Hiragana

A KA SA TA NA HA MA YA RA WA WO N
I KI SHI CHI NI HI MI RI
U KU SU TSU NU FU MU YU RU
E KE SE TE NE HE ME RE
O KO SO TO NO HO MO YO RO

GA ZA DA BA PA
GI JI - BI PI
GU ZU - BU PU
GE ZE DE BE PE
GO ZO DO BO PO

KYA KYU KYO

SHA SHU SHO
CHA CHU CHO
NYA NYU NYO
HYA HYU HYO
MYA MYU MYO
RYA RYU RYO
GYA GYU GYO
JA JU JO
BYA BYU BYO
PYA PYU PYO

KYOUSHITSU NO KOTOBA
1 Hajime mashou Let’s Start 1 Ohayo gozai masu Good morning
2 Owari mashou Let’s Finish 2 Kon nichi wa Good afternoon
3 Yasumi mashou Let’s take break 3 Kon ban wa Good Evening
4 Wakari masu ka Do you understand 4 Oya sumi nasai Good Night
5 Hai wakari masu Yes I do 5 Sayo nara Good Bye
6 Iie wakari masen No I don’t. 6 Arigato gozai masu Thank you
7 Mou ichi do Once again 7 Dou ita shimashite Wellcome/ don’t
mention
8 Kekkou desu Fine /Good 8 Sumi masen Excuse me
9 Dame desu That’s not ok/ That’s 9 Onegai shimasu Please
wrong
10 Namae Name 10 Gomen nasai Sorry
11 Shiken Exam 11 Ja mata ( ashita ) See you
(Tommrrow)
12 Shukudai Homework 12 Ogenki desu ka How are you
13 Shitsumon Question 13 Hai Genki desu I am fine
14 Kotae Answer 14 Rei Example
 Lesson 1

Vocabulary

1 Watashi I
2 Watashitachi We
3 Anata You
4 Anohito ,(Anokata is Polite Form) That Person (He/she)
5 Minasan Ladies and Gentleman, all of you
6 San Mr., Ms.(title of respect added name
7 Chan Suffix often added to a child name Instead of San
8 Kun Suffix often added to a boy’s name
9 Jin Suffix meaning ‘’ a national of ’’ e.g: Amerikaji, an
American
10 Sensei Teacher ,Instructor (Not used when reference to one ‘s
own Job
11 Kyoushi Teacher, Instructor
12 Gakusei Student
13 Kaisha in Company Employee
14 Shain Employee of – Company (Used with a company’s name
e.g: Mitsubishi No shain
15 Ginkouin Bank employee
16 Isha Doctor
17 Kenkyuusha Researcher, Scholar
18 Enjinia Engineer
19 Daigaku University
20 Byouin Hospital
21 Denki Electricity, Light
22 Dare (Donata is Polite Form) Who
23 --- Sai Year old
24 Nan sai (Oikutsu is Polite Form) How old
25 Hai Yes
26 Iie No
27 Shitsurei Desu Ga Excuse me ,but
28 Onamae wa ? May I have your name
29 Hajimemashite How do you do?(lit: I meeting you for the first time.
Usually used as the first phrase when introducing
oneself
30 Douzo Yoroshiku Please to meet you.(Lit. please be nice to me.Usually at
(Onegaishimasu) the end of introduction.)
31 Kochira wa ----San Desu This is Mr./Ms.
32 ---- Kara Kimashita I came from
Grammar Explanation

N1 + Wa + N2 + Desu
1. 1 Particle Wa

The Particle Wa indicates that the word before it is the topic of the sentence.
You select a noun you want to talk about , add Wa to show that it is the
topic and give a statement about the topic.

2. Desu
Noun used with Desu work as predicates.
Desu indicates judgment or assertion.
Desu also conveys that the speaker is being polite toward the listener.
Desu inflects when the sentence is negative (see 2.below) or in the past
tense (See Lesson 12)
1. Watashi Wa Mira Desu. (I am Mira )
2. Watashi Wa Indojin Desu . (I am Indian)
3. Mira San Wa Enjinia Desu. (Mira is an engineer)

N1 + Wa + N2 + Ja (Dewa) arimasen

1. Ja arimasen is the negative form of Desu .It is the form used in daily
conversation. For a formal speech or writing. Dewa Arimasen is used
instead.
1. Watashi wa gakusei ja arimasen. ( I m not a student)
2. Santosu san wa sensei ja arimasen. (Mr.Santosu is not a teacher)

S + Ka

I) Particle Ka The particle Ka is used to express the speaker’s doubt,

question, and uncertainty etc .A question is formed by simply adding Ka to the
end of the sentence .A question ends with a rising intonation
ii) Question asking whether a statement is correct or not. As mentioned
above, sentences become a question when Ka is added to the end. The Word
order does not change .The Question thus made asks whether a statement is
correct or not .Depending on whether you agree with the statement or not,
your answer to such a question being with HAI or IIE.

1. Mira san wa amerika jin desu ka. ( Is Mr. Mira an American?)

Hai amerika jin desu. (Yes, He is.)
2. Mira san wa sensei desu ka. (Is Mr. Mira a teacher?)
Iie sensei ja arimasen. (No, He is not)

3) Question with interrogatives

An interrogative replace the part of the sentence that covers what you want
to ask about .The word order does not change, and Ka is added at end.

1. Ano kata wa donata desu ka. (Who is that person)

Ano kata wa mira san desu. (That’s Mr.Mira)
2. Ano hito wa dare desu ka. (Who is that person)
Ano hito wa mira san desu. (That’s Mr.Mira)

S + Mo
Mo is added after a topic instead Wa when the statement about the
topic is same as the pervious topic.
1. Santosu San wa kaishain desu. ( Mr.Santosu is a company employee.)
2. Yamada San mo kaishain desu.
(Mr.Yamada is also a company employee)

N1 + No + N2

No is used to connect two nouns.N1 modifies N2 .In Lesson 1,N1 is an

organization or some kind of group to which N2 belong.
1. Mira san wa Honda no shain desu.
(Mr.Mira is a company employee)
 San
San is added to the name of the listener or a third person to show
the speaker’s respect to the person .It should never be used with
the speaker’s own name .
1. Ano kata wa mera san desu.

When referring directly to the listener, the word Anata (You) is not
commonly used if you know the listerner’s name . The listener’s
family name following by San is usually used.

1. Suzuki : Mera San wa Isha desu ka.

Mera : iie , kaishain desu

---------------------------------*--------------------*------------------------*---------------------------

Kaiwa

Hajimemashite

Satou: Ohayo gozaimasu.

Yamada: Ohayo gozaimasu.

Satou san , kochira wa Mira san desu.

Mira: Hajimemashite.

Maiku Mira Desu. America kara kimashita.

Douzo yoroshiku.

Satou: Satou keiko desu.

Douzo yoroshiku.
 Lesson -2

34 Kore This (Thing here)

35 Sore That (Thing near you)
36 Are That (Thing over there)
37 Kono This (here)
38 Sono That (near you)
39 Ano That (over there)
40 Hon Book
41 Jisho Dictionary
42 Zasshi Magazine
43 Shinbun Newspaper
44 No-to Notebook
45 Techou Pocket Notebook
46 Meishi Business Card
47 Ka-do Card
48 Terehonka-do Telephone card
49 Enpitsu Pencil
50 Bo-rupen Ballpoint Pen
51 Sha-pupenshiru Mechanical Pencil
52 Kagi Key
53 Tokei Watch, Clock
54 Kasa Umbrella
55 Kaban Bag, Briefcase
56 (Kasetto)Te-pu (Cassette)tape
57 Te-pureko-da- Tape recorder
58 Terebi T.V
59 Rajio Radio
60 Kamera Camera
61 Konpyu-ta- Computer
62 Jidousha Automobile,Car
63 Tsukue Desk
64 Isu Chair
65 Chokore-to Chocolate
66 Ko-hi Coffee
67 Eigo The English Language
68 Nihongo The Japanese Language
69 ---Go Language
70 Sou So
71 Chigaimasu. No,It is not/ you are wrong
72 Sou desu ka. I see./ is that so
 73 Anou Well (used to show hesitation)
74 Hon no kimochi desu Its nothing / its a token of gratitude.
75 Doumo Well,Thanks
76 (Doumo ) Arigatou gozaimasu Thank you very much
77 Kore kara osewa ni narimasu I hope for your kind assistance hereafter
78 Kochira koso yoroshiku I am pleased to meet you (response to Douzo
Yoroshiku)
79 Nan What ?

Grammar Explanation
1. Kore/Sore/Are + wa + N

Kore,Sore and Are are demonstratives.

They work as noun. Kore refers to a thing near the speaker. Sore refer to a thing
near the listener. Are refer to thing far from the speaker and The listener.

1. Sore wa jisho desu ka. (is that a dictionary?)

2. Kore wo kudasai. (I’ll take this)

2. Kono/Sono/Ano + N + wa

Kono,Sono and Ano modify noun.” Kono N” refers to a thing or a person near the
speakers. “Sono N” refers to a thing or a person near the listener.” Ano N” refers
to a thing or a person far from both the speaker and the listener.

1. Kono hon wa watashino desu. (this book is mine)

2. Ano kata wa donate desu ka. (who is that person)

3. Sou desu/Sou ja arimasen(Chigaimasu)

In the case of noun sentence, the word Sou is often used to answer a
question requiring an affirmative or negative answer. Hai , Sou desu is
The affirmative answer and Iie,Sou ja arimasen is the negative answer.

1. Sore wa kaban desu ka. (is that a bag)

Hai , sou desu. (Yes, it is/ yes, it is so)
2. Sore wa kaban desu ka. (is that a bag)
Iie, sou ja arimasen. (No,it is not/ no,it is not so)

The verb chigai masu (lit. to differ) can be used to mean sou ja arimasen.

1. Sore wa kaban desu ka. (is that a bag)

Iie, chugai masu (No,it is not/ no,it is not so)

4. S1+ Ka +S2

This is a question asking the listener to choose between alternatives, S1 and S2 for
the answer. As an answer to this type of question, the chosen sentence is states.
Neither Hai nor Iie is used.

1. Kore wa enpitsu desu ka, pen desu ka. (Is that a pencil or a pen)
Enpitsu desu. (It is a pencil)
2. Kore wa 9 desu ka , 7 desu ka. (Is that a 9 or a 7 )
9 desu. (It is 9 )

5. N1 + No + N2
You learned in Lesson 1 that no is used to connect to noun when N1 modifies N2.In
the lesson 2 you learn two other used of is no.

1. N1 explains what N2 is about.

1. kore kanpyu-ta no hon desu. (this is a book on computer)

2. N1 explains who owns N2 .

1. Kore wa watashi no hon desu. (This is my book)

N2 is something omitted when it is obvious. When N2 mean a person however,
you cannot omit it.

1. Are wa dare no kaban desu ka. (Whose bag is that?)

Sato san no desu. (It’s Ms. Sato’s.)

2. Kono kaban wa anata no desu ka. (is this bag yours?)

Iie, watashi no ja arimasen. (No,it’s not mine)

3. Mira San wa Honda no shain desu ka.

Hai,Honda no shain desu.

(is Mr.Mira an employee of Honda )

(Yes,He is)

6. Sou desu ka

This expression is used when the speakers receives new information and show
that he or she understands it .

1. Kono kasa anata no desu ka. (is this umbrella yours?)

Iie , chigai masu. Sumito san no desu. (No, it is Mr. sumito)

Sou desu ka. (I see)