What are the challenges of integrating ethical rules with the new

technology?
Most Important Ethical Issues in Technology
 Misuse of Personal Information. ...
 Misinformation and Deep Fakes. ...
 Lack of Oversight and Acceptance of Responsibility. ...
 Use of AI. ...
 Autonomous Technology. ...
 Respect for Employees and Customers. ...
 Moral Use of Data and Resources. ...
 Responsible Adoption of Disruptive Tech.

Ethical challenges[edit]
Ethical challenges arise in many different situations:

 Human knowledge processes

 Workplace discrimination
 Strained work-life balance in technologically enhanced work environments: Many people find
that simply having the technology allowing one to do work while at home increases stress levels.
In a recent study 70% of respondents said that since technology, work has crept into their
personal lives.[23]
 Digital divide: Inequalities in information access for parts of the population
 Unequal opportunities for scientific and technological development[further explanation needed]
 Norris says access to information and knowledge resources within a knowledge society tend to
favour the economically privileged who have greater access to technological tools needed to
access information and knowledge resources disseminated online and the privatization of
knowledge[24]
 Inequality in terms of how scientific and technological knowledge is developed around the globe.
Developing countries do not have the same opportunities as developed countries to invest in
costly large-scale research and expensive research facilities and instrumentation
 Organizational responsibility and accountability issues
 Intellectual property ownership issues[25]
 Information overload: Information processing theory asserts that working memory that has a
limited capacity and too much information can lead to cognitive overload resulting in loss of
information from short-term memory[6]
 Knowledge society is intertwined with changing technology requiring new skills of its workforce.
Cutler says that there is the perception that older workers lack experience with new technology
and that retaining programs may be less effective and more expensive for older workers. Cascio
says that there is a growth of virtual organizations. Saetre & Sornes say that it is a blurring of the
traditional time and space boundaries has also led to many cases in the blurring of work and
personal life[6][verification needed]
 Negative impacts of many scientific and technological innovations have on humans and the
environment has led to some skepticism and resistance to increasing dependence on
technology within the Knowledge Society. Doucet calls for city empowerment to have the
courage and foresight to make decisions that are acceptable to its inhabitants rather that
 succumb to global consumer capitalism and the forces of international corporations on national
and local governments[6][verification needed]
 Scientific and technological innovations that have transformed organizational life within a global
economy have also supplanted human autonomy and control in work within a technologically
oriented workplace
 The persuasive potential of technology raises the question of "how sensitive ... designers and
programmers [should] be to the ethics of the persuasive technology they
design."[26] Technoethics can be used to determine the level of ethical responsibility that should
be associated with outcomes of the use of technology, whether intended or unintended
 Rapidly changing organizational life and the history of unethical business practices have given
rise to public debates concerning organizational responsibility and trust. The advent of virtual
organizations and increase in remote work has bolstered ethical problems by providing more
opportunities for fraud and the production of misinformation. Concerted efforts are required to
uphold ethical values in advancing new knowledge and tools within societal relations which do
not exclude people or limit liberties of some people at the expense of others [6]
 Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence seems to be the one of the most talked of challenges
when it comes ethics. In order to avoid these ethical challenges some solutions have been
established; first and for most it should be developed for the common good and benefit of
humanity.[27] Secondly, it should operate on principles of intelligibility and fairness. [27] It should
also not be used to diminish the data rights or privacy of individuals, families, or communities.
[27]
It is also believed that all citizens should have the right to be educated on artificial intelligence
in order to be able to understand it.[27] Finally, the autonomous power to hurt, destroy, or deceive
humans should never be vested in artificial intelligence

We can explain the difference between ethics in general and professional ethics in terms of
four distinctions.

1. Need. The need for ethics in the professions (law, medicine, accounting, etc.) is
grounded in a) the knowledge asymmetry between professionals and their clients
(which puts clients in jeopardy if professionals don’t behave ethically) and b) the
fact that professionals typically enjoy some sort of legal monopoly on a field of
practice (e.g., only lawyers are allowed to offer legal advice) which means that
clients can’t always “just go somewhere else” if treated badly.
2. Source. Ethics in general is (for practical purposes) determined by society as a
whole, through a complex interaction between tradition and sophisticated
argumentation by opinion leaders. Professional ethics includes a set of rules
decided upon very intentionally by a subset of members of the profession (people
working for or with the licensing organization) and written down into a
professional code.
3. Content. Obviously the scope of “ethics in general” is enormously broad, covering
literally everything about which we generally have opinions of right and wrong.
Professional ethics tends to be focused on what the professional owes to society,
to clients, and to fellow professionals. Also, professional ethics is in many ways
more demanding than general ethics. Professionals are generally required to put
the good of society, and of their clients/patients, above their own well-being. In
 general ethics, we typically think that sort of behaviour is heroic, rather than being
required.
4. Consequences. The consequences of unethical behaviour for most people is that
other people will think less of you, or perhaps refuse to be your friend or do
business with you. The consequences of unethical behaviour by a professional can
include suspension or even loss of their license to practice their profession.

Question 4
ADVANTAGES
Cost Effectiveness
There will be no lunchbreaks, holidays, sick leave or shift time allocated for robotic
automation. It can be set to work on a repetitive cycle, and as long as it is maintained
correctly, it will continue to do so until programmed otherwise. This eliminates the risk
of RSI occurring.
The increase in production at a lower cost produces obvious benefits for any
manufacturer. The cost of investment can be recovered in a relatively short space of
time and the gains from that point onwards are exponential to say the least.

Improved Quality Assurance

Few workers enjoy doing repetitive tasks and after a certain period of time concentration
levels will naturally decline. This lapse in concentration is known as vigilance
decrement and can often lead to costly errors for the business and sometimes serious
injury to the member of staff.
Robotic automation eliminates these risks by accurately producing and checking items
meet the required standard without fail. With more product going out the door
manufactured to a higher standard, this creates a number of new business possibilities
for companies to expand upon.

Increased Productivity
Using robotic automation to tackle repetitive tasks makes complete sense. Robots are
designed to make repetitive movements. Humans, also by design, are not. The
introduction of automation into your manufacturing process has many
different productivity benefits, some of which are shown here.
Giving staff members the opportunity to expand on their skills and work in other areas
will create a better environment which the business as a whole will benefit from. With
higher energy levels and more focus put into their work, the product can only improve,
which will also lead to extremely satisfied clients.

There are several different calculators available for calculating the productivity of your
processes which are available to download from the resources section of our website.
Work In Hazardous Environments
Aside from potential injuries in the workplace, staff members in particular industries can
be asked to work in unstable or dangerous environments. For example, if a high level of
chemicals are present, robotic automation offers the ideal solution, as it will continue to
work without harm.

Production areas that require extremely high or low temperatures typically have a high
turnover of staff due to the nature of the work. Automated robots can minimise material
waste and remove the need for humans to put themselves at unnecessary risk.

DISADVANTAGES
Potential Job Losses
One of the biggest concerns surrounding the introduction of robotic automation is the
impact of jobs for workers. If a robot can perform at a faster, more consistent rate, then
the fear is that humans may not be needed at all. While these worries are
understandable, they are not really accurate.

The same was said during the early years of the industrial revolution, and as history has
showed us, humans continued to play an essential role. Amazon are a great example of
this. The employment rate has grown rapidly during a period where they have gone
from using around 1,000 robots to over 45,000.

Initial Investment Costs

This is typically the biggest obstacle that will decide whether or not a company will
invest in robotic automation, or wait until a later stage. A comprehensive business case
must be built when considering the implementation of this technology. The returns can
be substantial and quite often occur within a short space of time. However, the cash
flow must be sustainable in the meantime and the stability of the company is by no
means worth the risk if the returns are only marginal. Yet, in most instances there will be
a repayment schedule available, which makes it a lot easier to afford and control
finances. Our downloadable automation payback calculator also has a finance scheme
option so you can see how this would work for you.
Increased throughput and reduction in defects both need to be considered along with
the capital expenditure when deciding whether or not there is a business case for
investment. Intangible benefits also need to be considered, and we have created
an intangible benefits downloadable calculator to help you with this.

Hiring Skilled Staff

Over the past decade manufacturers have found it harder to source skilled staff
members to fill the specialised roles in their factories. The introduction of automation
adds another layer to that conundrum as the robots require programming and a
knowledge of how to operate them. In reality, this opens up further opportunities for
existing employees to be trained and expand their own skill set. An automation
company can assist with the initial installation and set-up process, and with the right
expertise, staff can learn and adapt to manage the robots in the long-term.

Advantages of industrial robots

1. Better quality and consistency
Along with other tech — such as the industrial internet of things (IIoT) or 3D printing robots —
industrial robots are able to provide better production quality and more precise and reliable
processes. Added benefits also include reduced cycle times and real-time monitoring to improve
preventive maintenance practices.

2. Maximum productivity and throughput

An industrial robot increases speed for manufacturing processes, in part by operating 24/7.
Robots don’t need breaks or shift changes. The speed and dependability of robots ultimately
reduces cycle time and maximizes throughput.

3. Greater safety
Using robots for repetitive tasks means fewer risks of injury for workers, especially when
manufacturing has to take place under hostile conditions. In addition, supervisors can oversee the
process online or from a remote location.

4. Reduced direct labor costs

The cost of having a person handle many manufacturing operations is often more expensive than
robot. This can also free up workers so their skills and expertise can be used in other business
areas, such as engineering, programming and maintenance.

5. Keeping manufacturing in the U.S.

Some argue that robots are taking jobs away from U.S. workers, but that's not necessarily the
case. Industrial robots there are typically integrated into a series of operations that require human
expertise. For example, you could have a robot welding parts that are handed off to a person to
perform a task that requires a human's intuitive "if, then" thinking.

Disadvantages of industrial robots

1. High initial investment
Robots typically require a large upfront investment. As you research your business case for
purchasing, consider all the costs of industrial robots, including installation and configuration.
You should also evaluate whether your robot can be easily modified if you need to alter
operation in the future.

2. Expertise can be scarce

Industrial robots need sophisticated operation, maintenance and programming. While the number
of people with these skills are growing, it's currently limited. As a result, it's important to
consider the personnel investment you'll need to make to bring in that expertise or “retool” your
existing staff to take on the task.

3. Ongoing costs
While industrial robots may reduce some manufacturing labor costs, they do come with their
own ongoing expenses, such as maintenance. In addition, you’ll want to consider the costs to
keep your robot and any related IIoT connected devices protected from cyberthreats.