E.

Sailboat

Another challenge to the

Sumerians was transportation.
(At that time, the wheel was not
yet invented)
**The primary method of
transportation was through
waterways
(such as rivers and seas.)
***They used Boats
to transport heavy loads of
products over long distance.*

However, their population was

getting larger so they wanted to
discover faraway lands to settle.
Since the and boats were not
enough to accommodate more
people and products.
They needed a mode of
transportation that didnot require
much human resource.
To address their increasing
demands,
** They invented the sailboats
which are essential in
transportation and trading as well
as in fostering culture,
information
and technology.

Circa 1,300 BC: The sailboat

was invented. The sailboat was
invented so the Sumerians would
be able to get fish from the
middle of deep lakes and rivers.
The sailboat was an important
invention because if it wasn't
invented then it would be really
hard for Sumerians to get
enough fish. In about 4,000 BC,
The sailboat was first just a log
with a sail on it. Then about
2,700 years later, the sailboat
turned into a big ship with two
masts.

F. The wheels
Wheel.
In the latter part of their history,
**the Sumerians were able to
invent the
wheel since they specialized
tools needed to create it were
already available.
The first wheels were not made
for transportation but for farm
work and food processes. With
the use of the wheel and axle,
mass production was made
easier. **Farmers were able to
mill grains with less effort in less
time.

Circa 3,500 BC: The wheel was

invented. The wheel was first
invented to use as a potters
wheel. The wheel is important
because if Sumerians never
invented the wheel then we
would not of had the today and
we might not have been able to
ride in cars or ride a bike. Also,
we would not be able to move
heavy items.
G. Plow

Another farm technology

invented by the Mesopotamians
is the plow.
**Humans evolved from being
food gatherers to farm
cultivators.
**However, farmers needed a
technology which would enable
them to dig the ground where
seeds would be planted.
**The plow was invented to dig
the earth in a fasterpace. As the
plow breaks the ground, the
farmerwould just drop the
seeds and farm work would
already be done with these tool,
**farmers were able to cultivate
larger parcels of land more
quickly and were able to produce
massive food without too much
effort and time.

Circa 3,000 BC: The plow was

created. The plow was an Ox
with a digging stick hooked on to
it. It was an important invention
because if it was not invented it
would take way longer to dig
holes by digging with just a
regular digging stick than an ox
with a digging sick attached to it.
I think that if the Sumerians didn't
invent the plow and it still wasn't
invented that we would have a
really hard time digging enough
holes for the crop's seeds and
being able to harvest them in
time because of the weather.
H. Roads
In order to facilitate faster and
easier travel,
**the Sumerians developed the
first roads. .**They paved roads
using sundried bricks. They later
poured bitumen, a black sticky
substance similar to asphalt, to
smoothen the road.
With this work, the flow of traffic
became faster and more
organized

4000 BC in and around the Indus

Valley and
the Indian subcontinent.
Sumerians paved roads using
their bricks and bitumen. Ancient
timber roads have also been
found in England. The advent of
the Roman empire necessitated
great roads for quick travel.
These —Roman roads ", first
constructed around 300 BC,
were often stone-paved with
crushed stone underneath for
drainage