Name: Jonh Bert A.

Pacheco
CLASSES OF PHYLUM ANNELIDA
1. Polychaeta These are marine annelids.
Polychaeta often known as bristle
worms or polychaetes is a
paraphyletic class of mostly marine
annelid worms. Each body segment
contains two fleshy projections called
parapodia that are covered in many
chitin-made bristles called chaetae. In
this class, more than 10,000 species are
described. The lugworm (Arenicola
marina) and the sandworm or clam
worm Alitta are frequent examples. As a
group, polychaetes are strong and
ubiquitous, ranging from species that
can survive in the deepest parts of the
ocean's abyssal plain to forms that can
withstand the extremely hot
temperatures found close to
hydrothermal vents. Only a few traits
are shared by all known polychaete
species. Each has a head, a tail, and a
segmented body, with a pair of
parapodia that resemble legs and have
prickly bristles jutting out. The Greek
word "polychaete," which means "with
abundant hair," is the source of the
worms' name.
2. Oligochaeta The subclass of creatures known as
Oligochaeta includes all of the many
species of earthworms as well as
numerous other aquatic and terrestrial
worms. Oligochaetes are a group of
worms that include terrestrial megadrile
earthworms (some of which are
semiaquatic or fully aquatic), as well as
freshwater or semiterrestrial microdrile
forms like the tubificids, pot worms, and
ice worms (Enchytraeidae), blackworms
 (Lumbriculidae), and a number of
interstitial marine worms. The
Oligochaeta account or nearly half of the
phylum Annelida and have about 10,000
species currently recognized. In contrast
to polychaeta, these worms typically lack
parapodia and contain few setae
(chaetae) or "bristles" on the surfaces of
their outer bodies. The Oligochaeta
genus contains numerous tiny species of
freshwater worms in addition to the well-
known earthworms. They are segmented
worms, belonging to the Phylum
Annelida, and when magnified, the body
may be seen to be segmented. Along the
body, oligochaetes are identified by setae
(or chetae), which resemble bristles or
hairs.
3. Hirudinea With an anterior circumoral sucker and a
posterior ventral sucker that distinguish
them from other annelid families, the
Hirudinea, or real leeches, are highly
specialized clitellates. They are a
member of a small monophyletic annelid
clade. Ectocommensalism, parasitic
sanguivory, predatory life-history
strategies, as well as a range of
reproductive activities, are just a few of
the diverse behaviors they display. The
protruding muscular proboscis that
distinguishes the two orders
Rhynchobdellida and Arhynchobdellida
from one another is present in the former
and absent in the latter. The families
Erpobdellidae, Haemopidae, and
Haemadipsidae are found in the
suborders Erpobdelliformes and
Hirudiniformes of the order
Arhynchobdellida. The order
Rhynchobdellida is made up of the
families Piscicolidae, Ozobranchidae, and
Glossiphoniidae. They have flattened
bodies that are substantially wider than
they are thick. They are often dark in
color, frequently brown, occasionally
black, or deep green.
 CLASSES OF PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
1. Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
(trilobites)
2. Subphylum Chelicerata
3. Subphylum Crustacea
are an extinct group that have been
studied since the Paleozoic because they
were likely the earliest Arthropoda. They
have a 3-lobed lateral portion on either
side of their center region of the body.
They were flattened dorso-ventrally and
had a head and trunk.
The first known chelicerate fossils, from
Sanctacaris, date back to 508 million
years ago. [2] The remaining marine
species include the four species of
xiphosurans (horseshoe crabs) and
maybe the 1,300 species of pycnogonids
(sea spiders), assuming the latter are in
fact chelicerates. On the other hand,
there are possibly 500,000 undiscovered
species of the nearly 77,000 well-known
air-breathing chelicerates. Chelicerates
are arthropods, which means they have
segmented bodies with jointed limbs and
a cuticle comprised of chitin and proteins
covering everything. The prosoma and
the opisthosoma are the two tagmata that
make up the chelicerate body plan, but
mites no longer have a distinct line
between them. Chelicerates have two
body segments; a cephalothorax and an
abdomen. They have no antennae, but
have six pairs of appendages. The most
anterior appendages are called the
chelicerae and are normally modified into
pincers or fangs.
It constitute a wide and diversified group
of arthropods, which also includes
decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods,
fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods,
barnacles, copepods, amphipods, and
mantis shrimp. The clade Mandibulata
 includes the group of crustaceans as a
subphylum. It is now widely
acknowledged that the hexapods first
appeared deep inside the Crustacean
phylum, and the whole group is known as
Pancrustacea.

4. Subphylum Myriapoda The group includes the centipedes and

millipedes, and the animals generally
have an elongated segmented body with
numerous paired legs, a single pair of
antennae and simple eyes. All myriapods
are terrestrial, and can be found in
environments such as moist forests,
grasslands and deserts. Like insects,
myriapods have one pair of antennae, but
they have many more legs than insects
do. In Michigan, all myriapods have more
than 20 legs, and all the other arthropods
have fewer legs than that (most have only
6 or 8 legs). Millipedes usually have
round bodies, and have two pairs of legs
on each body segment.
5. Subphylum Hexapoda Hexapods are characterized by the
presence of a head, thorax, and
abdomen, constituting three tagma. The
thorax bears the wings as well as six legs
in three pairs. Many of the common
insects we encounter on a daily basis,
including ants, cockroaches, butterflies,
and flies, are examples of Hexapoda. The
subphylum Hexapoda comprises most
species of arthropods and includes the
insects as well as three much smaller
groups of wingless arthropods.
 CLASSES OF ECHINODERMATA
1. Crinoidea (sea lilies)
2. Asteroidea (starfish)
What is the common name for
crinoids?
Crinoids, also known as sea lilies, are
related to starfish, sea urchins, and
sea cucumbers. They are still alive
today, though they are not as common
or as large as they were during the
Paleozoic.
What is unique about Crinoidea?
Image result for Crinoidea (sea lilies)
Crinoids are famous for their feathery,
tentacle-like appendages that opened
up like a flower and captured particles
of food such as plankton. Though
crinoids appeared in the Ordovician
(488 mya), they survived the Permian
mass extinction and diversified into
hundreds of species which survive,
today.
Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped
echinoderms belonging to the class
Asteroidea (/ˌæstəˈrɔɪdiə/). Common
usage frequently finds these names
being also applied to ophiuroids, which
are correctly referred to as brittle stars
or basket stars. Starfish are also
known as asteroids due to being in the
class Asteroidea. Starfish are marine
invertebrates. They typically have a
central disc and usually five arms,
though some species have a larger
number of arms. The aboral or upper
surface may be smooth, granular or
spiny, and is covered with overlapping
plates.
3. Ophiuroidea (brittle stars or snake
stars)
4. Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand
dollars)
5. Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
Ophiuroidea are commonly known as
brittle stars based on the fragile nature
of their snake-like arms. These
serpentine arms in turn give them their
scientific name: in Greek, "ophis"
means snake and "oura" means tail.
Ophiuroids exhibit the three distinctive
characteristics of the phylum
Echinodermata: a body plan with five
part symmetry (pentaradial), an
internal calcium carbonate skeleton in
the mineral form of calcite, and a water
vascular system of fluid-filled vessels
that end in tube feet.
Sea urchins and sand dollars
(Echinoidea) are a group of
echinoderms that are spiny, globe or
disk-shaped animals. Sea urchins and
sand dollars are found in all the world's
oceans. Like most other echinoderms,
they are pentaradially symmetrical (the
have five sides arranged around a
central point). These echinoderms do
not have arms, but are hemispherical
or flattened with five rows of tube feet
that help them in slow movement; tube
feet are extruded through pores of a
continuous internal shell called a test.
Holothurians generally look long and
worm-like, but retain the pentaradial
symmetry characteristic of the
Echinodermata. Some may be
spherical in body shape. The mouth
and anus are located on opposite
poles, and five rows of tube feet run
from the mouth to the anus along the
cylindrical body. hey are marine
animals with a leathery skin and an
elongated body containing a single,
branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are
found on the sea floor worldwide.