Name : Chairunnisa

StudentIndex : 1911021042
Course : World Economy

Assigment 13. STI

Disruptive innovation is the innovation that can create new markets, or replace old markets
with fresh business ideas and innovations that suit consumer needs. This radical innovation
can even disrupt and damage existing markets. This innovation is often referred to as an
innovation that disrupts the conventional industrial level.
This is because disruptive innovations often spark ideas about new products or services that
are unthinkable and create new types of consumers. In the end, this innovation made the
old market drop in price and slump. It could say the emergence of this innovation is a very
big scourge for conventional and rigid entrepreneurs. This is because, it is the conventional
industry that is the most threatened with many innovations that will disrupt the market they
may have built.
For businesses that are unable to compete and survive, company setbacks are inevitable.
Basically, disruption is a common thing in the business world that is certain but not static
and always changing. However, seeing today with increasingly advanced technology, the
disruption process is getting faster and more diverse.
The concept is that disruptive innovation develops a pre-existing product into a new
product that was never anticipated. The product or service is performed in a way that the
consumer would not have predicted. Generally disruptive innovation will create quite
different types of consumers in a new market. This is usually created by lowering the price
to be cheaper than the old market price. An example of Disruptive Innovation itself is
Wikipedia which destroys conventional Encyclopedias.

These are the abstract of the top 10 Patents of 2015

10. U.S. Patent No. 9088018 A method and apparatus for extracting water. The apparatus
comprises a first and second cooling device and a controller. The first cooling device has a
first and second side. The first side heats materials located at the first side and generates a
water vapor. The second side cools the water vapor and fluids collected from a source. The
second cooling device transfers heat from the water vapor and the fluids flowing through
the second cooling device to an environment around the second cooling device. A controller
controls a first amount of power delivered to the first cooling device and a second amount
of power delivered to the second cooling device based on a temperature for the fluids and
the water vapor at an output. Water extracted from the fluids and the water vapor by cooling
the fluids and the water vapor is collected at the output.

9. U.S. Patent No. 8994492 The use of user equipment, or distracting features thereof are
restricted or prohibited to improve vehicle operation safety. The presence of user
equipment within the operator's or driver's operational area is detected. The distracting
features are then restricted either immediately or based on other conditions such as vehicle
speed, motion, engine state, etc. When the conditions have been eliminated and/or the user
equipment is vacated from the operator's operational area, the restrictions can be removed
or removed after a threshold period of time.

8. U.S. Patent No. 9162720 Embodiments of the invention provide an approach for
reproducing a human action with a robot. The approach includes receiving data
representing motions and contact forces of the human as the human performs the action.
The approach further includes approximating, based on the motions and contact forces data,
the center of mass (CoM) trajectory of the human in performing the action. Finally, the
approach includes generating a planned robot action for emulating the designated action by
solving an inverse kinematics problem having the approximated human CoM trajectory as
a hard constraint and the motion capture data as a soft constraint.

7. U.S. Patent No. 8972321 A system, a method and a computer program product for
verifying a statement are provided. The system is configured to receive a statement. The
system is configured to decompose the received statement into one or more sets of question
and answer pairs. The system is configured to determine a confidence value of each answer
in the one or more question and answer pair sets. The system is configured to combine the
determined confidence values. The combined confidence values represent a probability that
the received statement is evaluated as true.

6. U.S. Patent No. 9130602 A method and apparatus for providing power to e.g., a
chargeable device via a radio frequency link. In one aspect, a method of providing power
to a chargeable device via radio frequency link comprises generating a substantially un-
modulated signal. The method further comprises radiating a substantially un-modulated
radio frequency (RF) signal to the chargeable device via a transmit antenna based on the
substantially un-modulated signal. The method further comprises powering or charging the
chargeable device with power delivered by the substantially un-modulated RF signal.
5. U.S. Patent No. 9134731 Apparatuses, methods and storage medium associated with
computerized assist or autonomous driving of vehicles are disclosed herein. In
embodiments, a method may include receiving, by a computing device, a plurality of data
associated with vehicles driving at various locations within a locality; and generating, by
the computing device, one or more locality specific policies for computerized assisted or
autonomous driving of vehicles at the locality, based at least in part on the data associated
with vehicles driving at various locations within the locality. Other embodiments may be
described and claimed.

4. U.S. Patent No. 9117185 A method and apparatus of managing a forest. A forestry
management system comprises a forestry manager. The forestry manager is configured to
receive information about a forest from a group of autonomous vehicles, analyze the
information to generate a result about a state of the forest from the information, and
coordinate operation of the group of autonomous vehicles using the result.

3. U.S. Patent No. 9159106 Systems and methods are provided for fabricating products on
demand. In some embodiments, a manufacturable model, which may include information
about a three-dimensional representation of a product to be fabricated, is received by a user
of an electronic system and may be validated by the electronic system. A prototype of the
product can be generated based at least in part on the manufacturable model, and the
manufacturable model and/or the product can be made available for selection by other users
of the system. The product may be fabricated based at least in part on the manufacturable
model using, for example, a three-dimensional printer, and may be delivered to users of the
electronic system.

2. U.S. Patent No. 8914308 A method and apparatus that improves the operation of
treasury management functionality for a cash positioning and reporting system is provided.
Several portions of the payment process may be improved. The initiation process may be
streamlined by providing supplemental contact information. Transactions may be initiated
from trusted templates or groups of templates. Likewise transfers between internal accounts
may be created. At each stage of the process views of current transaction/transfer initiations
may be viewed. Transactions that have been successfully initiated may be confirmed.
Incomplete or unsuccessful initiation may be reconciled for further action by a user.
Templates and transfers may be grouped and sorted.

1. U.S. Patent No. 9180980 The present disclosure relates to a system in space for
reinforcing photosynthesis on earth, comprising a satellite with at least one first optical
assembly intended for collecting sunlight, the position of which is stationary; a second
optical assembly, smaller in size and with less inertia than the first optical element, intended
for retransmitting the collected light with higher density of the retransmitted flux density
than the collected flux density, and with an adjustable orientation; a remotely controllable
means capable of adjusting the orientation of the second optical assembly; and a light-
transmitting means which transmits the collected light from the first optical assembly to
the second optical assembly. The second optical assembly retransmits light only in
specified frequency hands around 450 nm and 660 nm.

Of the top 10 Patents of 2015, I think they can be classified as disruptive innovations, and
for example the U.S. Patents. No. 9159106, in the case of 3d printing, which is known as a
machine that prints a special design to be able to produce three-dimensional shapes. Which
can be said 3D printing is a form of disruptive technology that is starting to change the
manufacturing industry. 3D printing has caused a shift in the number of large companies
producing their goods as 3D printing has reduced costs and resources used. 3D printing has
changed manufacturing systems such as the way goods are manufactured, how companies
benefit from 3D printing, and the economic impact of 3D printing. Disruptive 3D printing
technology has created many positive but also negative effects in the manufacturing
industry. 3D printing creates a change in the way companies manufacture and manufacture
their products as costs, resources and waste are all reduced. The creation of 3D printing has
an impact on how goods are produced, how companies can benefit from technology, and
how the economy is transformed. 3D printing provides many benefits to companies as they
can reduce costs by eliminating prototyping and wastage. This technology is also able to
increase productivity by eliminating extra or unnecessary production parts. Lastly, 3D
printing is capable of providing huge economic growth for companies both large and small.
A lot of work will be lost due to the initial 3D printing; however, this will increase the
demand for skilled workers who will add many jobs in the future. 3D printing is a prime
example of disruptive technology as it completely shapes the manufacturing industry
through technological determinism.