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NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Math Chapter 15
NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Math Chapter 15
Probability
Page No 308:
Question 1:
(ii) The probability of an event that cannot happen is _________. Such as event is
called _________.
(iv) The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is
_________.
(v) The probability of an event is greater than or equal to _______ and less than
or equal to _______.
Answer:
(i) 1
(iv) 1
(v) 0, 1
Question 2:
(i) A driver attempts to start a car. The car starts or does not start.
(ii) A player attempts to shoot a basketball. She/he shoots or misses the shot.
(iii) A trial is made to answer a true-false question. The answer is right or wrong.
Why is tossing a coin considered to be a fair way of deciding which team should
get the ball at the beginning of a football game?
Answer:
When we toss a coin, the possible outcomes are only two, head or tail, which are
equally likely outcomes. Therefore, the result of an individual toss is completely
unpredictable.
Question 4:
Answer:
Hence, (B)
Question 5:
We know that,
Question 6:
A bag contains lemon flavoured candies only. Malini takes out one candy without
looking into the bag. What is the probability that she takes out
(i) The bag contains lemon flavoured candies only. It does not contain any orange
flavoured candies. This implies that every time, she will take out only lemon
flavoured candies. Therefore, event that Malini will take out an orange flavoured
candy is an impossible event.
(ii)As the bag has lemon flavoured candies, Malini will take out only lemon
flavoured candies. Therefore, event that Malini will take out a lemon flavoured
candy is a sure event.
Question 7:
Probability that two students are not having same birthday P ( ) = 0.992
= 1 − 0.992
= 0.008
Question 8:
A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the
bag. What is the probability that the ball drawn is (i) red? (ii) not red?
Answer:
Question 9:
A box contains 5 red marbles, 8 white marbles and 4 green marbles. One marble
is taken out of the box at random. What is the probability that the marble taken out
will be (i) red? (ii) white? (iii) not green?
Answer:
= 17
Question 10:
A piggy bank contains hundred 50 p coins, fifty Rs 1 coins, twenty Rs 2 coins and
ten Rs 5 coins. If it is equally likely that one of the coins will fall out when the bank
is turned upside down, what is the probability that the coin
= 180
Question 11:
Gopi buys a fish from a shop for his aquarium. The shopkeeper takes out one fish
at random from a tank containing 5 male fish and 8 female fish (see the given
figure). What is the probability that the fish taken out is a male fish?
Answer:
= 5 + 8 = 13
Question 12:
(i) 8?
Answer:
(i)
(ii) Total number of odd numbers on spinner = 4
Question 13:
Question 14:
One card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of
getting
(v) a spade
Question 15:
Five cards−−the ten, jack, queen, king and ace of diamonds, are well -shuffled with
their face downwards. One card is then picked up at random.
(ii) If the queen is drawn and put aside, what is the probability that the second
card picked up is (a) an ace? (b) a queen?
Answer:
P (getting a queen)
(ii) When the queen is drawn and put aside, the total number of remaining cards
will be 4.
will be 0.
P (getting a queen) =0
Question 16:
12 defective pens are accidentally mixed with 132 good ones. It is not possible to
just look at a pen and tell whether or not it is defective. One pen is taken out at
random from this lot. Determine the probability that the pen taken out is a good
one.
Answer:
Question 17:
(i) A lot of 20 bulbs contain 4 defective ones. One bulb is drawn at random from
the lot. What is the probability that this bulb is defective?
(ii) Suppose the bulb drawn in (i) is not defective and is not replaced. Now one
bulb is drawn at random from the rest. What is the probability that this bulb is not
defective?
Answer:
Question 18:
A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc is drawn at
random from the box, find the probability that it bears
(ii) Perfect squares between 1 and 90 are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, and 8 1.
Therefore, total number of perfect squares between 1 and 90 is 9.
(iii) Numbers that are between 1 and 90 and divisible by 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20 , 25,
30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, and 90. Therefore, total numbers
divisible by 5 = 18
Page No 310:
Question 19:
A child has a die whose six faces shows the letters as given below:
The die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting (i) A? (ii) D?
Answer:
P (getting A)
P (getting D)
Question 20:
Suppose you drop a die at random on the rectangular region shown in the given
figure. What is the probability that it will land inside the circle with diameter 1 m?
Answer:
Area of rectangle = l × b = 3 × 2 = 6 m 2
A lot consists of 144 ball pens of which 20 are defective and the others are good.
Nuri will buy a pen if it is good, but will not buy if it is defective. The shopkeeper
draws one pen at random and gives it to her. What is the probability that
Two dice, one blue and one grey, are thrown at the same time.
(i) Write down all the possible outcomes and complete the following table:
Event:
Sum of two dice 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Probability
11 and 12. Therefore, each of them has a probability . Do you agree with this
argument?
Answer:
To get the sum as 4, possible outcomes = (3, 1), (1, 3), (2, 2)
To get the sum as 5, possible outcomes = (4, 1), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2)
To get the sum as 6, possible outcomes = (5, 1), (1, 5), (2, 4), (4, 2),
(3, 3)
To get the sum as 7, possible outcomes = (6, 1), (1, 6), (2, 5), (5, 2),
To get the sum as 8, possible outcomes = (6, 2), (2, 6), (3, 5), (5, 3),
(4, 4)
To get the sum as 9, possible outcomes = (3, 6), (6, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4)
To get the sum as 10, possible outcomes = (4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 5)
To get the sum as 11, possible outcomes = (5, 6), (6, 5)
Event:
Sum of two dice 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Probability
(ii)Probability of each of these sums will not be as these sums are not equally
likely.
Question 23:
A game consists of tossing a one rupee coin 3 times and noting its outcome each
time. Hanif wins if all the tosses give the same result i.e., three heads or three
tails, and loses otherwise. Calculate the probability that Hanif will lose the g ame.
Answer:
[Hint: Throwinga die twice and throwing two dice simultaneously are treated as
the same experiment].
Answer:
= 36
(i)Total number of outcomes when 5 comes up on either time are (5, 1), (5, 2), (5,
3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), (6, 5)
Question 25:
Which of the following arguments are correct and which are not correct? Give
reasons for your answer.
(i) If two coins are tossed simultaneously there are three possible outcomes−−two
heads, two tails or one of each. Therefore, for each of these outcomes, the
probability is .
(ii) If a die is thrown, there are two possible outcomes−−an odd number or an
(i) Incorrect
When two coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are (H, H), (H, T), (T, H), and
(T, T). It can be observed that there can be one of each in two possible ways −
(H, T), (T, H).
Therefore, the probability of getting two heads is , the probability of getting two
(ii) Correct
When a dice is thrown, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Out of
these, 1, 3, 5 are odd and 2, 4, 6 are even numbers.
Two customers Shyam and Ekta are visiting a particular shop in the same week
(Tuesday to Saturday). Each is equally likely to visit the shop on any day as on
another day. What is the probability that both will visit the shop on
(i) the same day? (ii) consecutive days? (iii) different days?
Answer:
There are a total of 5 days. Shyam can go to the shop in 5 ways and Ekta can go
to the shop in 5 ways.
i.e., (t, t), (w, w), (th, th), (f, f), (s, s)
(ii) They can reach on consecutive days in these 8 ways – (t, w), (w, th), (th, f), (f,
s), (w, t), (th, w), (f, th), (s, f).
A die is numbered in such a way that its faces show the number 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 6. It
is thrown two times and the total score in two throws is noted. Complete the
following table which gives a few values of the total score on the two throws:
What is the probability that the total score is
+ 122336
1 233447
2 344558
2 344558
3 455669
3 455669
6 7 8 8 9 9 12
P (getting sum as 6)
(iii) Total times when the sum is at least 6 (i.e., greater than 5) = 15
Given that,
Page No 312:
Question 5:
A jar contains 24 marbles, some are green and others are blue. If a marble is
drawn at random from the jar, the probability that it is green is . Find the number
of blue balls in the jar.
Answer: