Department Mining and Process Engineering

Subject Process Thermodynamics 324

Course code PTD720S

Level NQF Level 7, 12 Credits

Date & Time 2 October 2023

Duration & Marks 2 October – 16 October 2023 Marks: 65

ASSIGNMENT 1 Question Paper

Examiner: Prof. Kasonde Maweja

Moderator: Dr Richmond K. Asamoah (University of South Australia)

General Instructions and Notes

➢ Answer all questions in section A and B.

➢ Each question is allocated 5 marks.
➢ Write your initials and student number on each page.
➢ Write neatly and legibly; illegible work will not be considered for marks.
➢ Pay attention to units and show the relevant unit in each calculated answer.
➢ Use well labeled and headed illustrative diagrams and sketches wherever necessary.
➢ No marks will be considered for correct answers in the event that two or more different
undeleted answers are given for the same problem.
➢ No marks will be awarded for correct answers only. Calculations must contain a
minimum number of logically sequenced steps followed by the final answer.
➢ In the event that insufficient information was provided to solve a specific problem,
make realistic assumptions, state, and motivate these and continue solving the
problem based on the assumptions made.
PART A

Question A1

You are presented with two partially miscible liquids at room temperature.

a. How can you by one simple experiment predict the possible existence of a UCST or LCST for
the system of the two liquids.
b. Using a simple Temperature – composition equilibrium diagram, explain the lever rule for the
determination of mass proportions of the liquid phases at equilibrium at a given
temperature.

Question A2

Discuss the concepts of:

a. Triple point of a pure substance

b. Critical point of a pure substance
c. Law of corresponding states of gases
d. Inversion temperature of a gas

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PART B

PROBLEM 1

The freezing point of pure benzene is 5.44°C and that of the solution containing 2.092 g of
benzaldehyde in 100 g of benzene is 4.44°C. Calculate the molecular weight of benzaldehyde
when Kf for benzene is 5.1.
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PROBLEM 2

Determine the boiling point elevation of water when 5 g sucrose is added to 100 g of pure
water at 100°C. Molecular weight of sucrose is 342.30 g.
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PROBLEM 3

The boiling point of acetic acid is 118.1°C and its latent heat of vaporisation is 121 cal/g. A
solution containing 0.4344 g anthracene in 44.16 g acetic acid boils at 118.24°C. What is the
molecular weight of anthracene?
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PROBLEM 4

A mixture of 20 mol% methane, 30 mol% ethane and 50 mol% propane is available at 30°C.
Using K-factors, determine the pressure at which condensation begins if the mixture is
isothermally compressed and calculate the composition of the first drop of liquid formed.
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PROBLEM 5

The molar volume of a binary liquid mixture at T and p is given by

v= 120 x1 + 70x2 + (15x1 + 8x2) x1x2.
(a) Find the expressions for the partial molar volume of species 1 and 2.
(b) Show that the expression satisfies the Gibbs – Duhem equation.
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PROBLEM 6

The excess free energy of a binary solution mixture is given by

𝐺𝐸
= −3𝑥1 𝑥2 (0.4𝑥1 + 0.5𝑥2 )J/mol. Find the expressions for 𝛾1 and 𝛾2
𝑅𝑇

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PROBLEM 7

You are asked to prepare a draft proposal for the liquefaction of Carbon dioxide using the Linde
process. The gas is available at 25°C. Consider the critical point, the condensation temperature,
latent heat of vaporisation and inversion temperatures of this gas.

Prepare a sketch of the Linde process of liquefaction for carbon dioxide. Indicate the critical
equipment and parameters on the sketch.

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PROBLEM 8

You are asked to prepare a draft proposal for the liquefaction of Hydrogen using the Linde process.
The gas is available at 25°C. Consider the critical point, the condensation temperature, latent heat of
vaporisation and inversion temperatures of this gas.

Prepare a sketch of the Linde process of liquefaction for Hydrogen. Indicate the critical equipment
and parameters on the sketch.

PROBLEM 9

The reaction for oxidation of sulphur is given by.

SO2(g) + ½ O2(g) = SO3(g)
A mixture of sulphur dioxide and oxygen is fed to the reactor in the mole ratio of 5:4. The
process is maintained at 750K and 1bar. Estimate the molar composition of the reactor
effluent gases at equilibrium, assuming that the reaction mixture behaves like an ideal gas.
Given that the equilibrium constant K = 74.
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PROBLEM 10

Calculate the values of Kp at 25°C and 800°C for the water-gas reaction
 𝐶𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 + 𝐶𝑂2
Using the following data at 298K and 1 atm
Substance 𝑯𝟐 CO 𝑯𝟐 𝑶 𝑪𝑶𝟐
0 0 -137.27 -228.59 -394.28
∆𝐺𝑓,298 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
0 0 -110.52 -241.83 -392.51
∆𝐻𝑓,298 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
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PROBLEM 11

The reaction of a cadmium – calomel cell is represented as:

𝐶𝑑 + 𝐻𝑔2 𝐶𝑙2 = 𝐶𝑑2+ + 2𝐶𝑙 − + 2𝐻𝑔

Where all the components are present in their standard states. The reversible e.m.f. (in V) of the
above cell varies with temperature (in K) according to the following relationship:

𝐸 0 = 0.67 − 1.02 𝑥 10−4 (𝑇 − 298) − 2.4 𝑥 10−6 (𝑇 − 298)2

Calculate the values of ∆𝐺 0 , ∆𝑆 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐻 0 for the above reaction at 40°C.

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