Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Continuing Education
Continuing Education
INTRODUCTION:
DEFINITION:
“Continuing education is all the learning activities that occurs after an individual
has completed his basic education” – Copper
FEATURES:
Unified approach
Relationship with other systems
Comprehensiveness
Accessibility for women health workers.
Integration with the management process.
Analysis of needs as a basis for learning continuity.
Internally coordinated.
Relevance in planning
Credibility and economic
Appropriateness in implementation
To ensure safe and effective nursing care, nurses need to keep abreast with
interest, knowledge and technical advances.
To meet the needs of population and should cater to the needs of services.
Development of nurses will occur by updating their knowledge and prepare them
for specialization for career advancement.
Professional roles are entered as society changes and as new knowledge and
technologies emerge.
If the nursing professional is to respond effectively to the challenge of developing
wise leadership and competent practitioners, current social changes must be
recognized and future one foresees.
To acquire specialized skills of personnel and meet technological adjuncts.
Clinical specialists are needed for direct patient care and for teaching and consultative
e roles to help the students and staff nurses to reach higher levels of competency.
Nurses with research aptitudes and preparation are needed.
Nurses in administrations positions need to increase their understanding of the
administrative process and to design effective method of minimizing the
contribution of individuals helps to provide nursing services to patient.
Nursing functions requires a high degree of skill knowledge, competence and
educational preparation.
The demand for specialized nursing services is increasing more rapidly.
Planned programmes are need to increase their competences as practitioners.
Needs for additional preoperational preparation for the positions are already
holding as to prepare themselves for other positions.
If provides opportunities for educational growth compatible with the realities
of both with situation and the home responsibilities.
In the world, scientific, advancement, technology innovations, social changes
are occurring rapid and new pattern of health care changes in the role
expectations of all health care personnel are emerging to meet these needs and
demands qualify nurses are essential.
To maintain their roles as bedside nurses and assume more supervisor,
administrative and delegated medical functions to specialize and to generalize
their practice continuing nursing education is essential.
It is needed for the nurses who wish to help shapes their own destiny.
To provide and prepare faculty who see continuing nursing education as a
personal responsibility as well as professional and university responsibility.
To provide a variety of continuing nursing education opportunities of high
quality to nurse in both education and service changes.
FUNCTIONS:
PHILOSOPHY:
Individual nurses are responsible for their own learning and should participate in
the identification of their own learning needs to meet these identified needs.
Providers of continuing nursing education must have a commitment to involve
learners in the learning process from the initial stages of planning through the evaluation
of organized learning experiences.
Continuing nursing education should be provided in a well planned organized
educational environment.
Strong support and leadership is expected from all groups providing continuing
education.
Continuing nursing education should assist individual practitioners on the
continued acquisition of knowledge the extension of professional responsibilities laities,
the expansion of interpersonal skills and the improvement of problem soling approach to
professional practice.
Continuing nursing education should serve as a viable means of improving the
professional competence.
Continuing nursing education should include such important concerns as quality
of life and the understanding of the current health problems of modern society.
Continuing nursing education is concerned with the development of the nurses as
a person practitioner and a citizen.
ELEMENTS:
1. LEARNER:
As a person, as a nurse and as a citizen continuing education is seen as totality it
recognizes all three aspects of life long learning.
Diversity is a part of learning process and contributes to the development of the
individual so the teacher has to make the learner to involve in nursing and non nursing
courses.
The learner in his life plays many different role, so continuing education should be
focused on all the elements.
It also aims as self directed learning.
2. TEACHER/NURSE EDUCATOR:
He has to accept the concept of life long learning and he encourage nurse to
participate different types of educational activities.
Education must be aware of sources of information about related continuing
education activities.
Teacher’s task is to help the student how to learn, how to approach situation how
to interpret and takes action and evaluate the effectiveness of his action.
Teacher must help the learner to discover new approaches and potential
developments in the field.
Teacher should act as a role model teacher is a guide in the learning process
assist. Wherever appropriate, encourages the activities that promotes, individual thought
Creative teaching is essential its has to show interest and concern for every
number of his class.
The continuing educator has to play multiple rules like, guide and counselor to the
learner.
An arranger and organize of learning experiences.
Motivator and an encourage of students.
Evaluater of programems.
Involving resources experts for teaching the students.
Producing instructional materials.
Select and evaluate materials prepared by others.
Administrative role.
Public relations role to change the image of nursing and in recognizing the
contributions and potentials of nurses.
1. EDUCATIONAL PREPERATION:
Master’s degree in his area of nursing expertise or with a doctorate in adult
education.
Credentials with more publications.
Writing and organizing skills.
A continuing learner.
Clinical expertisedness.
Depth of nursing knowledge and skill in its application.
Interest in the subject, enthusiasm in teaching.
Skill in working with adult learners.
Adequate knowledge about teaching skills and methods of teaching.
Broad base knowledge.
4. MOTIVATION OF LEARNER:
Internal motivation ie, the personal needs desire to learn is more effective than
external incentives like certificates, grades, credits, etc, expand learning opportunity for
nurses which required in their work experience is needed to be motivated.
The truly motivated person will learn without external requirements being placed
upon him.
He learns because he has a need for the knowledge.
For the motivated learner, difficulties encountered in the process are been as
challenges not as obstacles.
5. INVOLVEMENT IN THE LEARNING PROCESS:
Learner has to participate in the learning process learning depends upon the
student himself learning can be done only by the learner. It depends up on the effort put
forth by the learner.
Learner also involved more directly on programme planning and in the conduct of
courses and decided which educational experiences and the activities are most suitable to
him.
7. THE NEEDS OF SOCIETY
Quality of life and needs of society influences the learning needs of the nurses.
The critical issues facing society can be met by a concerned well informed citizen who
are willing to devote thought, time and energy to their solution. Adequate preparation for
participation approach is essential for continuing nursing education.
8. UNIVERSALISATION:
9. THE LEISURE:
The individual has to learn how to use leisure time constructively, participate in
more educational activities.
For the effective human practice requires practitioners with the insight
understanding and attitudes which can be fulfilled through liberal education.
Educational programmes now include course content open to all those various
health fields. Nurses have to accept and participate interdisciplinary continuing education.
PRINCIPLES:
STEPS IN FORMULATION:
PLANNING:
A successful continuing nursing education programme is the result of careful and
detailed planning.
Broad planning by institution and agency responsible for continuing nursing
education.
Planning is essential to:
Meet the nursing needs use available resources.
Meet needs at all levels.
Avoid duplication and fragmentation efforts.
Help keep at a minimum any gaps in meeting the continuing education needs of
nurses.
The selection of teaching factually may depend up on the availability of the
persons rather than his exercise as lunching ability planning is an ongoing process, the
rapid technologic advances and proliferation of knowledge demands continuous planning
to meet ever changing learning needs.
PLANNING PROCESS:
Planning moves towards goals which are significant and realistic which can be
attained. Goals serve to stimulate and direct action and should be reachable.
An objective is specific, it is a desired and or accomplishment to be sought.
OBJECTIVES:
To assist the nurse in identifying and meeting current learning needs and those
need generated by changing professional practice.
Faculty, finances and facilities may be seen as the major resources required for a
continuing nursing education programme.
A broad survey of the major resources are necessary to the total continuing
nursing education programme planning involves deciding up on the resources necessary
to the activity and adequate financial support appropriate faculty, facilities with easy
accessibility space and necessary equipment required to conduct offering.
2) Proposal abstract
3) Proposal Narrative
a) A statement of objectives
Describe the nature of problem
Document existence of problem with appropriate dates.
Describe the existing efforts to solve problem or crate opportunity.
Define target group.
State goals of project
b. Procedure:
Describe phases or sequences of procedures
Describe work performed at each stage and duration.
Show how work will be organized.
c) Facilities Requires
d) Resources that will be tapped
4) Budget Narrative:
Explain each budgetary item
Criteria and data used to make estimate
Break down of budgetary Materials where appropriate
5) Appendices:
Statement out longing qualifications of institution requesting funds.
Vitae of personnel involved.
Supporting statements from co-operating individuals or agencies.
ORGANISATION:
Programming of professional course in nursing is a joint responsibility of a
director of continuing nursing education and a dean of school of nursing university
faculty may be assigned to continuing education in nursing as a part of the regular
teaching load or an extra compensation basis.
EVALUATION:
EVALUATE THE RESULTS AT STATED INTERVALS:
Evaluation is a needde to assess the effectiveness of the programme or the
progress in order to find out to what extent pre set goals have been achieved. Evaluation
should be done at various stages of the programme.
Eg: Preparatory stage, implementation stage, the impact of programmes, the
process of programme operation, the management systems, efforts and performance
evaluation.
Evaluation should cover.
The growth and satisfaction of participants.
The outcome course and the whole programme, or activity or task.
Effectiveness of faculty members.
Transfer of knowledge.
Effect on the system.
There are some of the method for evaluation they are:
Pre test and post lest.
Attitude test
Observation of skills.
Questionnaire
Audio and Video tapes
PURPOSES OF EVALUATION:
- To identify the area which require greater attention.
- To identify bottle necks in various activities carried out during the operation of
the programme.
- To assess the applicability of training in field or actual situation.
CONCLUSION: