ANUSENCION, SARAH A.

M233 EXERCISE 2 BSECE-2A

1. An experiment involves tossing a pair of dice, 1 green and 1 red, and recording
the numbers that come up. If x equals the outcome on the green die and y the
outcome on the red die, describe the sample space S
a. By listing the elements (x, y):
𝑆 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}

b. By using the rule method:

𝑆 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑒, 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑒}

2. If the pair of dice is rolled, find the number of sample points of the following:
a. Sample space
𝑆 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}

b. Event of getting a sum of 5

𝐴 = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 5
𝐴 = {(1.4), (2.3), (3,2), (4,1)}
𝑛(𝐴) = 4, 𝑛(𝑆) = 32
𝟒 𝟏
𝑷(𝑨) = =
𝟑𝟐 𝟖
 ANUSENCION, SARAH A.M233 EXERCISE 2 BSECE-2A

c. Event of getting a sum of at most 4

𝐵 = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 4
𝐵 = (𝑥, 𝑦) ≤ 4
𝐵 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2,2), (3,1)}
𝑛(𝐵) = 6, 𝑛(𝑆) = 32
𝟔 𝟑
𝑷(𝑩) = =
𝟑𝟐 𝟏𝟔

3. If a die is rolled, what is the probability of getting

a. An odd number?
The sample space is given by
𝑆 = {1,2,3,4,5}
Let A be the event of getting an odd number
𝐴 = {1,3,5}
𝑛(𝐴) = 3, 𝑛(𝑆) = 6
𝟑 𝟏
𝑷(𝑨) = =
𝟔 𝟐

b. An even number?
Let B be the event of getting an even number
𝐵 = {2,4,6}
𝑛(𝐵) = 3, 𝑛(𝑆) = 6
𝟑 𝟏
𝑷(𝑩) = =
𝟔 𝟐

c. A perfect square?
Let C be the event of getting a perfect square
𝐶 = {1,4}
𝑛(𝐶) = 2, 𝑛(𝑆) = 6
𝟐 𝟏
𝑷(𝑪) = =
𝟔 𝟑
 ANUSENCION, SARAH A.M233 EXERCISE 2 BSECE-2A

4. If a pair of dice is rolled, what is the probability of getting?

a. A sum of 6?
The sample space is given by
𝑆 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
𝑆 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑒, 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑒}

Let A be the event of getting a sum of 6

𝐴 = {(1,5), (2,4), (3,3), (4,2), (5,1)}
𝑛(𝐴) = 5, 𝑛(𝑆) = 32
𝟓
𝑷(𝑨) =
𝟑𝟐

b. A sum of less than 13?

Let B be the event of getting a sum of less than 13
𝐵 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
𝑛(𝐵) = 32, 𝑛(𝑆) = 32
𝟑𝟐
𝑷(𝑩) = =𝟏
𝟑𝟐
 ANUSENCION, SARAH A.M233 EXERCISE 2 BSECE-2A

c. A sum of 13?
Let C be the event of getting a sum of 13
𝐶 = {}
𝑛(𝐶) = 0, 𝑛(𝑆) = 32
𝟎
𝑷(𝑪) = =𝟎
𝟑𝟐

d. A sum of at least 10?

Let D be the event of getting a sum of at least 10
𝐷 = (𝑥, 𝑦) ≥ 10
𝐷 = {(4,6), (5,5), (5,6), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
𝑛(𝐷) = 6, 𝑛(𝑆) = 32
𝟔 𝟑
𝑷(𝑫) = =
𝟑𝟐 𝟏𝟔

5. A vase has 3 red roses, 4 white roses and 6 yellow roses. If a rose is picked from
the vase to give for someone special, what is the probability that
a. It is white
The sample space is given by
𝑆 = {13 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠}
𝐴 = {3 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠}
𝐵 = {4 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠}
𝐶 = {6 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠}
𝑛(𝐵) = 4, 𝑛(𝑆) = 13
𝟒
𝑷(𝑪) =
𝟏𝟑

b. It is not red
𝐴′ = {3,4}
𝑛(𝐴) = 3 + 4 = 7, 𝑛(𝑆) = 13
 ANUSENCION, SARAH A.M233 EXERCISE 2 BSECE-2A

𝟕
𝑷(𝑨′ ) =
𝟏𝟑

6. If 3 books are picked at random from a shelf containing 4 novels, 3 books of

poems and a dictionary. What is the probability that,
a. The dictionary is selected
Number of ways to select 3 books from 8 books
𝑛!
𝑛𝐶𝑟 =
𝑟! (𝑛 − 𝑟!)
8!
8𝑐3 =
3! (8 − 3)!
8!
8𝐶3 =
3! 5!
8∗7∗6
8𝐶3 =
3∗2∗1
336
8𝐶3 = = 56
6
Number of ways to select 2 books and 1 dictionary
8! 1!
8𝐶2 ∗ 1𝐶1 = ∗
2! (8 − 2)! 1! (1 − 1)!
8! 1!
8𝐶2 ∗ 1𝐶1 = ∗
2! 6! 1! 0!
8∗7
8𝐶2 ∗ 1𝐶1 = ∗1
2∗1
56
8𝐶2 ∗ 1𝐶1 = = 28
2

𝟐𝟖 𝟏
𝑷(𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅) = =
𝟓𝟔 𝟐
 ANUSENCION, SARAH A.M233 EXERCISE 2 BSECE-2A

b. 2 novels and a book of poem are selected

5! 3!
5𝐶2 ∗ 3𝐶1 = ∗
2! (5 − 2)! 1! (3 − 1)!
5! 3!
5𝐶2 ∗ 3𝐶1 = ∗
2! 3! 2!
5∗4
5𝐶2 ∗ 3𝐶1 = ∗3
2∗1
20
5𝐶2 ∗ 3𝐶1 = ∗3
2
5𝐶2 ∗ 3𝐶1 = 10 ∗ 3 = 30
𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟓
𝑷(𝟐 𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 𝒃𝒐𝒐𝒌 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒆𝒎 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅) = =
𝟓𝟔 𝟐𝟖
7. On a TV quiz show a contestant is asked to pick an integer at random from the
first 100 consecutive positive integers, that is, the integers 1 through 100. If the
number picked is divisible by 12 or 9, the contestant will win a free trip to Cebu.
What is the probability that the contestant will win the trip?
The sample space is given by
𝑆 = {𝑥|1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 100}
Let A be the event of getting a number that is divisible by 9
𝐴 = {9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 63, 72, 81, 90, 99}
Let B the event of getting a number that is divisible by 12
𝐵 = {12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96}
Then:
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {9, 12, 18, 24, 27, 36, 45, 48, 60, 63, 72, 81, 84, 90, 96, 99}
𝒏(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) 𝟏𝟔 𝟒
𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = = =
𝑺 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟓
 ANUSENCION, SARAH A.M233 EXERCISE 2 BSECE-2A

8. The probability that the stock market goes up on Monday is 0.6. Given that it
goes up on Monday, the probability that it goes up on Tuesday is 0.3. Find the
probability that the market goes up on both days.
Let M = The event that the stock market goes up on Monday
T = The event that the stock market goes up on Tuesday

𝑃(𝑀) = 0.6
𝑃(𝑇|𝑀) = 0.3

The conditional probability of T given that M has occurred

𝑃(𝑇 ∩ 𝑀)
𝑃(𝑇|𝑀) =
𝑃(𝑀)
𝑃(𝑇 ∩ 𝑀)
0.3 =
0.6
𝑷(𝑻 ∩ 𝑴) = 𝟎. 𝟑 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖

9. The probability that a married man watches a certain television is 0.4 and the
probability that a married woman watches the show is 0.5. The probability that a
man watches the show, given that his wife does is 0.7. Find the probability that
a. A married couple watches the show.
Let M = The event that a married man watches the show
W = The event that a married woman watches the show

𝑃(𝑀) = 0.4
𝑃(𝑊) = 0.5
𝑃(𝑀|𝑊) = 0.7

The conditional probability of M given that W has occurred

𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊)
𝑃(𝑀|𝑊) =
𝑃(𝑊)
𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊)
0.7 =
0.5
𝑷(𝑴 ∩ 𝑾) = 𝟎. 𝟕 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓
 ANUSENCION, SARAH A.M233 EXERCISE 2 BSECE-2A

b. A wife watches the show given that her husband does.

𝑃(𝑀) = 0.4
𝑃(𝑊) = 0.5
𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊) = 0.35

The conditional probability of W given that M has occurred

𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊)
𝑃(𝑊|𝑀) =
𝑃(𝑀)
𝟎. 𝟑𝟓
𝑷(𝑾|𝑴) = = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝟓𝟎
𝟎. 𝟒

c. At least 1 person of married couple will watch the show.

𝑃(𝑀) = 0.4
𝑃(𝑊) = 0.5
𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊) = 0.35

𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊 ′ ) = 𝑃(𝑀) − 𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊)

𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊 ′ ) = 0.4 − 0.35 = 0.05

𝑃(𝑀′ ∩ 𝑊) = 𝑃(𝑊) − 𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊)

𝑃(𝑀′ ∩ 𝑊) = 0.5 − 0.35 = 0.15

𝑃(𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒) = 𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊 ′ ) + 𝑃(𝑀′ ∩ 𝑊) + 𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑊 ′ )

𝑷(𝒂𝒕 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒏𝒆) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓