A

MICROPROJECT REPORT
ON
“PREPARE A REPORT ON COMPUTER SYSTEM”

SUBMITTED BY:

 PACHPUTE SAKSHI DILIP

 GAIKWAD DIPAK BHIMRAO
 DHENDE SANSKAR SUDARSHAN
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

Prof. DHOLE MAM

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

HSBPVT’s PARIKRAMA POLYTECHNIC
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION MUMBAI

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
HSBPVT’s PARIKRAMA POLYTECHNIC, KASHTI
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE
This is certified that {Ms.} PACHPUTE SAKSHI, {Mr.} GAIKWAD DIPAK, DHENDE SANSKAR
Roll No. 02,18,01 of Third Semester of Diploma in Medical Electronics Engineering of
institute HSBPVT’s Parikrama Polytechnic, Kashti(Code :1169) has completed the micro-
project satisfactorily in course Computer Hardware Networking (CHN) for the academic
year 2023-2024s prescribed in the curriculum.
Place – Kashti
Enrollment No. – 2211690097
Enrollment No. – 2211690122
Enrollment No. –2211690096

Date / /2022 Subject Teacher

Principal Hod Of Department

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 Table of Contents
1. Introduction of computer system. 4
2. Advantages Of Computers. 5
3. Disadvantages Of Computers. 6
4. Generations Of Computers. 7
5. Hardware Used In Computer. 12
6. Software Used In Computer. 12
7. Future Of Computer System. 12
8. Conclution. 13
9. Reference. 13

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 1. INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER SYSTEM.

A computer is an electronic device that can be programmed to accept

data (input), process it and generate result (output). A computer along
with additional hardware and software together is called a computer
system. A computer system primarily comprises a central processing
unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices and storage devices. All these
components function together as a single unit to deliver the desired
output. A computer system comes in various forms and sizes. It can vary
from a high-end server to personal desktop, laptop, tablet computer, or a
smartphone.

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Advantages of Computers:-

1)High Speed:-

• Computer is a very fast device.

• It is capable of performing calculation of very large amount of data.
• The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond, and even the
picosecond.
• It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to man who
will spend many months to perform the same task.

2) Accuracy:-

• In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.

• The calculations are 100% error free.
• Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy provided that the input is correct.

3)Storage Capability:-

• Memory is a very important characteristic of computers.

• A computer has much more storage capacity than human beings.
• It can store large amount of data.
• It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio, etc.

4)Diligence:-

• Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of
concentration.
• It can work continuously without any error and boredom.
• It can perform repeated tasks with the same speed and accuracy

5)Versatility:-
• A computer is a very versatile machine.
• A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.
• This machine can be used to solve the problems related to various fields.
• At one instance, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very next
moment it may be playing a card game .

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Disadvantages Of Computers:-

1)• A computer is a machine that has no intelligence to perform any task.

2)• Each instruction has to be given to the computer.

3)• A computer cannot take any decision on its own.

1)Dependency:-
• It functions as per the user’s instruction, thus it is fully dependent on humans.

2)Environment:-

• The operating environment of the computer should be dust free and suitable.

3)No Feeling:-

• Computers have no feelings or emotions.

• It cannot make judgment based on feeling, taste, experience, and knowledge

Unlike humans.

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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS:-
1)First Generation Computers:-
The period of first generation was from 1946-1959. The computers of first generation
used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU
(Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and
the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and
only large organizations were able to afford it.

The main features of the first generation are:

• Vacuum tube technology.
• Supported machine language only.
• Very costly.
• Slow input and output devices.
• Huge size.
• Need of AC.
• Consumes lot of electricity.

Some computers of this generation were:

• ENIAC
• EDVAC
• UNIVAC
• IBM-701
• IBM-750

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2)Second Generation Computers:-
The period of second generation was from 1959-1965. In this generation, transistors
were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more
reliable and faster than the first-generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this
generation, magnetic cores were used as the primary memory and magnetic tape
and magnetic disks as secondary storage devices.

The main features of second generation are:

 Use of transistors
 Reliable in comparison to first generation computers
 Smaller size as compared to first generation computers
 Generates less heat as compared to first generation computers
 Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation computers
 Faster than first generation computers
 Still very costly
 AC required
 Supported machine and assembly languages

Some computers of this generation were:

 IBM 1620
 IBM 7094
 CDC 1604
 CDC 3600
 UNIVAC 1108

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3)Third Generation Computers:-
The period of third generation was from 1965-1971. The computers of third
generation used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many
transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry.
The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This development made computers smaller in
size, reliable, and efficient. In this generation remote processing, time-sharing, multi-
programming operating system were used. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO
IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this
generation.

The main features of third generation are:

 IC used
 More reliable in comparison to previous two generations
 Smaller size
 Generated less heat
 Faster
 Lesser maintenance
 Costly
 AC required
 Consumed lesser electricity
 Supported high-level language

Some computers of this generation were:

 IBM-360 series
 Honeywell-6000 series
 PDP (Personal Data Processor)
 IBM-370/168
 TDC-316

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4)Fourth Generation Computers:-
The period of fourth generation was from 1971-1980. Computers of fourth
generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having
about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements with their associated circuits on a
single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation.
Fourth generation computers became more powerful, compact, reliable, and
affordable. As a result, it gave rise to Personal Computer (PC) revolution. In this
generation, time-sharing, real-time networks, distributed operating system were
used. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this
generation.

The main features of fourth generation are:

 VLSI technology used
 Very cheap
 Portable and reliable
 Use of PCs
 Very small size
 Pipeline processing
 No AC required
 Concept of internet was introduced
 Great developments in the fields of networks
 Computers became easily available

Some computers of this generation were:

 DEC 10
 STAR 1000
 PDP 11
 CRAY-1(Super Computer)
 CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)

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5)Fifth Generation Computers:-
The period of fifth generation is 1980-till date. In the fifth generation, VLSI
technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the
production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.

This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial

Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which
interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All
the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this
generation.

The main features of fifth generation are:

 ULSI technology
 Development of true artificial intelligence
 Development of Natural language processing
 Advancement in Parallel Processing
 Advancement in Superconductor technology
 More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features
 Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates

Some computer types of this generation are:

 Desktop
 Laptop
 Notebook
 Ultrabook
 Chromebook

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Hardware Used In Computer:-

 CPU
 Motherboard
 Monitor
 Hard Drive
 Ram
 Mouse
 Keyboard
 Speakers

Software Used In Computer:-

 MS Office 2013
 Window Medie player
 3D Viewer
 Paint
 Notepad
 Magnify
 Calculator
 Chrome

Future Of computer System:-

 Quantum Computing
 AI And Machines Learning
 Edge Computing
 5g And Beyond
 Neuromorphic Computing
 Blockchain Technology
 Cybersecurity
 Holographic and Quantum Storage

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Conclution:-

A system of interconnected computers that share a central storage

system and various peripheral devices such as a printers, scanners, or
routers. Each computer connected to the system can operate
independently, but has the ability to communicate with other external
devices and computers.
computers are transformative tools that have reshaped society. As they
continue to evolve, they will undoubtedly unlock new potentials and
challenges. As responsible users, it is incumbent upon us to harness
their power for good while mitigating potential risks.

Reference:-

 Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering

From "Abstract Data Types" to "WiMAX Networks", this online encyclopedia provides introductory
information on a variety of topics relevant to computer science and engineering. Each article is written
by an expert, and additional references are included.

 Encyclopedia of Computer Science by edited by Anthony Ralston, Edwin D. Reilly, David

Hemmendinger

A one-volume encyclopedia that contains 623 articles by 450 contributors, the entries cover a wide
range of topics including hardware, computer systems, information and data, software, mathematics of
computing, theory of computation, methodologies, applications, and computing milieiux. Entries are
lengthy and include bibliographical references for further reading. The appendices also include a
timeline.

 Encyclopedia of Computer Science by edited by Anthony Ralston, Edwin D. Reilly, David

Hemmendinger

This version of the 4th edition is available within the ACM Digital Library-- look for the title, Encylopedia
of Computer Science, and click.

The entries cover a wide range of topics including hardware, computer systems, information and data,
software, mathematics of computing, theory of computation, methodologies, applications, and
computing milieiux. Entries are lengthy and include bibliographical references for further reading. The
appendices also include a timeline.

 Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History

History is covered in all encyclopedias to some extent, but this encyclopedia intends to cover historical
topics more extensively. Many articles contain references for further reading.

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