Sizing

Prepared By:
Burhan Uddin Banna
Lecturer, NITER
Sizing:
• The process of applying a protective adhesive coating upon
the yarns surface is called sizing.
• This is the most important operation to attain maximum
weaving efficiency especially for blended and filament yarns.
• Due to sizing increases elasticity of yarn, yarn strength, weight
of the yarn, smoothness, frictional resistance.
Objects of Sizing:
1. To improve the weave ability of warp yarn.
2. To maintain good fabric quality by reducing hairiness,
weakness and by increasing smoothness, strength of yarn.
3. To increase the tensile or breaking strength for cellulose
yarn.
4. To increase the elasticity.
5. To remove the projecting fibres.
6. To reduce electrostatic formation for synthetic or blended
yarn.
Properties of yarn after sizing or sized
yarn properties:
Due to Sizing there is a change in different properties of yarn
as-
• Elasticity of yarn: Higher.
• Yarn strength: Higher.
• Frictional resistance: Increase.
• Hairiness: Lower.
• Flexibility: Lower.
• Smoothness: Higher.
• Absorbency: Lower.
• Weakness: Lower.
• Yarn diameter: Higher.
• Weight of the yarn: Higher.
• Static electricity: Lower.
Size Ingredients and their function:

• Adhesive:
• Generally starch of maize, corn, potato, sago, Carboxy Methyl Cellulose
(CMC), PVC, PVA.
• Used for:
▫ To improve strength.
▫ To increase smoothness.
▫ To increase elasticity and stiffness.
▫ Reduce extension percentage.
▫ Impart adhesion.
• Lubricant or Softener:
• Japan wax, Tallow, Linseed oil, Coconut oil, Animal fats, Mineral
oils , TRO, Soap.
• Used for:
▫ To make the yarn soft and slippery.
▫ To smoothen the yarn .
▫ To reduce stiffness.
▫ Reduce flexibility and friction.
• Antiseptic or Anti-mildew Agent:
• Carboxylic acid, Salicylic acid, ZnCl2, Phenol.
• Used for:
▫ To prevent mildew formation.
▫ To preserve size material for a long time.
▫ To help to store the sized yarn.
▫ To protect yarn from bacteria or fungus.
• Hygroscopic Agents:
• Magnesium chloride, Calcium chloride, Glycerin.
• Used for:
▫ To moisture the yarn.
▫ To prevent excessive drying of yarn.
• Weighting agent:
• China clay, Sodium Sulphate, French chalk.
• Used for:
▫ To increase the weight of yarn during finishing .
▫ To impart fullness and feel to the fabric.
▫ To prevent opening of cloth.
• Tinting agent: Blue is used.
• Used for:
▫ To increase the brightness and remove yellowish color of yarn .
▫ To prevent dusting off.
▫ To form a particular shade.
• Wetting agent:
• Sulphanol, soap, Magnesium chloride.
▫ To increase size exhaust.
▫ To obtain a uniform distribution of the sizing solution.
• Antifoaming agent: Pyridine, Benzene.
• Used for —to prevent foam formation.
Types of sizing:
• Pure sizing:
• When sizing is done in yarn which produces unbleached fabric is
called pure sizing.
• Size ingredients are used on the weight of yarn 7 to 10%.
• Light sizing:
• This is used for dyeing and printing.
• 11 to 15 %sizing ingredients are used on the weight of yarn.
• Medium sizing :
• For increasement of strength and weight of the yarn 16 to 40%
sizing ingredients are used on the weight of yarn.
• Heavy sizing:
• To increase weight of the yarn its application on twisted yarn and
lower count of yarn.
• Above 40% sizing ingredients are used on the weight of yarn.
Different Techniques Of Sizing

• Hot melt sizing.

• Solvent sizing.
• Foam sizing.
• High-pressure sizing.
• Electrostatic sizing.
• Emulsion sizing.
• Combined sizing.
• Conventional sizing.