important topics to must cover for finals
Thursday, June 2, 2022 6:22 PM
• important topics
LEC 1
○ definition of fisheries and fisheries biotechnology
○ present status and future prospects of
biotechnology
○ tehcnological progress in fish and shellsfish
improvement
LEC 2 and LEC 4
○ differentiate between genetic hybridisation and
transgenesis
○ genetic hybridisation with an example
○ which gene is interesting to me for trasngenesis
▪ ocean pout plus salmon growth hormone
○ what is transgenic fish
○ three genes for trangenesis
▪ somatrophic
▪ disease resistance genes
▪ anitfreeze genes
○ how does hybridisation technique improve the
genetic status of a fish
▪ intermediate of two parents
▪ relieves inbreeding depression
▪ increaes genetic diversity
▪ hybridisation plus introgression helps to
incorporate desirable traits from a different
species into a well performing species
▪ can create monosex population
○ how to produce a cold tolerant fish
▪ antifreeze protein
LEC 9
○ fish cell culture meaning
○ general conditions for fish cell culture
○ names of different techniques for fish cell culture
○ cell toxicity
LEC 6
○ three shrimp disease causing virus
○ general understanding of pathology in
aquaculture
○ pathology and epidemiology
○ determinant to understand a disease
determinants related to fish disease
○ how to maintain hygenic condition in a hatchery
○ authentic method to diagnose a shrimp disease
○ factors that influence the immune response of
fish
○ rapid detection of virus in shrimp
○ diagrammatical representation of four pillars of
fish cell lines used in environmental toxicology
○ define disease
○ diagnotis methods of WSSV of shrimp
LEC 3
○ what is molecular marker
○ practical applications of DNA markers in fisheries
sector
○ RAPD gives stronger variablity than RFLP marker
true or false
○ more variability with allozymes than SSCP true
or false
○ allozyme gives stronger variability than SNP
marker. true of false and explain
○ physical and genetic map
○ importance of gene mapping in aquaculture
LEC 5
○ sea food
○ applications of 3 medicinal products extracted
from the marine animals
○ value added products
○ how to produce value added products from
crustacean meals
○ benefits of canned fish
○ benefits of crustacean meal
○ biofuel from microalgae is more benefiacial than
terrestrial crops .. justify
○ how to produce crustacean meal
• 15. tagging
finals prep Page 1
LEC 5
• sea food
• applications of 3 medicinal products extracted from the
marine animals
• squalamine, anti-tumor from dogfish
• pseudopterosin, anitinflammatory sea whip
• discordermolide, anti-cancer
• value added products
• value added products are products whose worth or
value has been increased after undergoing simple
or complex processing. the added cost to the
product increases income. the value addition
caters to the needs of the consumers, increases
the variety of products in the market, increases the
nutritional value of the product
• benefits of canned fish
• the most effective long term preservation of the
fish, easy trasnportation, providing year round
supply of the particular fish that may not be caught
outside of a season LEC 6
• a value added product which may improve the ○ three shrimp disease causing virus
flavor of the fish or reduce the time needed to ○ general understanding of pathology in aquaculture
cook the fish , catering to the varied customer ○ pathology and epidemiology
preferences • epidemiology: study of disease in populations and of
factors that determine its occurrence
○ determinant to understand a disease determinants related to
• benefits of crustacean meal fish disease
• value added product: alternative protein source for • host :
slow release of nitrogen when used as a fertiliser, ○ species
means that it can be used near a water body as ○ genetics
there wont be problems from leaching ○ developmental stage
• can be used as a good feed ingredient if heads are ○ molting stage
included, providing a reasonable source of n-3 fatty ○ nutriitional condition
acid, cholesterol, and astaxanthin. used for ○ immunological state
aquaculture feeds. • agent
• making the feed palatable and acting as an ○ virulence
attractant at 1-2% ○ pathogenecity
• waste removal from the environment • environment
• avoids cost of waste remediation. total operating ○ temperatur e
and administrative cost decreased ○ salinity
○ oxygen
• biofuel from microalgae is more benefiacial than
○ soil
terrestrial crops .. justify
○ factors that influence the immune response of fish
1. higher oil yield per unit area is higher
• the stupid flowchart
2. requires less water than terrestrial plants
○ how to maintain hygenic condition in a hatchery
3. can be grown on marine brakish water or
how to maintain hygiene of a hatchery
nonarable land
1. broodstock testing
4. can be combined with CO2 emission areas to use
2. separation of generation
the excess CO2, thus also reducing the greenhouse
3. egg disinfection
gas level
4. maintain good larval nutrition to give good grow
5. when wasterwater is added it provides the
out fish
phoshorous and nitrogens therfore fertilisers not
5. control of environmental parameters
needed
6. training of to staff
6. pesticides are not necessary for algae culture
7. net cleaning and disinfection
7. residual algae can be used for ethanol production
8. material disinfection
8. growth conditions can be varied to manipulate the
9. controll of boats and movement of persons
biomass composition and even to enhance the
10. collection and destruction of dead fish
lipid content
11. water filtration
12. health monitoring
• how to produce crustacean meal
• how to produce value added products from crustacean
meals
○ diagnotis methods of WSSV of shrimp
•
○ authentic method to diagnose a shrimp disease
LEC 2: ○ rapid detection of virus in shrimp
• the names of different biotechnological approaches that are • gill staining
being used in the improvement of fish and shellfish • hemolymph smear
1. genetic hybridisation ○ diagrammatical representation of four pillars of fish cell lines
2. genetic sex selection used in environmental toxicology
3. artificial insemination ○ define disease
4. cryopreservation • any harmful deviation from the normal structural or
5. androgenesis and gynogeneris functional state of an organism, generally associated
6. sex reversal with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature
7. in vitro fertilisation from physical injury.
8. nuclear trasplantation
9. cell culture
10. polyploidy
11. monosex production
12. embryo manipulation
13. somatic cloning
14. marker techniques
16. gene sequencing
17. trasngenesis
• applications of androgenesis and gynogenesis
1. allows aquaculturists to obtain homozygous individuals
 1. allows aquaculturists to obtain homozygous individuals
in one generations, as compared to 20 generations
required by conventional inbreeding between full sibs.
2. allows the study of additive variance and heritability
because gynogenetic families have variance due to
mendalian sampling exerted upon the gametes
obtained from a hetergyzous female. in such a set up,
the total variance would equal additive variance, this is
because gynogens are homozygous and no dominance
variance can occur
3. elucidation of the sex determination system in the fish:
if all meiotic gynogens are females, it suggests that the
female is homgametic therefore the XX/XY system. if
they can be either all male or all female, then it means
that the female is heterogametic therefore the ZZ/ZW
system. in the homogametic female system, mitotic
gynogens are roughly half males and intersexes,
because the recessive homozygosity of cetain
autosomal loci interfere with the maj b
or sex determining system. therfore even though the
sex chromosomes are XX in the mitotic gynogen, some
of the loci of autosomal chromosomes are homozygous
recessive which override the normal sex determination
system of the sex chromosomes.

• how to produce homogametic monosex stocks of male and

female fish
• to make homogametic monosex stocks of female fish,
cross a genotypic female with masculinised phenotypic
male which is also XX. the result will be all female

• to make a homogametic monosex stock of male fish

○ cross hetergametic female species:
▪ male ZZ * feminised male ZZ
result is all ZZ : all males

• sex determination meaning

• diff between gynogenesis and androgenesis
• names of different sex determining system in fish
• what is sex reversal
• how to alter sex by exogenous steroids
• cross between gynogenetic female and masculinised
phenotypic male.. genotypes and phenotypes of their
offspring
• how to develop a mitotic gynogen population of fish
• importantce of monosex production in fish
• GMT production process
• polyploidy
• applications of troploidy for the improvement of shell fish
• makes it sterile
• energy is not used in reproduction
• flesh is sweeter not affected by gonad production
• muscle mass is higher

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