Equation of tangent and normal

1.

2. A curve has equation = ln( + 1) − . Find equation of the tangent at P(1, ).

3. Find the equation of tangent on the curve = √1 + 4 at p(2,3).

4. The tangent to the curve y = 3x3 + 2x2 – 5x + 1 at the point where x = –1 meets the y-axis at
the point A. (i) Find the coordinates of the point A.
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Small increment and Approximation

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19. A curve has the equation = ln x find the expression for Hence
(iii) Find the approximate increase in y as x increases from e to e + p, where p is small,

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21. The two variables x and y are related by the equation x2 = 800
(i) Obtain an expression for in terms of x.
(ii) Hence find the approximate change in y as x increases from 10 to 10 + p, where p is
small.

Related Rate of Change

22. Variables x and y are related by the equation y = 5x + 2 – 4e–x . Find Hence find the
approximate change in y when x increases from 0 to p, where p is small.
(b) A square of area A cm2 has a side of length x cm. Given that the area is increasing at a
constant rate of 0.5 cm2 s–1.find the rate of increase of x when A = 9.
23.

(ii) Find the approximate change in y as x decreases from 10 to 10 – p, where p is small,

(iii) Find the rate of change of x when x = 10, if y is changing at the rate of 3 units per second
at this instant.
24.

(ii) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point where the curve crosses the
x-axis.
A point (x, y) moves along the curve in such a way that the x-coordinate of the point is
increasing at a constant rate of 0.05 units per second.
(iii) Find the corresponding rate of change of the y-coordinate at the instant that y = 6.
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32. A curve has the =

(i) Find an expression for
(ii) Given that y is increasing at a rate of 0.2 units per second when x = – 0.5, find the
corresponding rate of change of x.

33. Given that = (i) find

(ii) the approximate change in y as x increases from 1 to 1 ! p, where p is small,
(iii) the rate of change of x at the instant when x # 1, given that y is changing at the rate of
0.12 units per second at this instant.

Higher Derivatives
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39. The diagram shows a cuboid with a rectangular base of sides x cm and 2x cm. The height
of the cuboid is y cm and its volume is 72 cm3
(i) Show that the surface area A cm2 of the cuboid is given by

(ii)Given that x can vary, find the dimensions of the cuboid

when A is a minimum.
(iii)Given that x increases from 2 to 2 + p, where p is small,
find, in terms of p, the corresponding approximate change
in A, stating whether this change is an increase or a decrease.

40a) Using an equilateral triangle of side 2 units,find the exact value of sin 60° and of cos60°.
(b) PQRS is a trapezium in which PQ = RS = x cm and
QR = y cm.Angle QPS = angle RSP = 60° and QR is parallel to PS.
(i)Given that the perimeter of the trapezium is 60 cm, express y in terms of x
(ii) Given that the area of the trapezium is A cm2, show that

(iii) Given that x can vary, find the value of x for which A has a stationary value and
determine the nature of this stationary value.

41. The diagram shows a solid object in the form of a

cylinder of height h cm and radius r cm on top of a
hemisphere of radius r cm. Given that the volume of the
object is 2880
(i) express h in terms of r,
(ii) show that the external surface area, , of the
object is given by

Given that r can vary,

(iii) find the value of r for which A has a stationary value,
(iv) find this stationary value of A, leaving your answer in terms of p,
(v) determine the nature of this stationary value.
42.
43.A curve has equation =
The curve has a stationary point at P.
(i) Find, in terms of e, the coordinates of P and determine the nature of this stationary point.
The normal to the curve at the point Q (1, e) meets the x-axis at R and the y-axis at S.
(ii) Find, in terms of e, the area of triangle ORS, where O is the origin.

44. The diagram shows a square PQRS of side 1 m. The points X and Y
lie on PQ and QR respectively such that = and = ,
where q is a constant such that q > 1.
(i) Given that the area of triangle SXY is A m2, show that
1
= (1 – + ).
2
(iii) Given that x can vary, show that = when A is a minimum
and express the minimum value of A in terms of q

45.A curve has the equation =

(i) Find the x-coordinate of the turning point of the curve.
(ii) Find the value of k for which . = (1 + )
(iii) Determine whether the turning point is a maximum or a minimum.

46. A piece of wire, of length 2 m, is divided into two pieces. One piece is bent to form a
square of side and the other is bent to form a circle of radius .
(i) Express r in terms of x and show that the total area, Am2, of the two shapes is given by

Given that x can vary, find

(ii) the stationary value of A,
(iii) the nature of this stationary value.
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49. A cuboid has a total surface area of 120 cm2. Its base measures x cm by 2x cm and its
height is h cm.
A cuboid has a total surface area of 120 cm2.
Its base measures x cm by 2x cm and its height is h cm.
(ii) show that = 40 – .
Given that x can vary,
(iii) show that V has a stationary value when ℎ =
50.