What is spring?

Springs are mechanical components that

elastically absorb applied loads. By
“elastically,” we mean that these springs
will return to their original position once
you remove the applied load. This makes
them useful in applications that demand
energy storage or shock-absorbing
capabilities.
 Principle of Spring

A spring is an object that stores energy

when force (from a load) is applied and
releases the energy when the load is
removed. Normally, the spring will
come back to its original shape after
the load is removed, regardless of
the types of springs used in a product.

The spring operates according

to Hooke’s Law. Hooke’s law basically
illustrates the connection between a
spring’s elasticity and the “force”
applied to it. According to Hooke’s law,
the force required to compress and
extend a spring is inversely
proportional to the displacement.
The mathematical formula for Hooke’s
Law is F= -kX

• F = force applied to the spring

• X = displacement of the spring (a
negative value means that the
force of restoration is acting in
the opposite direction).
• k = It is the constant of a spring.
The stiffness varies depending
on the spring type.
 Types of Spring

1. Helical spring
2. Leaf Spring
3. Torsional Spring

Type of Lever

1. First class lever

2. Second class lever
3. Third class lever
 Helical Spring

Helical springs are those familiar elastic

coiled mechanical devices that are used to
store and release energy.

Applications: - Bike, car & railways

 Leaf Spring

A leaf spring is a simple form of spring

commonly used for suspension in wheeled
vehicles. Originally called a laminated or
carriage spring, and sometimes referred to
as a semi-elliptical spring, elliptical spring, or
cart spring, it is one of the oldest forms of
vehicle suspension.
 Torsion Spring

Because of the rotation, these springs

use the radial direction when the force
is acting radially. These are generally
seen in applications that rotate less
than 360 degrees. Torsion springs last
a long time and can be easily adjusted
in all types of vehicles. It is commonly
used in clothes pins, clipboards,
swing-down tailgates, and garage
doors.
 Lever
d,

Levers are very simple mechanical

engineering devices. A lever consists of a
beam or rod, which pivots on a fulcrum. The
purpose is to to lift weights with less effort.
A good example of a lever is children on
opposite ends of a seesaw, lifting each
other's weight up and down.
 First class lever

This is a type of lever which has the fulcrum

in between the weight and the force applied.
Its order is represented as force-fulcrum-
weight. This is the most basic type of lever.
Example: Our hand pushing an object or
seesaws, crowbars.
 Second class lever

A lever with the load between the

fulcrum and the effort; the effort is
applied up and the load moves up; the
less effort required, the closer the load is
to the fulcrum.
 Third class lever

These are the levers in which the fulcrum

is at one end and the force is applied in
the middle and the weight is on the other
end. The order is represented as a
weight-force-fulcrum. In this case, we
have to apply more energy to displace the
weight to a longer distance. Example:
Fishing rod.