e 10t  1  1  e 10t mA
0

Note that i1 ( t )  i2 ( t )  i ( t )

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