Gun diode

A Gunn diode, also known as a Gunn oscillator or transferred

electron device (TED), is a semiconductor device used primarily in
microwave and millimeter-wave frequency generation. It was named
after physicist John Battiscombe Gunn, who discovered the Gunn effect in
1963.

1. Working Principle: Gunn diodes rely on the Gunn effect, which is a

quantum mechanical phenomenon. In a semiconductor material with
a specific structure, known as a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) or similar
compound, electrons can transit from a low-mobility to a high-
mobility state when subjected to a high electric field. This transition
occurs in a specific region of the diode's crystal structure.

2. Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) : One of the most notable

characteristics of a Gunn diode is its negative differential resistance
region. In this region, the current decreases as the voltage across
the diode increases. This is the key to its oscillation properties.

3. Oscillation: When a voltage is applied across a Gunn diode within

the NDR region, it can produce microwave or millimeter-wave
signals. The diode generates a high-frequency oscillation due to the
negative differential resistance, making it useful for various
applications in radiofrequency electronics.
4. Frequency Range: Gunn diodes are typically used for frequencies
ranging from about 10 GHz to several hundred GHz. This range
makes them valuable for applications such as radar systems,
communication equipment, and even some types of electronic
testing.

5. Applications: Gunn diodes are used in a variety of applications,

including:

o Signal Generation: They are commonly employed as local

oscillators in microwave receivers and transmitters.
o Radar Systems: Gunn diodes are used in radar systems for
target detection, tracking, and imaging.
o Millimeter-Wave Communication: They play a role in point-to-
point communication systems and are a key component in
building wireless backhaul links.
o Testing and Measurement: Gunn diodes can be used in
equipment for testing and measuring microwave signals.

‫ ايمان محمد عبدالمحسن احمد‬:‫االسم‬

1 :‫سكشن‬