EXERCISE 1:

Determine the net area of the 6 mm thick plate assuming 20 mm diameter bolt are located as
shown.

6 mm thick plate S2
bnet = bgross – Σ holeØ + Σ------
4g

60 mm 1. Path 1 (Green):
A
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 295 - 1(22 mm + 2 mm) + 0
60 mm B 𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 271 mm
𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 271 mm (6 mm)
T T 𝑨𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 1,626 𝒎𝒎𝟐
100 mm
C D 1. Path 2 (Red):
(45)2
75 mm 𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 295 - 2(22 mm+2 mm) + 4(100)
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 252.063 mm
50 mm 45 mm 𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 252.063 (6 mm)
𝑨𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 1,512.375 𝒎𝒎𝟐
LOAD TRANSFER AT CONNECTION
EXERCISE 2.
Calculate the governing net area for plate A of the single lap joint shown assuming that plate B
has adequate net area and does not control the strength T.
1. Path 1 (RED): S2
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 380 - 3(22mm+2mm) + 0 bnet = bgross – Σ holeØ + Σ------
4g
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 308 mm 40 mm
𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 308 mm (15 mm)
𝑨𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 4,620 𝒎𝒎𝟐

2. Path 2 (YELLOW): Plate A:

𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 380 - 5(22 + 2) + 4(
(50)2
)
𝟗
𝑷
𝟏
𝑷 t = 15 mm
4(75) 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 293.333 mm 300 mm T
𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 293.333 mm (15 mm)
𝑨𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 4,440 𝒎𝒎𝟐 bolt diameter = 20 mm

3. Path 3 (LIGHT BLUE):

(50)2
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 380 - 4(22 + 2) + 2( )
4(75) 𝑭𝑶𝑹 𝑷𝑨𝑻𝑯 𝟑
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 300.667 mm 40 mm
10
𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 300.667 mm (15 mm) ( ) Plate B 9
9
𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 5,011.111 𝑚𝑚2 𝑃 = 𝑓𝑡 (𝑈𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡 )
10 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤
3 @ 50 mm = 150 mm 10
Therefore, Path 2 with 𝑨𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 4,440 𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑓𝑡 𝑈𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡
will be the first to tear. 9
 EXERCISE 3.
Determine the net area for the 150 x 100 x 12 mm angle shown if 20 mm diameter holes are
used.

GAGE CONVERSION:
Convert the angle to an Equivalent Flat Member: g’ = g1 + g2 - t
GROSS WIDTH CONVERSION:
bgross = L1 + L2 - t

60 mm
150 mm

55 mm
g’ = 55+60-12 = 103 mm
60 mm 75 mm 75 mm 75 mm

100 mm

bgross = 150+100-12 = 238 mm

EXERCISE 4.
Determine the reduction factor U to be applied in computing the net area for
W 14 x 82 section connected by plates at its two flanges. There are three
bolts along each connection line.

y for WT = 35.31 mm

363.47 mm
257.30 mm
75 mm 75 mm

L = 150 mm

Note: For W, M, or S shapes with bf/d ≥ 2/3 and structural tees cut from
these shapes, U = 0.90 when there are at least three fasteners per line in
the direction of stress.
 BOLTED-RIVETED TENSION CONNECTIONS
PROBLEM 6. The tension member is composed of a 200x150x10mm thick angle connected using
21mmØ rivets as shown. Ag = 3400 mm2, x = 25 mm, Fy = 250 MPa and Fu = 400
MPa. Use Allowable Strength Design (ASD).

Determine the following :

1. The net area of the section.
2. The tensile capacity of the member based on yielding of Ag.
3. The tensile capacity of the member based on fracture of An.

GAGE CONVERSION:
Convert the angle to an Equivalent Flat Member : g’ = g1 + g2 - t

GROSS WIDTH CONVERSION:

10 bgross = L1 + L2 - t

50
200
40
bgross = 200+150-10 = 340
45
g’ = 45+60-10 = 95

30 40 60
150
1. If the given bolt diameter in the problem is in Table J3.3M, use the provided hole dimensions.
2. If the given bolt diameter in the problem is not in Table J3.3M:
a. When designing – use the lower bolt and hole dimensions.
b. When analyzing – use the given bolt diameter.
i. If bolt diameter < 24 mm, add 2 mm.
ii. If bolt diameter ≥ 24 mm, add 3 mm.
SOLUTION: A
B
50
40 C
bgross = 340 mm

g’ = 95 mm
D
E

Hole diameter = 21 + 4 = 25 mm
30 40
1. Chain AD : bnet = 340 – 2x25 = 290 mm

Chain ABD : 302 302

bnet = 340 – 3x25 + -------- + ------------ = 271.17 mm
4x50 4(95+40)
302 402 702
Chain ABCD : bnet = 340 – 4x25 + -------- + ------- + -------- = 267.39 mm
4x50 4x40 4x95

Chain ABCE : 302 402

bnet = 340 – 3x25 + -------- + ------- = 279.5 mm
4x50 4x40

USE : b = smallest = 267.39 mm

A NET = bNET t = 267.39 x 10 = 2,673.9 mm2

2 𝑷𝒂 =
𝟏
𝑷𝒏 = 0.60Fy Agross = 0.60x250x(3400)/1000 = 510.00 KN
𝛀

3 If two elements are connected: U = 1.00

𝟏
𝑷𝒂 = 𝑷𝒏 = 0.50FuUAnet = 0.50(400)(1.00x2,673.90) = 534.78 KN
𝛀
If only one element is connected: U = 1-x/L ≤ 0.90 = 1-25/70 = 0.64 < 0.90 (ok)
𝟏
𝑷𝒂 = 𝑷𝒏 = 0.50FuUAnet = 0.50(400)(0.64x2,673.90) = 342.26 KN
𝛀
 BOLTED-RIVETED TENSION CONNECTIONS
PROBLEM 7. A plate with a width of 400 mm and thickness
of 12 mm is to be connected to a plate of the
same width and thickness by 34-mm diameter
bolts as shown. The holes are 2mm larger
than the bolt diameter. The plate is A36 steel
with Fy = 248 MPa and Fu = 400 MPa. It is
required to determine the value of b so that
the net width along bolts 1-2-3-4 is equal to
the net width along bolts 1-2-4.

1. Determine the value of b.

2. What is the net area for tension.
3. Calculate the value of P so that the allowable tensile stress
on net area will not be exceeded.
PROBLEM 7 SOLUTION:
As stated in the problem:
HOLE DIA. = 34 mm + 2 mm
= 36 mm

S2
bnet = bgross – Σ holeØ + Σ------
4g

SOLUTION:
b2 + --------
602 + -------- 1502 = -----
b2 + 321.25
1. Chain 1-2-3-4 : bnet = 400 – 4x36 + --------
4x100 4x100 4x100 400
60 2 (150 - b) 2 (150-b)2 + 301
Chain 1-2-4 : bnet = 400 – 3x36 + -------- + ------------- = ------------
4x100 4x200 4x200
b 2 (150-b)2 + 301 : b2 + 300 b – 6300 = 0 : b = 19.7 mm
------------
----- + 321.25 =
400 4x200
19.7 2 USE
2. Chain 1-2-3-4 = Chain 1-2-4 : bnet = -------- + 321.25 = 322.22 mm
400
Chain 1-2-3 : 60 2 19.72
bnet = (400 – 3x36 + -------- + -------- = 301.97 mm
4x100 4x100
CONTINUATION OF
SOLUTION:

A NET(max)= 0.85Ag = 0.85 x 400 x 12 = 4080 mm2

A NET = bNET x t = 301.97 x 12 = 3623.67 mm2

3.

P = 0.50 Fu ANET = 0.5 x 400 x 3623.67/1000

P = 724.73 kN