TURKISH LANGUAGE II

TURKISH LANGUAGE and LITERATURE

Under the Influence of Western Literature
 1. TANZIMAT PERIOD

The Tanzimat, literally meaning reorganization of

the Ottoman Empire, was a period of reformation
that began in 1839 and ended with the First
Constitutional Era in 1876.
 1. TANZIMAT PERIOD

The Tanzimat reforms were designed

• to modernize the empire
•to secure the territorial integrity against internal
nationalist movements and external aggressive powers.
 Tanzimat Period

• Changes brought to the language of literature

• Important figures: Namık Kemal, Şinasi, Abdulhak Hamit

and Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem.
New Literary Genres in this Period

• Novel • Criticism
• Story • Article
• Theatre • Essay etc.
SERVET-I FUNUN / FECR-I ATI / MILLI EDEBIYAT

Most of the roots of modern Turkish literature were formed between

1896 and 1923.

There were three primary literary movements during this period:

- Servet-i Funun “Wealth of Knowledge" movement
- Fecr-i Ati "Dawn of the Future" movement
- Milli Edebiyat "National Literature" movement
 2. SERVET-I FUNUN

Broadly, there were three primary literary movements during

this period:
• Under western influence
- the Servet-i Funun "New Literature" movement
- the Fecr-i Ati "Dawn of the Future" movement
- the Milli Edebiyat "National Literature" movement
• Important figures: Tevfik Fikret and Halit Ziya.
 3. FECR-I ATI

Broadly, there were three primary literary movements during

this period:
• opposed to the New Literature.
- the Servet-i Funun "New Literature" movement
- the Fecr-i Ati "Dawn of the Future" movement
- the Milli Edebiyat "National Literature" movement
• Important figure: Ahmet Haşim.
 4. MILLI EDEBIYAT

• Simplification in
Broadly, there
this period:
language
were three primary literary movements during

- the Servet-i Funun "New Literature" movement

• Subjects from Turkish culture and history
- the Fecr-i Ati "Dawn of the Future" movement
- the Milli Edebiyat "National Literature" movement
• Important figures: Ziya Gokalp, Omer Seyfettin,
Halide Edib, Reşat Nuri and Yakup Kadri.
 5. REPUCLICAN PERIOD

The Republican Literature

Broadly, there were three primaryemerged largely
literary movements during from the
pre-independence
this period: National Literature movement and
- the Servet-i Funun "New Literature" movement
has its roots simultaneously
- the Fecr-i Ati "Dawn of the Future"in the Turkish folk
movement
tradition- the
and Milli Edebiyat "National Literature" movement
in the Western notion of progress.
Important figures: Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, Sait
Faik, Necip Fazıl and Atilla İlhan.
 MEHMET AKIF ERSOY

Broadly, there were three primary literary movements during

• this period:
Mehmet Akif (1873-1936) was a poet,
- the Servet-i Funun "New Literature" movement
writer, academic, member
- the Fecr-i Ati ofFuture"
"Dawn of the parliament.
movement
- the Milli Edebiyat "National Literature" movement
• He is the author of the Turkish National
Anthem.
 Turkish National Anthem

Fear not! ForBroadly,

the crimson flag that
there were threeproudly waves movements
primary literary in these dawns,
duringshall never fade,
Before the last fiery
this hearth that is ablaze within my nation burns out.
period:
And that, is the star
- the of myFunun
Servet-i nation, and
"New it will forever
Literature" shine;
movement
It is mine; and- the Fecr-i
solely Ati "Dawn
belongs of the
to my Future" movement
nation.
- the Milli Edebiyat "National Literature" movement
Frown not, I beseech you, oh thou coy crescent,
But smile upon my heroic nation! Why the anger, why the rage?
The blood we shed for you will not be worthy otherwise;
For freedom is the absolute right of my God-worshipping nation.
 Turkish National Anthem

• The anthem was officially adopted in1921.

• The theme of the anthem is one of affection for

the Turkish homeland, freedom, and faith, as
well as praise for the virtues of hope, devotion,
and sacrifice in the pursuit of liberty.

Original Manuscript
An example of a common classroom display
in Turkey including the anthem at far right
Thank you for listening!