BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SINGLE PHASE CIRCUITS - RLC

BY

Dr. Pramod Bhat Nempu

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AC THROUGH PURE RESISTANCE
• According to Ohm’s law, we can find the equation for current i through the
pure resistive circuit with AC supply 𝒗 = 𝑽𝒎 𝐬𝐢𝐧⁡(𝝎𝒕) as follows.

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AC THROUGH PURE RESISTANCE

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AC THROUGH PURE RESISTANCE
Power

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AC THROUGH PURE RESISTANCE
Power

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AC THROUGH PURE RESISTANCE
Power

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AC THROUGH PURE INDUCTANCE

Source: https://www.electrical4u.com/what-is-inductor-and-inductance-theory-of-inductor/

• If a time varying current is flowing through a coil there is an EMF induced in it.
• The induced EMF across the coil is directly proportional to the rate of change of
current with respect to time.
• Due to the property of inducing EMF, all types of electrical coil can be referred
as inductor.
• An inductor is an energy storage device which stores energy in form of
magnetic field .

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AC THROUGH PURE INDUCTANCE
• The induced EMF across a coil is directly proportional to the rate of change
of current through it. The proportionality constant in that relation is known
as inductance.

• In other words, inductance is the tendency of an electrical conductor to

oppose a change in the electric current flowing through it.

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AC THROUGH PURE INDUCTANCE

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AC THROUGH PURE INDUCTANCE

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AC THROUGH PURE INDUCTANCE
−𝜋
• Therefore, it is obvious that the phase angle is ⁡𝑜𝑟⁡ − 90°.
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• This means that the current in a pure inductive circuit lags applied voltage
by 90º. In other words, voltage leads current by 90º.

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AC THROUGH PURE INDUCTANCE
Inductive reactance

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AC THROUGH PURE INDUCTANCE
Power

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AC THROUGH PURE INDUCTANCE
Power

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AC THROUGH PURE CAPACITANCE
• Capacitors consist of two parallel conductive plates (usually a metal) which
are separated by an insulating material called the “dielectric”.
• When a voltage is applied to these plates, an electrical current flows
charging up one plate with a positive charge with respect to the supply
voltage and the other plate with an equal and opposite negative charge.

Source: https://www.electronics-
tutorials.ws/capacitor/cap_4.html

The capacitor’s ability to store this electrical

charge (Q) between its plates is proportional to
the applied voltage (V) for a capacitor of
known capacitance (C) in Farads.

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AC THROUGH PURE CAPACITANCE

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AC THROUGH PURE CAPACITANCE

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AC THROUGH PURE CAPACITANCE

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AC THROUGH PURE CAPACITANCE
Capacitive reactance

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AC THROUGH PURE CAPACITANCE
Power

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AC THROUGH PURE CAPACITANCE
Power

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EXAMPLE

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EXAMPLE

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EXAMPLE

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
Impedance

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
Impedance

Therefore, Φ is positive for inductive impedance.

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
Power and power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
Power and power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
Power and power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
Power and power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
Power factor

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
Power and power triangle

Nature of power factor gives the position of current with respect to voltage

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT
Power and power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Impedance

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Impedance

Φ is negative for capacitive impedance

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Power & power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Power & power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Power & power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Power & power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Power & power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Power & power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Power & power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Power & power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Power & power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT
Power & power triangle

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

Because XL > XC
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AC THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

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