UNIVERSITE Constantine 2 2023 -2024

1ére année ingenieur Analyse1

SERIE TD 1
Nombre réel
Exercise 1 : Show that the sum of a rational number and an irrational number is a

Irrational number.(r∈ ℚ ,𝛼 ∉ ℚ ⟹ 𝑟 + 𝛼 ∉ ℚ)

Exercise2: Show that the set

X={𝑟 ∈ ℚ /𝑟 2 < 2} has no upper bound

Exercise 3 :Let A and B be two non-empty parts of ℝ

1) A is bounded

-A ={−𝑥,𝑥 ∈ 𝐴} show that (-A) is bound and sup(-A) =-inf(A ) , inf(-A) = -sup(A)

2) suppose that B is bounded

Show that if A ⊊ B then A is bounded and that supA ≤ sup B ; inf 𝐴 ≥ inf 𝐵

Exercise 4: For each of the following sets, determine the upper bound M, the
Lower bound m ,the supermum sup and infimum inf ; the maximum max ,and the
minimum min . If they exist from the following sets (justifying, if Necessary, your
answers using the characterization of the upper and lower bounds).
1) 𝐴1]−1,2[; 𝐴2 = [1, √2] ∩ ℚ ; 𝐴3]−1,4] ∪ {3,5}
1 𝑛 1 𝑛 2𝑛𝜋
2) 𝐴4 ={ + 𝑂𝑅 − , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ} ,𝐴5 = {𝑠𝑖𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ ℤ}
2 2𝑛+1 2 2𝑛+1 7
𝑥 √2 ∗}
3) 𝐴6 = { ,𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ , 𝐴7 = {𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽 ,𝑥 ∈ [−2,1[ ; (𝛼, 𝛽) ∈ ℝ2 }
𝑥 2 +1

Exercise 5: For x, y ∈ ℝ, show that:

1) |𝒙 + 𝒚| ≤ |𝒙| + |𝒚|
2) ||𝒙| − |𝒚|| ≤ |𝒙 − 𝒚|
 ∣𝒙+𝒚∣ ∣𝒙∣ ∣𝒚∣
𝟑) ≤ +
𝟏+∣𝒙+𝒚∣ 𝟏+∣𝒙∣ 𝟏+∣𝒚∣

4) x≤ 𝒚 ⟹E(x)≤ 𝑬(𝒚)

𝟓)∀ n∈ ℕ :E(x+n)=E(x)+n

6) [𝒙] + [𝒚] ≤ [𝒙 + 𝒚] ≤ [𝒙] + [𝒚] + 𝟏

𝟏
7) 𝑬( 𝑬(𝒏𝒙))=E(x)
𝒏

Exercise 6 :Let A⊊ ℝ ,A≠ ∅ :A is bounded

We note B={𝒁 = |𝒙 − 𝒚|, (𝒙, 𝒚) ∈ 𝑨𝟐 } show that set B is upper bound

And supB =supA –infA .

Propriety : use the following propriety to solve the previous exercises

1) A ⊂ B ,A and B bounded ⇒supA ≤ supB et infA ≥ infB

2) A et B bounded ⇒ A∪B is bounded , sup(A∪B)=max (supA, supB) and

inf(A∪B)=min (infA, infB)

3) sup (−A)=−infA et inf (−A)=−supA

4) A.B ={a = x.y ,x ∈ A, y ∈ B}} , sup(A.B)=supA. SupB and

inf(AB)=infA. InfB

5) A+B = {a = x+y,x ∈ A,y ∈ B} ; sup(A+B)=supA +supB and

inf(A+B)=infA +infB

Additional exercise

Exercice1 : Show That

1) ∀𝒙, 𝒚 ⋲ ℝ -ℤ ; [-x]=-[x]-1
 𝟏
2) ∀𝒏 ∈ ℕ∗ √𝒏 + 𝟏 − √𝒏 ≤ ≤ √𝒏 − √𝒏 − 𝟏
𝟐 √𝒏

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
And calculate E( (𝟏 + + + ⋯…+ ).
𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟑 √𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

Exercise2 Show the supermum sup and infimum inf ; the maximum max ,and the minimum
min . If they exist from the following sets (justifying, if Necessary, your answers using the
characterization of the upper and lower bounds).

1) A={−1; −2; 3; 10; 50; −6}

2) B=[−2; 6[ ;C=]-∞ ;-3] ;D=[1 ;20[ ;E=]-4 ;+∞[ .
1+3𝑛 1 3𝑛 1 3𝑛
3) E={ ; n≥ 2} ; F={− + ; 𝑛 ⋲ ℕ∗ } ; ; G={− − ; 𝑛 ⋲ ℕ∗ }
𝑛−1 2 𝑛+1 2 𝑛+1
1 (−1)𝑛
4) H={ + ; 𝑛 ∈ ℕ∗ }
𝑛 𝑛+1
1
5) I= {-3x+1 ;x⋲[-2 ;1[ }Tapez une équation ici.; J ={𝑥 2 + ; 𝑥 ⋲ ℝ∗ } ;
𝑥2
6) J={-𝑥 2 +2x ;x⋲]1 ;2[ }

Exercice3 : A is bounded in ℝ+
𝟏
1)- B= { , 𝒙 ∈ 𝑨}
𝑿

C= {√𝒙, x⋲A}
𝟏
D= {𝟏−𝒙 , 𝒙 ∈ 𝑨}

E= {x⋲ℝ+ ,a𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃 ∈ 𝑨 ,a⋲ℝ+ et b⋲ ℝ− }

Show sup ,inf of B,C,D,E