Pre-reading:

Task 1: Match each picture with its label

A- The Casbah of Algiers. B- Banu Hammads’ Qalaa (M’sila). C- Tassili n’Ajjer (Tamanrasset).
D-Timgad (Batna). E- The Mzab Valley (Ghardaia). F- Djemila (Setif). G- Tipaza

1……………………….. 2………………….. 3..................................... 4.......................................

5…………………………… 6…………………………… 7………………………..

The pictures represent :...............................................................
While Reading
Task 01: Match each idea with its corresponding paragraph.
idea paragraph
a- The Ottoman heritage in Algiers. §1
b- The history and historic significance of Casbah in Algiers. §2
c- Algeria is the richest North African country in prehistoric heritage. §3
d- The Tassili N’Ajjer is the most prestigious prehistoric Saharan site. §4

Task 2: Read the text below and say whether these statements are true or false:
a- Algeria has little access to the Mediterranean sea and to the Sahara. …………….
b- The Tassili n’Ajjer contains many traces of the Phoenician and the Roman civilizations. …………..
c- So much merchandise was transited through Algiers during the Phoenician and the Roman periods. ....

Task 03 : Answer the following questions :

a- What is the historical effect of the Algerian access to the Mediterranean and the Sahara ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..............
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b- Why did Algiers have less influence on international commerce as compared with other maritime cities ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................................
...............……………………. ...............................................................................................................................
c- Did the Ottomans leave their traces on the city of Algiers ? Justify.
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Task 3: Complete the following table with information from the text
word Comparative form Superlative form
many .............................. ..............
.................. .................................. the fewest
.................. less .... .......than .......................
After reading

Task : Summarize the text in your own words

.......................................................................................................................................................
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 Unit 1: Ancient Civilizations Sequence II: Read and consider

No country in North Africa has as much access to the Mediterranean and the Sahara as
Algeria. That made it open to many ancient civilizations which made of it one of the richest countries
in terms of heritage sites as Tipaza, Djemila, Tassilin’Ajjer, Timgad, the M’zab Valley, and the Qalaa
of Banu Hammad.

First, the Tassilin’Ajjer has the most prestige. It has more rock paintings and engravings than
any other prehistoric Saharan sites and it contains the most remains of the prehistoric civilizations.
They brought as much information as we need to know that the Algerian Sahara was one of the
cradles of civilization. It had as few exchanges with the Phoenician and the Roman civilizations as
the other Saharan sites. That’s why it contains the fewest traces of these ancient civilizations.

In the North of Algeria, the Casbah of Algiers undoubtedly holds the most important position
among the historic sites. There is little knowledge about its earliest times, when it was founded by the
Phoenicians as one of their trading posts, it was known to the Carthaginians and the Romans as
Icosium. Emir Bulughin had rebuilt the town into an important trading port called Al-Jaza’ir until then,
Algiers had less influence on international commerce than the other Algerian maritime cities because
it had fewer harbors. Therefore, despite the fact that it was considered a trading post by both
Phoenicians and Romans, only the least amount of merchandise transited through it.

After the Turkish Baba Aruj brothers had gained control of the city in 1516, Algiers thrived as a
relatively independent city under the nominal control of the Ottoman Empire. This was reflected on its
architecture by building mosques, palaces similar to those in Asia Minor and erecting the famous
white-washed military fortification known as the Casbah the heart of the city of Algiers

Unit 1: Ancient Civilizations Sequence II: Read and consider

No country in North Africa has as much access to the Mediterranean and the Sahara as
Algeria. That made it open to many ancient civilizations which made of it one of the richest countries
in terms of heritage sites as Tipaza, Djemila, Tassilin’Ajjer, Timgad, the M’zab Valley, and the Qalaa
of Banu Hammad.

First, the Tassilin’Ajjer has the most prestige. It has more rock paintings and engravings than
any other prehistoric Saharan sites and it contains the most remains of the prehistoric civilizations.
They brought as much information as we need to know that the Algerian Sahara was one of the
cradles of civilization. It had as few exchanges with the Phoenician and the Roman civilizations as
the other Saharan sites. That’s why it contains the fewest traces of these ancient civilizations.

In the North of Algeria, the Casbah of Algiers undoubtedly holds the most important position
among the historic sites. There is little knowledge about its earliest times, when it was founded by the
Phoenicians as one of their trading posts, it was known to the Carthaginians and the Romans as
Icosium. Emir Bulughin had rebuilt the town into an important trading port called Al-Jaza’ir until then,
Algiers had less influence on international commerce than the other Algerian maritime cities because
it had fewer harbors. Therefore, despite the fact that it was considered a trading post by both
Phoenicians and Romans, only the least amount of merchandise transited through it.

After the Turkish Baba Aruj brothers had gained control of the city in 1516, Algiers thrived as a
relatively independent city under the nominal control of the Ottoman Empire. This was reflected on its
architecture by building mosques, palaces similar to those in Asia Minor and erecting the famous
white-washed military fortification known as the Casbah the heart of the city of Algiers.