Assessment One

Basic Demography Data and Analysis

For
Queensland, Rockhampton, Livingstone, Banana and Gladstone
GEOG19029
Applied Demography
Jiaping Wu
Rachael-Lyn Anderson
12143136
Due date: 29th April 2021, Term 1

1
Introduction
This paper will present an analysis of the demographic data collected from the 2011 and 2016
census, focusing on five spatial areas. These areas include the state of Queensland, and four
local government areas (LGA) of Rockhampton, Livingstone, Banana, and Gladstone. The
data that will be presented in this paper are population change, crude average population
growth or decline, population density, gender and dependency ratios, and population
doubling or halving time. Basic calculations of this data can be found in Appendix A. Part A
of this report will analyse and discuss each piece of data, focusing on the similarities and
differences of each spatial area. Part B will analysis age-gender of each spatial area, using the
data collected from the 2016 Census. This data will be presented in an age-gender pyramid,
which will also be analysed and discussed. The importance for the analysis of this
demographic data is to identify, compare and understand population issues and trends within
the spatial areas.

Figure 1: Map of Queensland, Illustrating the Statistical divisions

Source: Pink, 2011.

Figure 2: Maps of Spatial Areas, illustrating the location of Rockhampton, Livingstone,
Banana and Gladstone.

2
 Livingstone(s

Rockhampton(r

Gladstone(r)

Banana(s)

Source: ABS,n.d
Figure 2 is a map of the statistical division of Queensland; it provides a magnified view of the
region and provides the location of the LGAs located within Queensland. Rockhampton,
Livingstone, Gladstone, and Banana can be identified with boxes on their whereabouts.
Rockhampton, Livingstone, and Gladstone are vast regions with dense network of towns and
cities bound together through commuting and social linkages. These regions are situated near
one another (Rowland, 2003). Banana is a rural inland region.
Better to discuss the location of the region in the state and its regional economy, which will
affect the characteristics of the populations.

PART A: Data Analysis

Table 1: Population Change for Spatial Areas, 2011 – 2016

2011 2016 Absolute % Change
Population Population Change
Queensland 4,457,911 4,845,152 8.7% increase
387241
Rockhampton 61,724 81,332 19 068 32% increase
(R)
Livingstone(S) 32,520 36, 950 4, 430 14.05% increase
Banana(S) 14,456 14,570 114 0.78% increase

3
 Gladstone (R) 57,891 63,017 5,126 8.8% increase
Data Source: Profile id, n.d, ABS,2011a-e; ABS, 2016a-e.
After analysing the data presented in Table 1, it can be observed that population collected
from the 2011 and 2016 Census shows a general population increase in all spatial areas,
expect for Banana. Out of all the areas, Rockhampton had the largest population change with
a 32% increase, making it the fastest growing spatial area. (why? Better to try to explain it)
Livingstone has a steady increase of 14.1%, while Queensland and Gladstone had relatively
small but similar population increase. Banana had the smallest population increase of 0.78%.

Figure 3: Crude Average Annual Population Growth or Decline 2011-2016

Crude Average Annual Population

Growth or Decline 2011-2016
3.5
3.2
3
Rate Growth or Decline %

2.5

1.5 1.4

1 0.9 0.9

0.5
0.09
0
Queensland Rockhampton Livingstone Banana Gladstone

Data Source: Profile ID, n.d; ABS, 20011a-e; ABS, 20016a-e.

The CAAPG rate in this figure is wrongly calculated. It should be the number in last
column in above table divides by 5.

Queensland 1.74
Rockhampton (R) 6.4
Livingstone(S) 2.81
Banana(S) 0.156
Gladstone (R) 1.76

Figure 3 is column graph depicting the crude average annual population growth or decline for
each spatial area between 2011 and 2016. The data required to calculate this information was
collected from Table 1. Like the results in Table 1, every spatial area has a crude average
annual population growth. This graph shows that Rockhampton has the largest growth
compared to the other areas, followed by Livingstone, then by Queensland and Gladstone.
Banana has the small crude average annual population growth of 0.09%.

Table 2: Population Density, 2011 & 2016

2011 2016 Population % Change
Population/sq.km Population/sq.k density

4
 m
Queensland 2.6 persons per 2.8 7.7 % increase
square kilometre 0.2
Rockhampton 3.37 12.38 9.00 267.1 %
(R) increase
Livingstone(S) 2.7 31.9 29.5 109.2%
increase
Banana(S) 0.51 0.51 0 0% increase
Gladstone (R) 5.53 6.01 0.48 8.67% increase
Data Source: Profile ID, n.d; ABS, 2011a-e, ABS, 2016a-e

Table 2 presents the population density for each spatial area, and shows the change of density
between 2011 and 2016. As can be seen in Table 2, the change in population density only
occurs in Livingstone, Queensland, Gladstone, and Rockhampton, with Rockhampton and
Livingstone having the larger increase. Queensland and Gladstone have had an increase,
despite their population growth. As can be seen in both Figures, Queensland contain large
amounts of land; it is quite evident that the increase in population growth in both areas was
not high enough to affect the overall population per square kilometre. Rockhampton,
Livingstone and Gladstone are urban centres close to the coastline with large amount of land
mass (ABS,n.d), thus the population density has an high enough effect on the overall
population growth.
Banana , although having a 0% change in population, the land area is far larger than its
population, hence having no effect on the population density for the area. After further
analysis of Table 2, the overall population per square kilometre in 2011 and 2016 for
Rockhampton is dramatically higher than other spatial areas.
After referring to Table , Rockhampton has a population over 60 thousand in both 2011 and
2016, further analysis of Figure 2 illustrates the LGA of Rockhampton, is drastically smaller
in land area then the other LGAs in Queensland. Considering Rockhampton’s population and
its land size, it is evident that the population has incurred a higher density due to many people
living within a confined area.
Table 3: Gender Ratio, 2011 & 2016
2011 2016 Gender % Change 2011-
number of number of Ration 2016
males per males per Change
100 females 100 females

Queensland 98.1 Males 98.4 Males 0.1 0.10% increase

per 100 per 100
females Females

Rockhampton 96.9 Males 98.3 Males 1.4 1.4% increase

(R) per 100 per 100
females females

Livingstone(S) 106.9 Males 106.3 Males -0.6 -0.56% Decrease

5
 per 100 per 100
females females

Banana(S) 107.2 Males 106.6 Males -0.6 -0.56% Decrease

per 100 per 100
females females

Gladstone (R) 108.3 Males 105.8 Males -2.5 -2.3% Decrease

per 100 per 100
females females

Data Source: ABS, 2011a-e; ABS, 2016a-e,.

The ratio should be presented in a number only.

Table 3 shows the gender ratio for each spatial area, which identifies its percentage change
between the 2011 and 2016 census. The gender ratio of which this data will be analysed and
discussed works on a base of number of males per 100 females within the spatial area. After
close analysis of Table 3, every area expect Queensland and Rockhampton have over 100
males for every 100 females.
Queensland’s and Rockhampton’s gender ratio in both 2011 and 2016 is just below a
hundred, with both regions having over 90 males per 100 females. Banana’s gender ratio is a
bit higher than Livingstone’s but not by a great margin. Gladstone’s 2011 gender ratio
however, is drastically higher than all the other regions.

The reason for Gladstone, Livingstone and Banana having the highest gender ratio for both
2011 and 2016 compared to other regions is that their economy is heavily influenced by the
mining sector and agriculture. Despite Banana, Livingstone and Gladstone having the highest
gender ratio, the data
presented in Table 3 shows that these three spatial areas are the only ones that are
occurring a changing decrease, whilst Queensland and Rockhampton gender ratio have
shown an
increase between 2011 and 2016, with Rockhampton having the largest growth of
1.4%.

Table 4: Dependency Ratio, 2011 & 2016

2011 number 2016 number Dependency % Change 2011-

of of Ratio 2016
dependents/10 dependents/100 Change
0 Working Age Working Age
people people

Queensland 55 dependents 59.4 4.4 8% change

6
 per 100 dependents per
persons of 100 persons of
working age working age

Rockhampton 110 dependents 64 dependents -46 -42% decrease

(R) per 100 per 100
persons of persons of
working age working age

Livingstone(S) 66.5 68 dependents 1.5 2.3% increase

dependents per per 100
100 persons of persons of
working age working age

Banana(S) 93 dependents 74 dependents -19 -20% decrease

per 100 per 100
persons of persons of
working age working age

Gladstone (R) 58.3 58.4 0.1 0.2% increase

dependents per dependents per
100 persons of 100 persons of
working age working age

Data Source: Profile id, n.d, ABS,2011a-e; ABS, 2016a-e.

The ratio should be presented in a number only.

The dependency ratio for each spatial area between 2011 and 2016 is depicted in Table 4. In
working out the ratio, it is assumed that a dependent is someone between the ages of 0-15
years and 65+ years. The data shown in Table 4 shows that both in 2011 and 2016, each
region has around a 50% dependant population. Queensland and Livingstone had a relatively
small but similar percentage change, with their dependent population increasing. Banana and
Gladstone’s dependent population had similar percentage change with their dependent
population decreasing. Rockhampton has the largest dependent ratio decrease out of all
spatial areas, which can attribute by the sea change lifestyle that other areas offer (Capricorn
Enterprise, 2020).

Table 5: Population Doubling or Halving Time

Years for Population to Double or Halve
Queensland 80

7
 Rockhampton 22
Livingstone 50
Banana 777
Gladstone 77

Data Source: Profile id, n.d, ABS,2011a-e; ABS, 2016a-e.

The population doubling time in this table is wrongly calculated. This is because your
calculation of the Crude Average Annual Population Growth rate is incorrect.

CAAPG rate Doubling time

Queensland 1.74 40
Rockhampton (R) 6.4 11
Livingstone(S) 2.81 25
Banana(S) 0.156 449
Gladstone (R) 1.76 40

Table 5 presents the number of years it will take for each spatial area to double or half its
population. With the demographic data collected from the 2011 and 2016 census, it is
projected that every area will double its population. Compared to the other spatial areas,
Rockhampton region’s population will double within the next 22 years, Livingstone
population will duple within 50 years. Gladstone’s population will double within the next 77
years while Queensland’s population will double within the next 80 years. As Banana has the
smallest land area as shown in Table 1, it is predicted that the region’s population will double
with in the next 777 years.

Part B

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Figure 4: Age-Gender Pyramid, Queensland 2016

Queensland 2016

85+
80-84 years
75-79 years
70-74 years
65-69 years
60-64 years
55-59 years
50-54 years
45-49 years
40-44 years
35-39 years
30-34 years
25-29 years
20-24 years
15-19 years
10-14 years
5-9 years
0-4 years
-200,000 -150,000 -100,000 -50,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000

Females 2016 Males 2016

Better to edit the pyramid.

Source: ABS, 2016a.

Figure 4 is an age-gender pyramid based of Queensland’s age-gender data collected from the
2016 census. After consulting Donald Rowland’s (2003) age-gender pyramid classifications,
it can be identified that Queensland’s pyramid represents an undercut society, due to the
decline in the birth rate within Queensland. (not sure this) After analysing the pyramid, it is
evident that the birth rate in Queensland has dropped in the last ten years. This can be seen
with the age profile of 5-9 holding a higher percentage of the state’s population compared to
those who are situated within the 0-4 age profile. The Queensland’s youth’s population stays
at a rather steady rate, holding the similar population percentages until the ages of 10-14 and
15-19, where the percentage then has a noticeable decrease. The population then increases
with those aged 20-34, which decreases at the age profile of 35-40. The population then
increases the age profile of 45-49. The age profile of 50-59 becomes the starting point of the
population decline. As the age profiles get higher, the population largely declines.
It can be observed that the gender per age is alternating throughout each age profile, with the
population of females being slightly large for most of the pyramid.
Better to focus on discussing gender and age structure.

Figure 5: Age-Gender Pyramid, Rockhampton, 2016

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 Rockhampton 2016
80-84 years
70-74 years
60-64 years
50-54 years
40-44 years
30-34 years
20-24 years
10-14 years
0-4 years
-4,000 -3,000 -2,000 -1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000

Females 2016 Males 2016

Source: ABS, 2016b.

The age-gender pyramid shown in Figure 5 consists of the age-gender data for Rockhampton,
which was collected from the 2016 census. The age-gender pyramid for Rockhampton
illustrates an recently incurring decline in birth rates (Rowland, 2003 –why cite this?). Like
Queensland’s pyramid in Figure 4, those aged between 5-9 holds a higher population
percentage then the age profile of 0-4. When comparing the population percentage of 0-4 and
5-9, the birth rates in Rockhampton are still decreasing. Rockhampton’s youth’s population
of 10-24 is at a rather steady rate. This steady percentage of cohorts is attribute to that it is a
centre for education. The population decreases at 35-44, which then increases with those aged
45-55. The age profile of 55-59, is the brining of the final percentage decline, from which no
further growth occurs.
After analysing Figure 5, it can be observed that from the age of 60 and onwards, the
percentage of females start to outweigh the males by at least 25%.

Figure 6: Age-Gender Pyramid, Livingstone, 2016

Livingstone 2016
80-84 years
70-74 years
60-64 years
50-54 years
40-44 years
30-34 years
20-24 years
10-14 years
0-4 years
-2,000 -1,500 -1,000 -500 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

Females 2016 Males 2016

Source: ABS, 2016c.

10
The age-gender pyramid for Livingstone, as shown in Figure 6, can be described as an
undercut society. Like Queensland’s and Rockhampton’s age-gender pyramids, Figure 6
illustrates Livingstone incurring a decrease in birth rates (Rowland, 2003). The data
collected from the 2016 census that was used to construct this pyramid shows that
Livingstone has in the last 5 years experienced a decline in birth rates. Similar to
Queensland’s and Rockhampton’s pyramids, those aged between 5-14 holds a higher
population percentage then the age profile of 0-4. The Livingstone Shire incurs a decrease in
population between the ages of 20-29. The pyramid illustrates a population incline with the
age profile of 30-34, which continues to increase until reaching its peak at the age profile of
50-54. Those aged between 50 and 54 are the beginning of a population decline trend, as
population between these ages were known as the ‘Baby boomer generation’. Like
Queensland’s and Rockhampton’s pyramids, no further growth occurred after the age profile
of 50-54.

Figure 7: Age-Gender Pyramid, Banana, 2016

Banana 2016

80-84 years
70-74 years
60-64 years
50-54 years
40-44 years
30-34 years
20-24 years
10-14 years
0-4 years
-3,000 -2,000 -1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000

Females 2016 Males 2016

Source: ABS, 2016d.
Figure 7 illustrates the age-gender pyramid for Banana using the data collected from the 2016
census. According to Rowland’s (2003) descriptions of age-gender pyramids, Banana’s
pyramid is mature with a relatively high representation of youths. Banana has experienced in
the last 5 years a steady increase in birth rates, which as a result see a significant increase in
population for the ages of 15-19, who were born during a period of declining birth rates.
Banana’s population increases throughout the year but does incur a few minor populations
drops in the process. Similar to Queensland’s, Rockhampton’s and Livingstone’s age-gender
pyramids, the age profile of 55-59 encounters a significant population decline that becomes a
trend for the remainder of the pyramid. For a small population, job opportunities, and in and
out-migration are variables expected to govern population change (Morrison, Smith & Bryan,
2019).

11
Figure 8: Age-Gender Pyramid, Gladstone, 2016

Gladstone 2016
80-84 years
70-74 years
60-64 years
50-54 years
40-44 years
30-34 years
20-24 years
10-14 years
0-4 years
-3,000 -2,000 -1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000

Females 2016 Males 2016

Data Source: ABS, 2016e.
The age-gender pyramid for Gladstone, which was designed using the data collected from the
2016 census, is shown in Figure 8. Gladstone’s age-gender pyramid can be described as
mature with a transition between young and old, and relatively high representation of youth
(Rowland, 2003). From the ages of 10-14, Gladstone’s population decreases but makes a
recovery at the age profile of 25-29. Like Queensland, Rockhampton, Livingstone and
Banana, the population continues to grow until the ages of 55-59, where incurs another
population decline that carries on for the remainder of the pyramid. It can be observed that
the gender per age in the pyramid is alternating throughout each age profile; thus, no gender
is dominate.

Conclusion
This paper has provided an analysis of the demographic data collected from 2011 and 2016
census for each of the spatial areas. Through analysing the census data for Queensland,
Rockhampton, Livingstone, Banana and Gladstone, each region’s demography was able to be
compared with one another to identify any similarities, trends and other information that has
affected the demographic data. The analysis of the demographic data confirms that every
spatial area experience either an increase or decrease in population.
Further analysis of the 2016 census data shows that the overall birth rate in every spatial area,
excluding Banana and Gladstone, is decreasing. The 2016 data also indicates that the
population of males and females are relatively even throughout each spatial area, however the
data also suggest that as the age profiles increases, the population decreases.
Overall, each spatial area does maintain similar trend in regards to population, despite their
geographical differences. ✔

12
Works Cited
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) n.d, Data by Region, viewed 27 March 2021,
https://dbr.abs.gov.au/
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011a, 2011 Census Community Profile,
Queensland: Basic Community Profile, viewed 27 March 2021,
https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/
communityprofile/3
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011b, 2011 Census Community Profile,
Rockhampton: Basic Community Profile, viewed 27 March 2021,
https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/
communityprofile/LGA36360
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011c, 2011 Census Community Profile,
Gladstone: Basic Community Profile, viewed 27 March 2021,
https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/
communityprofile/330103366?opendocument
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011d, 2011 Census Community Profile,
Banana: Basic Community Profile, viewed 27 March 2021,
https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/
communityprofile/LGA30370?opendocument
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2016a, 2016 Census Community Profile,
Queensland: Time Series Profile, viewed 27 March 2021,
https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/
communityprofile/3?opendocument
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2016b, 2016 Census Community Profile,
Rockhampton: Time Series Profile, viewed 27 March 2021,
https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/
communityprofile/LGA36370?opendocument

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2016c, 2016 Census Community Profile,

Livingstone: Time Series Profile, viewed 27 March 2021,
https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/
communityprofile/LGA34530?opendocument
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2016d, 2016 Census Community Profile,
Banana: Time Series Profile, viewed 27 March 2021,
https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/
communityprofile/LGA30370?opendocument
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2016d, 2016 Census Community Profile,
Gladstone: Time Series Profile, viewed 27 March 2021,
https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/
communityprofile/LGA33360?opendocument

Capricorn Enterprise, 2021. Regional profile and statistics, viewed 27 March 2021
https://capricornenterprise.com.au/economic-development/regional-statistics/regional-profile-
statistics/

13
Morrison, Peter A, Smith, Stanley K & Bryan, Thomas M, 2019. 31 Small-Area and Business
Demography. In Handbook of Population. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research.
Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 819–838.
Pink, B 2011, Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC): Queensland
Maps, July 2011, viewed 25 April 2021,
https://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/94D4797DEF89C32FCA25791F00
0F434E/$File/1216_asgc_2011_australia_maps.pdf
Profile Id, n.d, Livingstone Shire Council Area, Population and Dwellings, viewed 26 April
2021
https://profile.id.com.au/livingstone/population
Rowland, T 2003, Demographic Methods and Concepts, Oxford University Press,
New York.

14
APPENDIX A: Banana’s Demographic Data Calculation for Part A
Table 1: Population Change for Spatial Areas, 2011 – 2016
2011 Total Population = Male Population + Female Population
= 7,7479 + 6,977
= 14,456
(Data Source: ABS, 2002c)
2016 Total Population = Male Population + Female Population
= 7,519 + 7,502
= 14,570
(Data Source: ABS, 2008c)
Absolute Change = 2016 Total Population – 2011 Total Population
= 14,570– 14,456
= 114
Percentage Change = (Absolute Change / 2011 Total Population) x 100
= (114 / 14,456) x 100
= 0.78
= 0.78% Increase✔
Table 2: Population Density, 2011 & 2016
2011 = 2011 Total Population / Sq. km
= 14,456 / 28,546.3
= 0.51
= 0.51 persons per sq. km✔
(Data Source: Profile ID,n.d)
2016 = 2016 Total Population / Sq. Km
= 14,570/ 28,550.2
= 0.51
= 0.51 persons per sq. km✔
(Data Source: ABS, 2016d)
Population Density Change = 2016 – 2011
= 0.51– 0.51
=0
Percentage Change = (Population Density Change / 2011) x 100
= (0./ 0.51) x 100
=0
= 0%
Table 3: Gender Ratio, 2011 & 2016
2011 = (Male Population / Female Population) x 100
= (7,7479 / 6,977) x 100
= 107.2
= 107.2 Males per 100 females✔
(Data Source: ABS, 2011c)
2016 = (Male Population / Female Population) x 100
= (7,519 / 7,502) x 100
= 106.6
= 106.6 Males per 100 females✔
(Data Source: ABS, 2016d)
Gender Ratio Change = 2016 – 2011
= 106.6 – 107.2

15
= -0.6
Percentage Change = (Gender Ratio Change / 2011) x 100

= (-0.6 / 107.2) x 100

= -0.56
= -0.56% Increase
Table 4: Dependency Ratio, 2011 & 2016
2011: Persons aged 0-15 = 3,581
Persons aged 65+ = 2,467
Total Dependents = 6048
Total Population = Population – Visitors
= 12,547 – 1909
= 12,547
Working Population = Total Population – Total Dependents
= 12,547– 6048
= 6,499
Dependency = (Total Dependents / Working Population) x 100
= (6048/ 6,499) x 100
= 93.0
= 93 Dependents per 100 working population
(Data Source: ABS, 2011d)
2016: Persons aged 0-15 =3,329
Persons aged 65+ = 1,998
Total Dependents = 5,327
Total Population = 12,525
Working Population = Total Population – Total Dependents
= 12,525– 5,327
= 7,198
Dependency = (Total Dependents / Working Population) x 100
= (5,327/ 7,198) x 100
= 74.0
= 74 Dependents per 100 working population
(Data Source: ABS, 2011c)
Dependency Ratio Change = 2016 – 2011
= 74 – 93
= -19
Percentage Change = (Dependency Ratio Change / 2011) x 100
= (-19/ 93) x 100
= -20
= -20%
Table 5: Population Doubling or Halving Time
Doubling Time = 70 / Crude Average Annual Population Growth
= 70 / 0.09
= 777Years

16
GEOG19029 Marking Sheet: Assignment 1

Student: Rachael-Lyn Anderson Mark (x/30): 22 Grade: C

Note: this is merely a guide for the marker to use in marking this assignment, with items
placed in general order in which the assignment is marked. Most of the items listed have to
do with communications. Improving on these is likely to help raise your future assignment
marks as well as develop your professional communication skills.
However, as is stated in evaluation criteria for this assignment in course profile and
assignment instructions, the marker considers information collection, analysis and
interpretation, as well as effective communication in assessing. Therefore, do not try to just
add up the number of ticks in the different boxes to determine your mark for this assignment.
Aspects of the research and analysis of this assignment involve more than just the number of
listed items.
Good OK Poor Item/Comments (* = key elements)
✔ *Descriptive title
✔ *Reference list
✔  *Adequate number of sources

✔  *Correct Harvard (author-date) format for each source

✔  *Sources listed alphabetically by author

✔  *Consistent style (capitalization, punctuation)

✔ *Introduction (subheading)
✔ *Topic sentence(s) –clear, concise
✔ *Background as needed
✔ *Statement of significance and relevance
✔ *Use of metric measures
✔ Use of font (Time New Roman or Arial, consistency)
✔ Appropriate line space
✔ Page numbers
✔ *Consistent style
✔ Main body (general)
✔ *Visual hierarchy to subheadings
✔ *Consistent style/spacing in subheadings and between
paragraphs.
✔ *Correct Harvard format in-text citation

17
 ✔ *Effective use of sources
✔ *Logical reasoning
✔ *Good English expression
✔ *Spelling, capitalization, punctuation
✔ *Well-structured paragraphs
✔ *Illustrations, maps, etc. with labels, sources etc.
✔ Part A – Basic Demographic measures: State/terr. & 4
LGA’s
✔ * Population change: 2011 & 2016 absolute & %
✔ * Population density
✔ *Gender ratio & dependency ratio
✔ *Crude ave. annual rate of population change
✔ *Doubling (halving) time
✔ *Comparison & summary
✔ *Maps, tables, other graphics –title, source, design,
composition
✔ Part B – Age-sex pyramids & population composition
✔ *Age-sex pyramid for each spatial unit in part A –design,
title, source
✔ *Discuss & interpret each
✔ *Compare them
Other tables or graphics
✔ Conclusion
✔ *Restate topic
✔ *Adequate summary and highlights of main findings
✔ *Significance/relevance
✔ Appendix –show calculations for Part A for one of the
spatial units.
Student needs to re-read and more carefully follow the assignment
instructions
Overall assessment: Strengths and areas for improvement)

Your paper shows that you have good knowledge of the demographic analysis and the
population study.
You are able to collect demographic data from ABS for the study population. You
have applied major measures correctly to the chosen populations as required.
In Part A, you have correctly calculated most of measures and effectively discussed
the changes in the populations during the study period. The data has been presented in

18
 tables. However, the calculation of the crude ave. annual growth rate and doubling
time of the populations were incorrect. It will be better if the expression ratio in tables
in a number.
In part B, you are able to construct the population pyramids. The interpretation is
good. It would be better if your explanations focused more on age-gender structure of
the populations.
Overall, you have made a good effort to the task.

19