SCHOOL: URS Antipolo COURSE AND YEAR: BSE MATH 1

STUDENT’S NAME: Palattao, Angel A.

SUBJECT: The Contemporary World
Santos, Elizza Mhae A.
TEACHING DATE: March 06, 2023 SEMESTER: 2

LESSON PLAN TEACHING TIME: 4:30 - 6:00 NO. OF DAYS: 1

I. OBJECTIVES
ASIAN REGIONALISM

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Define regionalism;
2. Identify factors influencing regionalism in Asia; and
Understand how Asian nations deal with globalization and regionalism.
A. Learning Competencies
or Objectives THE ASEAN INTEGRATION

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to

1. Revisit the history of the ASEAN
2. Explain ASEAN integration; and
3. Discuss the ASEAN economic and Socio-Cultural blueprint
II. CONTENT
Asian Regionalism and ASEAN Integration
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
The Contemporary World book: Asian Regionalism page (122 - 131)
a. Teacher's Guide Pages The Contemporary World book: the ASEAN integration page (132-145)
b. Learner's Material The Contemporary World book: Asian Regionalism page (122 - 131)
Pages The Contemporary World book: the ASEAN integration page (132-145)
c. Textbook Pages
d. Additional Materials
from Learning Visual aids
Resources
B. List of Learning
Resources for
Development and
Engagement Activities
IV. PROCEDURES

Prayer
A. Introduction

B. Development
Asian Regionalism

Regionalism - strengthen collective identity in a conglomerate of nations occupying

a particular geographical area or aiming at shared goal; increases in economic
exchanges in a particular area.

“there is no single Asian idea of regionalism”

 Baogang He & Takashi Inoguchi, “ Introduction to ideas of Asian
Regionalism”
Amidst globalization, another phenomenon is becoming more apparent: regionalism.

 Takashi Inoguchi (1996), in a complication of papers presented at the United

Nations University, articulated that the post-Cold War era is characterized by
unique dynamics in international relations.

 First, countries tend to rely on global for a such as the United Nations in
resolving regional conflicts, thus, paving way for the emerge of peacekeeping
initiatives and regional trade organizations.

 Second is the emerge of regional cooperation among countries to achieve

 political and economic goals.

 Hernandez (1996) even suggested that such flexibility and fluidity in

regionalism is consequential to the end of the Cold War

 Another trend is nations' commitment to their cultural identities.

 According to Huntington (1996), one of the consequences of the post-Cold War

affairs is the shift of power from the West to groups of nations with similar
cultural identity.

 Huntington referred to these nations as "civilizations"-a proposition

foundational to his "clash of civilization" hypothesis.

 Idrees M (2017), in an article on the South Asian Association for Regional

Cooperation (SAARC), noted that regionalism may be a manifestation of a
"space for regional arrangement" (p. 1 of 4) amidst an overburdened world
system.
 Indrees M continued by pointing out that after the Second World War, global
trends have emerged which show why regionalism is a necessary phenomenon.

- First, amidst globalization, global problems remained to be tackled in regional

spheres.
- Second, the collapse of the alliances has led to regionalism and trans-regionalism
trends.
- Third, regionalism is an attempt for resilience in a world which remains to
acknowledge superpower tendencies among particular states such as America.
-Fourth and lastly, growing insecurity within particular regions require solutions
from within these regions, something which is made complicated by global
dynamics.

 Hettne's Faces of Regionalism and Degrees of Regionness

 Hettne (1996) argued that regionalism has two faces: the old and the new. The
following table summarizes Hettne's articulation

Old Regionalism New Regionalism

bipolar such that it was produced in- a
schism between opposing political
alliances
imposed by the superpowers
secures economic security within
alliances
specific to economic and political
objectives
focused only on nation-states
multipolar as it is open for multilateral
engagement and collaborations among
countries
spontaneous and sought voluntarily by
constituents
open inasmuch as it is multipolar
comprehensive and multidimensional
(political, cultural, economic, social)
involves non-state actors

Furthermore, Hettne (1996) suggested that Regionness as a concept has varying

degrees.

Region as a geographical unit - A region can be construed as a place, as a physical

environment. For example, we can determine Asian as a region based on the land
and water boundaries surrounding it.

Region as a social system - A region can be construed as a conglomerate of people

occupying a particular space and possessing unique dynamics of interaction. For
instance, we can determine Asia as a region based on the group of people occupying
it and the shared ancestry, language, and culture these people have.

Region as organized cooperation - A region can be construed as a group of nations

who agree to take part and form a formal organization. For instance, Southeast Asia
is a region within Asia, and it has been formalized through memberships in the
Association of South East Asian Nations or ASEAN.

Region as civil society - A region can be construed as a network of cultural and

social linkages among countries who voluntarily take part in a cooperation among
nations.

Region as an acting subject - A region can be construed as a group of nations

concerned about peace, welfare, and prosperity of its people.

It is comprised of distinct regions such as Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia,
Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. The following are some information about
these distinct coastal regions.

Coastal Regions Some Countries Overview

Central Asia Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
East Asia China, Hong Kong,
Japan, Macau, Mongolia,
North Korea, South
Korea, and Taiwan
South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, India, Pakistan,
Sri Lanka, the Maldives,
Nepal
Southeast Asia Brunei, Cambodia,
Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Timor Lester,
Vietnam
Western Asia (Middle Armenia, Azerbaijan,
East) Bahrain, Cyprus,
Georgia, Israel, Iran, Iraq,
Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Oman, Palestine, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Turkey, United Arab
Emirates, Yemen
Important in the Silk
Road trade, the historical
economic and cultural
exchange between Rome
and China
Important in the Silk
Road trade, the historical
economic and cultural
exchange between Rome
and China
High population density;
Cradle of the indian
civilization
Found in the Asia Pacific
Ring of Fire; historically
the goal destination of the
European expeditions for
its spice
Many are arid desert
regions but serve as
gateways and routes to
major bodies of water in
the world

Dynamics of Asian Regionalism

 "Asia learned the hard way in 1998 that the absence of regional cooperation can
cost an economic misfortune."
 Sri Mulyanilndrawati (Minister of Finance, Republic of Indonesis); "Emerging
Asian Regionalism: A Partnership for Shared Responsibility"

 In 2008, the Asian Development Bank published a book on the emerging

regionalism in Asia.
 Haruhiko Kuroda, then president of ADB, in the Foreword of this manuscript,
articulated that integration is contributory to the economic development
experienced by Asian countries then.
 Kuroda identified some factors which are influential in the growing integration
at that time:

Enhanced dialogue between citizens of various nations - This is facilitated by

growing tourism activities in the regions and the consistent multilateral meetings
among leaders of nation-states.

Expanding intraregional trade and investments - This brings forth closer

financial markets and interdependent economies.

Increased connectivity - This is facilitated by regional infrastructure projects

as well as collaboration in delivering public goods.

Furthermore, Kuroda noted that the "market-friendly, multitrack, and multispeed"

(p.v) approach of the Asian integration is beneficial for the Asian region because of
the following reasons:
 Members can integrate based on their capacity vis-à-vis the available
opportunities.
 It opens up for collaboration and merging of smaller groups.
 It is responsive to business and open markets.

There are various benefits perceived from the Asian integration. Some of those
discussed by ADB (2008, p. 13) are as follows:

 It harnesses the strengths of diverse economies.

 It provides platform for connecting financial markets (reduced capital, shared
risks).
 It makes the economy more resilient to global risks.
 It pools resources.
 It creates regional mechanisms for safety and security.

However, there are also challenges (ADB, 2008, p. 17):

 The need to establish compatible product standards

 The need to establish guidelines that buffer financial contagion and ensure
compatible financial regulations
 The need to coordinate macroeconomic policies
 The need to manage cross-border environmental and social policies (e.g., fair
treatment of migrant workers)

Amidst challenges and criticisms, cooperations in the Asian region remain to exist,
in principle, to serve the goals of its members. These cooperations are as follows:
APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)
EAS (East Asian Summit)
APC (Asia Pacific community)
EAC (East Asian Community)
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
APT (ASEAN Plus Three)

The ASEAN Integration

ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations; a regional cooperation in the

Southeast Asia
Integration - establishment of formal processes toward collaboration for shared
economic and sociocultural goals

 When discussing about Asian regionalism, one cannot veer away from
discussing the evolution and dynamics of the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN).

 In the early 1960s, there was already an emerging organization among

Philippines, Thailand, and the Republic of Malaya in what was called the
Association of Southeast Asia (ASA).

 It was established in July 31, 1961 by Thanat Khoman (Thailand), Felixberto

Serrano (Philippines), and Tunku Abdul Raman (Malaya). While the articulated
goal of this regionalism process was cultural and economic cooperation, there
were also political goals gleaned.
 Some challenges were encountered from its inception such as lack of
confidence from other Southeast Asian nations, presumed political goals, and
the dissent from other states because of their alignment with the Western Bloc
(Pollard, 1970).

 In 1963, another confederation was formed, convened by then President

Diosdado Macapagal.

 This was referred to as MAPHILINDO (Great Malayan Confederation),

involving Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia, which aimed to unite "nations
of Malay origins."
 This did not last very long and was terminated by Indonesia-Malaysia
Konfrontasi-the former's policy arguing against the formation of the Federation
of Malaysia (Weatherbee et al., 2005).

The ASEAN

 Was ASEAN a necessary trajectory to take among Southeast Asian nations?

Thanat Khoman (1992), one of the founding fathers, articulated why SEA
needed an organization for cooperation.

 First, the cooperation will repel new colonial powers from stepping in after old
colonizers withdrew.

 Second, it is strategic to work with neighbors, with shared interest and identity,
than with allies from distant lands (e.g., SEATO).

 Third, harnessing the strengths of member states will provide an advantage in

dealing with bigger powers in potential conflicts.

 Most importantly, cooperation and integration enable achievement of goals

which could be not accomplished alone.

 S. Rajaratnam (1992) profoundly describe what sets ASEAN apart from its
Asian counterparts. He said:

 To compare ASEAN with the so-called Little Dragons of Asia is to compare

unrelated political species. The Little Dragons are lone wolves hunting
separately.
 They lack collective strength or awareness. With them it is a case of each wolf
for itself. In the case of ASEAN, as integration proceeds, its strength will be the
cohesiveness of over 300 million people with far greater resources than any of
the lone baby dragons.

 The Little Dragons of Asia he was referring here were the economies of Hong
Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, which, at that time, was
experiencing fast-paced industrialization and economic growth.

 The principles of the ASEAN are enshrined in the ASEAN Declaration (1967),
also referred to as Bangkok Declaration. The opening section of the Declaration
provided a situationer of SEA's geopolitical and economic affairs at that time:

 Existence of shared problems and interests

 Need for unity and cooperation
 Shared aspirations and ideals ("peace, progress, and prosperity")
 Shared responsibility for "economic and social responsibility"
 Presence of foreign bases as temporary and with "concurrence from countries
concerned"

The following section contains the declarations, as follows:

 Establishment of ASEAN
 An articulation of the aims and purpose of ASEAN
  A list of strategies and mechanisms to enable the achievement of the goals
 A statement of openness for membership
 An articulation of ASEAN as a collective representation of member states

ASEAN Integration
 ASEAN integration has become a buzzword in recent years, propelling
conversations among experts in various disciplines, and perhaps, eliciting
questions among the general public. What really is integration and what is
ASEAN integration?

In simpler terms, we can look at integration as a pathway toward unification in

various spheres-political, economic, and social.

 Some theorists suggest that integration is made possible by certain conditions

such as increased level of social interaction (Deutsch, 1953) and

 Shared ideological patterns amidst a diverse society experiencing fast-paced

economic growth (Haas, 1964).

ASIAN REGIONALISM
Direction: Research about the Asian financial crisis in1997/1998. Explore what caused the crisis and
how it happened. Using a mindmap, present the outcomes of your research in a graphical way.

ASEAN INTEGRATION
Direction: Fill out the following table about countries in the ASEAN

C. Engagement Country Capital Population Current Secretary or Interesting

President Minister of Facts
foreign
Affairs
Indonesia
Philippines
Malaysia
Singapore
Thailand
D. Assimilation
QUIZ

1. It is a strengthen collective identity in a conglomerate of nations occupying a

particular geographical area or aiming at shared goal
a. Regionalism b. integration c. ASEAN d. Asian Regionalism

2. Who suggested that flexibility and fluidity in regionalism is consequential to the

end of the Cold War
a. Felixberto Serrano b. Kuroda c. Hernandez d. Hettne

3. Who argued that regionalism has two faces: the old and the new?
a. Felixberto Serrano b. Kuroda c. Hernandez d. Hettne

4. There are various benefits perceived from the Asian integration. Some of those
discussed by ADB. which of the following is not?
a. It makes the economy more resilient to global risks.
b. It harnesses the strengths of diverse economies
c. It is responsive to business and open markets.
d. It pools resources.

5. In what year that the ADB published a book on the emerging regionalism in
Asia.
a. 1964 b. 2008 c. 1996 d. 2006

Direction: Write “TAMA MAMSHIE” if the sentence is true and write “ MEMA”
if the sentence is false
 6. Region as a geographical unit that can be construed as a place, as a physical
environment. TAMA MAMSHIE

7. Old Regionalism: multipolar as it is open for multilateral engagement and

collaborations among countries MEMA

8. Kuroda noted that the "market-friendly, multitrack, and multispeed"

TAMA MAMSHIE

9. "ASEAN learned the hard way in 1998 that the absence of regional cooperation
can cost an economic misfortune." MEMA

10. Region as an acting subject that can be construed as a group of nations who
agree to take part and form a formal organization. MEMA

11. When was (ASA) established?

july 31, 1961

12. Establishment of formal processes toward collaboration for shared economic

and sociocultural group.

Integration
13. The ASEAN declaration happened in what year?
1967

14. The principle of the ASEAN are enshrined in ASEAN declaration also referred
to as _______.
Bangkok Declaration

15. He said that to compare ASEAN with the so called Little Dragon of Asia is to
compare unrelated political species.
S.Rajaratnam

16-20 ESSAY.
FOR 5pts. IN YOUR OWN UNDERSTANDING GIVE THE MEANING OF
ASEAN INTEGRATION.

V. REFLECTION AND
CONCLUSION OF THE
REPORTERS

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