Rules Plural - Past-Para PDF

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Classification of sounds taking into account the vibration of the vocal folds

Rules for the pronunciation of the past and past participle forms of regular verbs
1- If the verb ends in /t/ or /d/, we add /Id/
e.g. want /w nt/ wanted /w ntId/
need /ni:d/ needed /ni:dId/

2- If the verb ends in a VOICED sound, except for /d/, we add /d/
e.g. play /pleI/ played /pleId/
love /lv/ loved /lvd/

3- If the verb ends in a VOICELESS sound, except for /t/, we add /t/
e.g. miss /mIs/ missed /mIst/
work /w3:k/ worked /w3:kt/

Rules for the pronunciation of the plural of nouns, the third person singular (Simple
present), ‘s (apostrophe S) for is, has or the Genitive.
1- If the word ends in /s/, / /, / /, /z/, / /, or / /, we add /Iz/
e.g. miss /mIs/ misses /mIsIz/
church / 3: / church / 3: Iz/
Alice’s cat /ælɪsɪz kæt/

2- If the word ends in a VOICED sound, except for /z/, / /, or / /, we add /z/
e.g. play /pleI/ plays /pleIz/
love /lv/ loves /lvz/

3- If the word ends in a VOICELESS sound, except for /s/, / /, or / /, we add


/s/
e.g. work /w3:k/ works /w3:ks/
stop /s tp/ stops /st ps/

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