1-AI Excercises

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 4

97 – 98

( #)* $ '& – ! " # $"%&


: -1

/* 01 . &' ! " ()* ' + , - . !" #. % Z O


: !" 0-3:; 7 8 (frontier) , 6' #02-' ! 234 %

(breadth-first) = # 0-3:; .1
(uniform-cost) 4 0 ? . 0-3:; .2
(depth-first) A2# 0-3:; .3
3 A2# (depth-limited) 1' A2# 0-3:; .4
(iterative deepening) A2# ?' + . 0-3:; .5
E; = # 0-3:; F3% = (bidirectional) &3E; 0-3:; .6

F3% ?* 8 "I I0J; (explored set) 7 #02-' ! 234 % H G3 0 , 2*


N ) K L' &* 0M 8 .( % 0-3:; )' I 0-3:; G3 0 ) &'
R S3 T !0 # % &: J )F U* * *, 6' ()* ' &3 (successor) QOP KH
R S3 R W)X K 3 0; QOP KH N 0 &' O V' ! 0 # . 0 &'
. 0 &'

8 6' hD (heuristic) & "3 Y * . &J)X 0% –2


: % Z:' N
A 650 K 900 S 550 Y 900
B 500 M 1150 R 1100 Z 0
E 800 O 1150 T 950

1
\ : (consistent) I % (admissible) & 3 [P hD Q &% .1
. &% ! 0 & 3 [P !Q E " P Z:' N ; & "3 Y * 8 .2
. U * ? E Q ! ?' K 0M : 6' hD & "3 Y * W)X 0% E " P & "3 Y * .3
0-3:; G3 0 8 hD & "3 Y * F3% , Z:' N W (frontier) , 6' #02-' /* 01
: !"
(greedy best-first) ] N 3E 0-3:; .4
A* 0-3:; .5
8 . &' F3% ?* 8 "I I0J; (explored set) "' #02-' H G3 0
*, 6' ()* ' &3 (successor) QOP KH N ) K L' &* 0M
KH N &3 0 &' O V' ! 0 # . 0 &' R S3 T !0 # % &: J )F U* *
. 0 &' R S3 R W)X K 3 0; QOP

!" W? (objective function) Y* 6' 2 T 8 &"S – 3


-' 4 &? + 8 0*&' Z:' W W' # . % Y* 6' N 3" &3 ! % . %
. &' ! " W' # &JT ! ?' (C5 4) a & Q .( 0" ` 4 ( 1' &* 0M ) N P H % ^_

A B C D E F G H
1 7 5 6 3 5 6 9 8
2 6 5 2 1 5 5 8 7
3 4 4 3 4 4 5 5 6
4 3 4 3 3 3 1 4 4
5 4 2 2 1 1 1 2 4
6 2 3 3 2 1 3 5 6
7 4 4 3 3 1 5 8 8
8 2 3 5 2 1 6 8 8
N -' KH &? & ]* R S3 K 0M ) !" 0-3:;
W' # KH G3 0 8 [I 01
.( b c0d0'
.3 Tabu : F3% G -' 4 & 03' 5 V ! ?' (hill climbing) 0 e* .1
T -' c a &Q .- &' -' c 3 (random restart) & ]* -' c 0 e* .2
. F5 D2
(ΔE < 0) * T R S3 ! ?' K 0M . ?* 10 (simulated annealing) % ) )* .3
: % K 0M % ^_ U * * ?*
Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

P(next-worse) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

.2 2:X 3FI c k=3 (local beam) &Td0' 0* P . 4

2
. % 4 " % 2% 4 Minimax 6' !Q % W? 4 8 &"S – 4

\ % 6_ !Q ^_ 2% 4 % 4 ( ply g] ) A2# .1

. ! W b Minimax G 2]* .2

minimax 6' N3: = 0 F3% (alpha – beta pruning) 3 – F Q 0-3:; IG 2]* I .3


2% 4 minimax 6' I \ 04 " ^_ 2% 4 & 4 _ (MM=3) % 2% 4
. j d0* \ 04 i 4 Q ) hS"' %

6' 0 ') % 3 I Eval(x)=2Minimax(x)-1 K 0M &d (evaluation function) & Y * .4


Y * (6 ?J : G3 0 3% k 2 63:' 0 &' = 0% N % &J)X 2:X )% 1' Minimax
heuristic-) & "3 Minimax 6' (cutoff) 0 YlX (ply) G 3 T 0-3:; I .( &% 3% !Q &
. )% 1' 2 0% 'Q % 6' ;0* " (Minimax

: % K 0] & 0'Q :%m' 8 (exam timetabling) K 13' )' Z:' 8 – 5


K 13' 8 . .I 2!' K' &J ]1* , * ! n gJ3S' 10 K 13' ]X :%m' !Hm:'
N K 13' , )q 8 + ! 0'Q+ &4 k T)p . 0 .I Eo T j)M 0 &? 0*&'
3 } {4 2 1 }: * )# 3: r 3"' ! 0'Q+ & . 0 .I ! ' 8 )
{10 9 5 } {9 8 6 4 } {6 3 1 } {7 5 2 } {4
: 0 .I 8 0*&2 K 13' & 0'Q 1' W L# .{10 8 7 }
.{7 6 } {5 1 }

. g T* (constraint satisfaction problem – CSP) X x d Z:' 8 K 0M Z:' N .1

! " 1 0% g T* CSP ( (backtracking search) IU6# 0-3:; G3 0 ; W ' .2


:

3
; (minimum remaining values – MRV) 2 X 6' N 32 & "3 Y 0* U * * /3' R S3 •
R S3 W ) 0 &' R S3 32 2 /3' 0 ! :? 0 /3' _ G I . 0 &' F3% (degree)
.( 0 b /3'
. 0 &' F3% (least constraining value – LCV) 2 &I 6' 6' & "3 Y * 6' R S3 •
. 0 &' F3% (arc consistency) I % & 3)' (forward checking) 0J; &% 7 ` 3 3% •
#02-' /3') * #02-' /3' N * * (backjumping) U6# 7 P 7 IU6# K 0M •
. 0 &' F3% ( % & 6' 2 * (conflict set) *

: ! " J ' 10 1 0% g T* CSP ( 0 e* 0-3:; ; .3


... ,0% /3' T , /3' Oe% /3' 3 : 0 &' R S3 2 U * * /3' •
W ) ?* z & &JT 7 ! 0*&' ) 3E , ?y 8 N -' N I •
. R S3 (0-3:;

. 0 &' F3% (minimum conflicts) * N 32 & "3 Y * /3' & 6'

,- (Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach) Y) ' R 3 &: J S: GE G3" W] K 2* – 6


.

8.6 .1
8.9 .2
8.10 .3
8.24 .4
9.9 .5

You might also like