Chapter 3

Writing the Preliminaries for the Proposal Paper

Workshop 4: Preliminary Capsule Writing

Parts / Proposed Text

Assigned
member
Proposed Title ASESSING THE IMPACT OF CIGARRETE SMOKING AMONG TEENAGERS
IN PARABBA, PENABLANCA.
Introduction The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats
the world has ever faced, killing over 8 million people a year around the
world. More than 7 million of those deaths are the result of direct
tobacco use while around 1.3 million are the result of non-smokers being
exposed to second-hand smoke.
All forms of tobacco use are harmful, and there is no safe level of
exposure to tobacco. Cigarette smoking is the most common form of
tobacco use worldwide. Around 80% of the 1.3 billion tobacco users
worldwide live in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of
tobacco-related illness and death is heaviest. Tobacco use contributes to
poverty by diverting household spending from basic needs such as food
and shelter to tobacco. This spending behavior is difficult to curb
because tobacco is so addictive.
Tobacco use in Filipino youth is alarming. About 30% of
adolescents in the urban areas smoke, and of these, more than 70%
started smoking between the ages 13-15. On a national level, the study
says that, as much as 40% of boys and 19% of girls aged 10-14 are
already daily smokers. The age 15-19, 38% of both male and female
Filipinos are already considered regular smokers. The WHO expects their
numbers to continue to climb. Tobacco companies are aggressively
marketing cigarettes to their children-to the extent of giving them
sample packs for free- hoping to make them addicted to nicotine and
thus ensure a continuing market for tobacco. Information about the
harmful effects of cigarettes smoking will be integrated into the basic
education curriculum. The Department of Education has announced
Deped Order 62 tasks the department to include the environmental and
economic implications of smoking in the elementary and high school
curricula. (Deped, 2012)
Many Filipinos die due to smoking-related diseases. On a daily
basis, 240 Filipinos die because of these smoking-related diseases such
as heart failure, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
peripheral vascular disease and many cancers. This accounts for 87,000
deaths due to smoking-related diseases in the country every year.
In connection with these dangers of smoking, there are increasing
numbers of Filipino smokers and an alarming number of yet smokers.
Republic act of 921 (as cited in the Department of Education [Deped],
2011), or the Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 specifies the smoking
prohibition in public places.

Objectives/ Generally, the study aims to assess the impact of cigarette smoking on
Statement of the teenagers in Parabba Peñablanca.
the Problem
Specifically, the study aims to assess the impact of cigarrete smoking
on teenagers in Parabba, Penablanca.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age
 1.2 Gender
1.3 Socio-economic Status
2. What is the impact of smoking among these teenagers in terms
of:
1.1 Physical
1.2 Social
1.3 Psychological
3. Is there a relationship between the demographic profile of the
respondents and the knowledge of teenager smokers regarding
the impact of smoking.

Operational 
Cigarette- Manufacturer product made of tobacco that is used
Definition of for smoking.
terms  Impact- used in a sense of influence to the person or other
 Knowledge- It is the level of understanding of teenager’s
smokers regarding on the impact of cigarette smoking.
 Smoker- A person who habitually smokes tobacco.
 Smoking- This is the practice in holding the smoke cigarette or
tobacco.
 Teenager- a person aged between 13-19 years.
Theoretical Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) provides a cognitive conceptual
Framework framework to investigate tobacco use among adolescents. The cognitive
process plays a key role in the process of decision-making, leading to
behavioral change. PMT consists of two pathways: Threat Appraisal and
Coping Appraisal, and it is the interaction of the two that determines the
likelihood whether an adolescent will smoke or not. Threat Appraisal
serves as an evaluation of maladaptive behaviors, and it includes four
constructs in two groups: Perceived Threat (severity and vulnerability)
and Perceived Rewards (intrinsic rewards and extrinsic rewards). Coping
Appraisal serves as an evaluation of a person’s ability to manage and
avoid the threat, and it includes three constructs also in two groups:
perceived efficacy (response efficacy and self-efficacy) and perceived
cost (response cost). Those who perceive greater threat from smoking
and have higher coping ability to adapt non-smoking behaviors are less
likely to smoke. Some studies have reported the successful utilization of
PMT in predicting cigarette smoking among adolescents in China
[45, 54]. In a study, a measurement scale for assessing PMT was
reported with adequate reliability and validity [32]. Therefore, the Threat
Appraisal and Coping Appraisal, derived from the Protection Motivation
Theory, were used to predict smoking behavior in this study.
Conceptual Input:
Framework/  Profile of respondents
Research a. Age
Paradigm b. Gender
c. Socioeconomic Status
 Impact of smoking among respondents in terms of
a. Physical
b. Social
c. Environmental
Process:
 Questionnaires
 Informal Interviews
Output:
 Determine factors influencing the impact of smoking among
teenagers.
 Promote health education in the area about the effects of
cigarettes.
 Implementation of cigarette ban among teenagers in the said
 barangay.
References  Global Burden of Disease [database.Washington, DC: Institute of
Health Metrics; 2019. IHME,accessed 17 July 2023
 (5) WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use
2000-2025, fourth edition. WHO, Geneva, 2021