COLD WAR VS GLOBALIZATION
power so he allied himself with Germany,
after ww2 → cold war
Before ww1 → balkan war
Balkan war
- 2 wars during this war
- 1st balkan war - involved the states
of bulgaria, serbia and montenegro
where they were discussing pre war
settlements
- However the 2 states,
montenegro and serbia
attacked bulgaria
- 2nd balkan war - involved the
countries of serbia, romania, greece,
montenegro and the ottoman
empire
- The 4 states (serbia, romania,
greece, and montenegro)
fought the ottoman empire
(present day Turkey) and won
Brief History
World War I
- World War I, also known as the Great War,
or also known as “War to end all wars”
which is a failure
- began in 1914 after the assassination of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. His
murder catapulted into a war across
Europe that lasted until 1918.
- During the conflict, Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
(the Central Powers) fought against Great
Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania,
Japan and the United States (the Allied
Powers).
- Started after the balkan war, serbia and
austria and hungary. The serbian
government wanted to expand its territory
and the wanted to liberate the south slavs
of Austria-Hungary which led and the
resulted to the assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife by a
serbian extremist
- Germany came into picture when Kaiser
Wilhelm the 2nd didn't want Russia and
Great Britain to have more influence or
Austria and hungary.
World War II
- The instability created in Europe by
the First World War (1914-18) set the
stage for another international
conflict World War II which broke out
two decades later and would prove
even more devastating.
- Rising to power in an economically
and politically unstable Germany,
Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party,
rearmed the nation and signed
strategic treaties with Italy and
Japan to further his ambitions of
world domination.
- Hitler's invasion of Poland in
September 1939 drove Great Britain
and France to declare war on
Germany, marking the beginning of
World War II. Over the next six years,
the conflict would take more lives
and destroy more land and property
around the globe than any previous
war.
- Estimated 40-60 million deaths w/ 6
million of these were jews in nazi
concentration camps as part of
hitlers final project solution known as
Holocaust
- With a few battles known as battle of
atlantic, battle of dunkirk, battle of
moscow, battle of pearl harbor,
battle of midway (retaliation of US to
the attack on pearl harbor), battle of
phil. Sea, battle of leyte gulf
- Ended when Germany surrendered
and when Japan surrendered to
general douglas mcarthur.
- Also called “Biggest and Deadliest
War” In history
Cold War
- The Cold war rivalry between the US
and the Soviet Union
- Lasted in 4 decades
- Resulted in anti-communist suspicios
and international incidents that led
the two superpowers to the brink of
nuclear disaster
- A tension (geographical and
economical) and struggle between
the 2
 - Iron Curtain government spending to stimulate the
private sector.
- Neoliberalism is an idea which
believes the society should be
shaped by the free market
• It sees free market and free trade as a
foundation for human flourishing, creating
- most favorable conditions for individual
- The political, military and
liberties, job growth, technological
ideological barrier erected by
innovation and others.
the Soviet Union after World
• Neoliberalism is related to laissez-faire, a
War II to seal off itself and its
school of thought that prescribes a minimal
dependent eastern and
amount of government interference into
central European allies from
the economic issues of individuals and
open contact with the West
society.
and other noncommunist
- It believes that the public sector
areas.
should not only follow the private
- Berlin Wall
sector rule but it should also subsidize
- Aug, 12-13, 1961 where East
the private sector
German soldiers laid down
more than 30 miles of barbed
wire barrier through the heart
of Berlin

Cold war setting the stage for globalization

CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOLIBERALISM
- With the collapse of the Soviet Union
1. Privatization
in 1989 and the end of Cold War in
2. Deregulation
1991, the world become
3. Free Trade
interconnected
4. Reducing the Public Expenditure
> Trade and Investment increased (have
5. Elimination of the Public Good
been allowed to travel between borders,
allowed to build businesses, prohibition
Privatization
among certain states were lowered)
- privatization is the transfer of public
>Barriers to migration and to cultural
assets to the private sector through
exchange were lowered (Seeking to go to
different means like sale or lease of
another country)
government land, infrastructure, and
>Technological advances (invention of
other different ventures.
computers and internet and platforms)
- Privatization may be in the form of
> Further destruction of the environment
delegation of power and
(cost of human consumption where
deregulation of entry in certain
resources are gathered which affects the
business sector or activities which
environment)
were in the past considered as
>Emergence of New Powers (there will
public monopolies
always be a threat to a certain state or
- Sell state-owned enterprises, goods
country)
and services to private investors. This
includes banks, key industries,
NEOLIBERALISM
railroads, toll highways, electricity,
• Neoliberalism is an economic philosophy
schools, hospitals and even fresh
that conceptually describes a move
water. Although usually done in the
towards free markets, capitalism, and a
name of greater efficiency, which is
diversion from government ownership
often needed, privatization has
• The typical policies associated with
mainly had the effect of
neoliberalism include free trade,
concentrating wealth even more in
globalization, privatization, and changes in
a few hands and making the public
pay even more for its needs.

Deregulation
- Deregulation is the removal or
reduction of government regulations
in a specific industry. The goals are
to allow industries to operate
businesses more freely, make
decisions efficiently, and remove
corporate restrictions.
- Reduce government regulation of
everything that could diminish profits,
including protecting the
environment and safety on the job.
Free Trade
- Free trade is the idea that things
should be able to be traded
between countries with as few
restrictions or limitations as possible.
- goods and services can be bought
and sold across international borders
with little or no government tariffs,
quotas, subsidies, or prohibitions to
inhibit their exchange.
Reducing Public Expenditure and
Elimination of the Public Good
- Limits on government spending,
government regulation, and public
ownership.
GLOBAL NORTH
- the global North refers to developed
societies of Europe and North
America, which are characterized
by established democracy, wealth,
technological advancement,
political stability, aging population,
zero population growth and
dominance of world trade and
politics.
- The countries, located primarily in
the northern hemisphere, that have
historically been identified as "the
West" or "first world" due to
perceptions of their relative wealth,
technology, and global dominance
- A geographic and economic term
commonly used in the fields of
international education and
international development referring
to wealthier nations in Western
Europe and North America.
- Refers to countries with the highest
level of development, highest level
of industrialization and mature
democracies. These nations are
highly industrialized, have political
and economic stability and have
high levels of human health.
- Global North - first world nations
which are highly industrialized
GLOBAL SOUTH
- The Global South is generally
understood to refer to less
economically developed countries.
It is a broad term that comprises a
variety of states with diverse levels of
economic, cultural, and political
influence in the international order
- • refers to the countries of the rest of
the world, most of which are in the
Southern Hemisphere. Most of the
Global South is in South and Central
America, Africa, and Asia.
- • A term referring to less developed
countries characterized by low level
of economic development, large
inequalities in living standards and
low life expectancy. Loosely entails
poor southern countries that are
frantically seeking to transform their
economies
How did neoliberalism affect global north
and global south
• Neoliberalism has had a profound
impact in relation to increasing levels of
inequality and poverty, new forms of
accumulation by dispossession such as the
privatization of the commons and the rise
in power of finance capital at both the
national and international level.
• the rich continue to become richer and
the poor poorer.
ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST
GLOBALIZATION

Pros
• Economic Growth
- Access to labor:access to a wider
labor pool. Developing nations with
a shortage of knowledge workers
might, for example, "import" labor to
kickstart industry.
- Access to jobs: developing nations
often gain access to jobs in the form
of work that's been outsourced by
wealthier nations.
- Access to resources:. Without this
flow of resources across borders,
many modern luxuries would be
impossible to manufacture or
produce.
- Increased Global Cooperation -act
of all countries working together to
accomplish global issues and
missions.
- Increased Cross-Border Investment
globalization has led to an increase
in cross-border investment. At the
macroeconomic level, this
international investment has been
shown to enhance welfare on both
sides of the equation.
Cons
• Increased Competition
- decreases your market share and shrinks
your customer base
- A competitive market can also force you
to lower your prices to stay competitive,
decreasing your return on each item you
produce and sell.
Disproportionate Growth
-The growing gap between rich and poor.
Despite progress in some countries, income
and wealth are increasingly concentrated
at the top. The share of income going to
the richest 1 percent of the global
population increased 46 out of 57.
Meanwhile, the bottom 40 percent earned
less than 25 percent of income