Key Points for Theoretical Foundations in Nursing (TFN)

1. Idea Jean Orlando conceptualized the Nursing Process Theory.

2. Nurses’ reaction, nursing action, and patient’s behavior are the three basic elements of

the nursing process.

3. The Nursing Care Plan is patient centered.

4. Recreation is not a phase in the nurse-patient relationship.

5. According to Peplau, the teaching role of nurses describes how the nurse helps clients

clarify domains of dependence, interdependence, and independence and acts on client’s

behalf as advocate.

6. The mother of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing is Hildegard Peplau

7. Idea Jean Orlando Pelletier defined nursing as “a profession that seeks to find out and

meet the patient’s immediate need for help”

8. The theory of Orlando emphasizes immediate nursing action to address the patient’s

need. This can be mostly applied in areas such as Operating Room, Intensive Care Unit

and Emergency Area.

9. The nurse communicating to the patient his or her own immediate reactions is defined as

the nursing process discipline

10. The orientation phase is characterized by the client who assumes a posture of

dependence, interdependence, or independence in relation to the nurse.

11. In the resource role of nurses, the nurse answers questions, interprets clinical treatment

data, and gives information.

12. Need is a situationally defined requirement of the patient which relieves or diminishes his

immediate distress if this is supplied.

13. Exploring the meaning of their behavior and determining whether they can resolve their

problems or have a need-for-help are ways to identify the patient’s need for help
14. According to Ernestine Wiedenbach’s theory, derision to life is not an essential component

associated with the nursing philosophy.

15. Original encounter refers to the initial interaction between the nurse and the patient.

16. Sympathy is feeling sorry or pity for the patient, but you do not specifically understand

what they’re feeling.

17. Communication is a vehicle through which nurse-patient relationships are established.

18. Objective health is a category in which health is identified as an absence of discernible

disease, disability of defect as measured by physical examination, laboratory tests, and

assessment by spiritual director or psychological counselor.

19. Subjective health is a category wherein it is an individually defined state of well-being in

accord with self-appraisal of the physical-emotional-spiritual status.

20. The moment wherein the nuse is unable to share in the person’s experience is not part of

the series of encounters leading to rapport.

21. Travelbee’s theory focuses on how nursing is accomplished through therapeutic human

relationships

22. The human to human relationship model was developed by Joyce Travelbee.

23. The task of the nurse is to translate the phase of sympathy into helpful nursing actions.

24. The helping art of nursing defines nursing as the practice of identifying a patient’s need

for help through the observation of presenting behavior.

25. The stages of Travelbee’s human to human relationship model are encounter, identity,

empathy, sympathy, and rapport.

26. Politco-economic pertains to the impact of the government, plotics, and economy.

27. Dancing is not considered to be an activity of daily living.

28. The goal of the assessment and interventions is to promote maximum dependence for the

patient does not apply to the model for nursing based on a model of living.

29. Lydia Hall believed that patients should receive care only from professional nurses.
30. Cure is the circle in which the nurse helps patients through surgical, and rehabilitative

prescriptions made by physicians.

31. Care is the circle in which the patient views the nurse as a potential comforter, one who

provides care and comfort through the laying on of hands.

32. The focus of the care circle is that the nurse should be performing the task of nurturing

patients.

33. The nurse applies medical knowledge of disease to assist with the plan of care pertains

to the cure concept of Hall’s theory.

34. Core is the concept that is based on social sciences, involves the therapeutic use of self,

and is shared with other members of the healthcare team.

35. Lydia Hall’s theory is called the care, cure, core model.

36. The twenty-one nursing problems identified in the nursing theory are 10 steps used to

identigy the patients problems and eleven skills used in developing a treatment typology

or nursing care plan.

37. Abdellah’s theory helped transform the focus of the nursing profession from being disease-

centered to client-centered.

38. Client orientation is the primary concern of Abdellah’s theory.

39. Once a nurse assesses a client’s condition and identifies appropriate nursing diagnoses,

they begin physical assessments.

40. Nurse Pepper is done performing assessment and is identifying a nursing diagnosis of

acute shoulder pain, her client-centered goal should be that the client reports a decrease

of pain intensity of 4 or less during the hospital stay.

41. The nursing process is assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating.

42. Abdellah stated that the most appropriate evaluation would be the nurse’s progress or lack

of progress toward the achievement of the stated goals.

43. Sub-optimal activity and rest are not included in Abdellah’s 21 nursing problem theory.
44. The third level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is love and belonging.

45. Avoiding environmental dangers is an example of physiological needs according to

Maslow.

46. A substitute for the nurse is not included in Henderson’s theory.

47. Henderson believed that the nursing theory should be centered around the patient/patient

needs.

48. There are 14 activities in Henderson’s nursing activities for client assistance.

49. Virginia Henderson is referred to as the first lady of nursing.

50. Henderson’s theory can be considered as a need theory.

51. Maslow’s highest level of need in the hierarchy pyramid is self-actualization.

52. Virginia Henderson defined nursing as the unique function of the nurse is to assist the

individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its

recovery (or to peaceful death).

53. Select suitable clothes-dress and undress and avoid dangers in the environment and

avoid injuring others are examples of psychological components.

54. Perceived benefit of action involves anticipated, imagined, or real barriers preventing the

change.

55. Psychological factors include self-esteem and self-motivation.

56. Sociocultural factors include race, ethnicity, and acculturation.

57. Biological factors include age, gender, race, and basal metabolic rate.

58. Activity related affect describes the subjective positive or negative feelings that occur

before, during, and after behavior.

59. Personal socio-cultural factors include self-esteem, self-motivation, personal competence,

perceived health status, and definition of health.

60. The end result directed toward accomplishing beneficial health outcome such as optimal

well-being, personal fulfillment, and personal living are health promoting behaviors.
61. Hildegard Peplau’s theory is the theory of interpersonal relationships.

62. The 4 phases of the Nurse-Patient Relationship according to Peplau are orientation,

identification, exploitation, and resolution.

63. Exploitation is the stage in which the client derives full value from what the nurse offers

through the relationship.

64. Peplau proposed 6 nursing roles, stranger, resource, teaching, counseling, surrogate, and

active leadership.

65. Peplau believed that nurses must clearly understand themselves to promote their client’s

growth and avoid limiting choices to nurses value.

66. Ida Jean Orlando’s theory is the theory of deliberative nursing process.

67. The theory of deliberative nursing process stresses the reciprocal relationship between

patient and nurse.

68. The nursing process has 3 basic elements, the behavior of the patient, the reaction of the

nurse, and nursing actions which are designed for the patient’s benefit.

69. When patients cannot cope with their needs, they become distressed and helpless.

70. Joyce Travelbee created the human-to-human relationship model of nursing.

71. Therapeutical use of self is the ability to use one’s personality consciously and in full

awareness to establish relatedness and to structure nursing intervention.

72. Travelbee’s model emphasized empathy, sympathy, rapport, and emotional aspects of

nursing.

73. The 4 elements in the art of nursing are philosophy, purpose, practice, and art.

74. Philosophy is what motivates the nurse to act in a certain way.

75. Ernestine Wiedenbach is responsible for the helping art of clinical nursing theory.

76. Art is understanding the patient’s needs and concerns, developing goals and actions

intended to enhance patient’s ability, and directive activities related to the medical plan to

improve the patient’s condition.

77. Need for help is any measure desired by the patient that has the potential to restore or

extend the ability to cope with various life situations that affect health and wellness.

78. To identify the patients’ need for help, you can explore the meaning of their behavior or

determine the cause of their discomfort/incapacity.

79. Nancy Roper, Winifred Logan, and Alison Tierney created the model of nursing based on

activities of living.

80. There are 12 activities of living, included in these are breathing, eating and drinking,

expressing sexuality, and dying.

81. Lydia Hall’s theory is the care, cure, core theory of nursing.

82. Faye Glenn Abdellah created the 21 nursing problems theory.

83. There are four categories of in Abdellah’s theory. Basic needs, sustenance care needs,

remedial care needs, and restorative care needs.

84. Virginia Henderson is responsible for the Nursing Need Theory.

85. Nola J. Pender created the health promotion model. The likelihood of engaging in health-

promoting behaviors is dependent on cognitive-perceptual factors and modifying factors.

86. Madeleine Leininger’s theory is the culture care theory in nursing.

87. Margaret Newman’s theory is the theory of health as expanding consciousness.

88. In the theory of health as expanding consciousness, health is defined as the pattern of the

whole of a person.

89. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s theory is the theory of human becoming.

90. There are 9 principles in the theory of human becoming. Imaging, valuing, language,

revealing-concealing, enabling-limiting, connecting-separating, powering, originating, and

transforming.

-Nothing Follows-