Std10 Physics

10 YEAR QUESTIONS REVIEW

Ch 11 CALORIMETRY
1. a) Define Calorimetry (3) ICSE2011
Calorimetry is a branch of thermodynamic that measures the amount of heat
gained or lost by a body when it is mixed with other body
b) Differentiate between heat and temperature
HEAT TEMPERATURE
Internal energy flowing from a hot body Degree of hotness or coldness of a
to a cold body, when placed in contact body
S.I. unit: Joule (J) S.I. unit: kelvin (K)
Temperature of a body depends
Amount of heat contained in a body
on the average kinetic energy of
depends on the mass, material and
the molecules due to their
temperature of the body
random motion
Measured by the principle of
Measured by a thermometer
calorimetry
2. 200 g of hot water at 80ºC is added to 300 g of cold water at 10ºC. Calculate (2) ICSE2011
the final temperature of the mixture of water. Consider the heat taken by
the container to by negligible. [Take specific heat capacity of water as
4200 J kg–1 ºC–1].
Let the final temperature be TºC. By the principle of calorimetry,
Heat lost by hot water = heat gained by cold water
m1c(t1-T) = m2c(T-T2)
200 g x 4.2 J/g K x (80 – T) = 300 g x 4.2 J/g K x (T – 10)
160 – 2T = 3T – 30
5T = 190
T = 190/5 = 38oC
3. (i) Explain why the weather becomes very cold after a hail storm. (3) ICSE2011
As the ice starts melting after a hail storm, it absorbs latent heat of fusion from
the surrounding air. This leads to the cooling of atmosphere.
(ii) What happens to the heat supplied to a substance when the heat
supplied causes no change in the temperature of the substance?
Heat supplied to a substance during its change of state is called latent heat. It is
used up in increasing the potential energy of the molecules of the substance and
 change the intermolecular spaces between them. Hence there is no change of
temperature.
4. (i) When 1 g of ice at 0 ºC melts to form 1 g of water at 0 ºC then, is the latent (3) ICSE2011
heat absorbed by the ice or given out by it?
Latent heat is absorbed by ice. Each gram of ice absorbs nearly 336 J of heat
when it melts into water at 0ºC
(ii) Give one example where high specific heat capacity of water is used as
a heat reservoir. Hot water bottles are used for fomentation since water has a
high specific heat capacity and does not cool quickly. It provides heat at a slow
rate over an extended period of time.
(iii) Give one example where high specific heat capacity of water is used
for cooling purposes. It is used as coolant by flowing it in pipes around the
heated part of machines, as it has a high specific heat capacity value and absorbs
a large amount of heat without increasing in temperature significantly.
5. 250 g of water at 30ºC is present in a copper vessel of mass 50 g. Calculate (4) ICSE2011
the mass of ice required to bring down the temperature of the vessel and
its contents to 5ºC. Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 × 103 J kg–1
Specific heat capacity of copper vessel = 400 J kg–1 ºC–1; Specific heat
capacity of water = 4200 J kg–1 ºC–1]
HOT COLD
VESSEL WATER ICE
Mass, M = 50 g Mass, m1 = 250 g Mass, m2 = m
Temp, T1 = 30oC Temp, T1 = 30oC Temp, T2 = 0oC
C = 400 J/kg K c1 = 4200 J/kg K L = 336000 J/kg
Final Temperature, T = 5oC
As per principle of calorimetry,
Heat lost by hot body = heat gained by cold body
MC(T1-T) + m1c1(T1-T) = m2L +m2c1(T-0)
[(50 x 0.4 x (30-5)+(250x4.2x(30-5)] = [336m + (m x 4.2 x 5)] = 357 m
Mass of ice, m = [500 + 26250]/357 = 26750/357 = 74.93 g
6. Differentiate between heat capacity and specific heat capacity. (2) ICSE2012
HEAT CAPACITY SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
1. It is the amount of heat energy It is the amount of heat energy
required to raise the temperature of required to raise the temperature of
the entire body by 1oC. unit mass of the body by 1oC.
2. SI Unit: J K-1 SI unit: J kg-1 K-1
7. A hot solid of mass 60 g at 100ºC is placed in 150 g of water at 20ºC. The (2) ICSE2012
final steady temperature recorded is 25ºC. Calculate the specific heat
capacity of the solid. [Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg–1 ºC–1]
HOT COLD
Mass, m1 = 60 g Mass, m2 = 150 g
Let specific heat capacity be c c = 4.2 J/g K
Temperature, t1 = 100oC temperature, t2 = 20oC
Final temperature, t = 25oC
By principle of calorimetry, heat gained by cold body = heat lost by hot body
m1c1(t1 – t) = m2c2 (t – t2)
60 x c x (100 – 25) = 150 x 4.2 x (25 – 20)
4500c = 3150
c = 0.7 J/g K or 700 J/kg K
8. (i) Write an expression for the heat energy liberated by a hot body. (3) ICSE2012
Heat liberated by hot body,
Q = mass (m) × sp. heat capacity (c) × fall in temperature (Δt)
(ii) Some heat is provided to a body to raise its temperature by 25ºC. What
will be the corresponding rise in temperature of the body as shown on the
kelvin scale? 25 K (rise in celsius scale = rise in kelvin scale)
(iii) What happens to the average kinetic energy of the molecules as ice
melts at 0ºC? average KE of the molecules remains the same during state
change (no change in temperature)
9. A piece of ice at 0ºC is heated at a constant rate and its temperature (3) ICSE2012
recorded at regular intervals till steam is formed at 100ºC. Draw a
temperature – time graph to represent the change in phase. Label the
different parts of your graph.
1 mark – axes labels
1 mark – shape of curve
1 mark – MP & BP values
shown
10. 40 g of ice at 0ºC is used to bring down the temperature of a certain mass
of water at 60ºC to 10ºC. Find the mass of water used. [Specific heat
capacity of water = 4200 J kg–1 ºC–1; Specific latent heat of fusion of ice =
336 × 103 J kg–1]
Heat absorbed by ice to form water at 0ºC = 40 g × 336 J/g = 13440 J
Heat absorbed by water at 0º to attain temperature of 10ºC = mcΔt
= 40 g × 4.2 Jg–1 ºC–1 × 10ºC = 1680 J
Total heat absorbed = (13440 + 1680) J = 15120 J
Heat given out by water at 60ºC = mcΔt = m × 4.2 J/g ºC × 50ºC = 210 m J g–1
As per principle of calorimetry,
Heat given out = Heat absorbed
210 m J/g = 15120 J → m = 15120 J ÷210 J/g = 72 g
11. Define the term ‘Heat capacity’ and state its S.I. unit. (2) ICSE2013
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given mass
of a substance through 1 K (or 1oC) is called its heat capacity.
S.I. Unit: J K-1
12. How much heat energy is released when 5 g of water at 20ºC changes to (2) ICSE2013
ice at 0ºC? [Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g–1 oC–1; Specific latent
heat of fusion of ice = 336 J g–1]
Heat energy released in cooling water from 5oC to 0oC
= mcΔt = 5 x 4.2 x 20 = 420 J
Heat energy released in freezing water = mL = 5 × 336 = 1680 J
Total heat energy released = (1680 + 420) J = 2100 J
13. (i) It is observed that the temperature of the surrounding starts falling (3) ICSE2013
when the ice in a frozen lake starts melting. Give a reason for the
observation.
Every kilogram of ice at 0oC on melting to form water at 0oC needs 336 × 103 J
of heat energy as its specific latent heat is 336 × 103 J. This heat energy is
supplied by the surrounding of the lake, which in turn results in the fall in
temperature.
(ii) How is the heat capacity of the body related to its specific heat
capacity? Heat capacity of a body (c’) = mass (m) x specific heat capacity (c)
14. (i) Why does a bottle of soft drink cool faster when surrounded by ice (3) ICSE2013
cubes than by ice cold water, both at 0ºC ?
Every gram of ice surrounding the soft drink extracts out 336 J of heat energy
from it. However, in case of cold water, it will extract out only 4.2 J of heat
energy per gram. Furthermore, the temperature of surrounding water starts
rising. Thus, soft-drink bottle cools better in case of ice.
(ii) A certain amount of heat Q will warm 1 g of material X by 3ºC and 1 g
of material Y by 4ºC. Which material has a higher specific heat capacity.
Material X has higher specific heat capacity compared to material Y. It is
because for the mass amount of heat its temperature rises less than Y and
specific heat capacity of a substance is inversely proportional to the rise in
1
temperature (c ∝ 𝛥𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝).

15. A calorimeter of mass 50 g and specific heat capacity 0.42 J g –1 ºC–1 (4) ICSE2013
contains some mass of water at 20ºC. A metal piece of mass 20 g at 100ºC
is dropped into the calorimeter. After stirring, the final temperature of
the mixture is found to be 22ºC. Find the mass of water used in the
calorimeter. [specific heat capacity of the metal piece = 0.3 J g–1 ºC–1;
specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g–1 ºC–1]
HOT METAL COLD (Calorimeter + water)
Mass, m1 = 20 g Mass, M = 50 g Let mass of water, m2 = m
Temp, t1 = 100oC Temp t2 = 20oC temp, t2 = 20oC
c1 = 0.3 J/g K C = 0.42 J/g K C = 4.2 J/g K
Final temp, t = 22oC
By principle of calorimetry, heat gained by cold body = heat gained by hot body
m1c1 (t1 – t) = MC (t – t2) + m1c1(t – t2)
20 x 0.3 x (100 – 22) = [50 x 0.42 x (22 – 20)] + [m x 4.2 x (22 – 20)]
468 = 42 + 8.4m
m = 426/8.4 = 50.71 g
16. 50 g of metal piece at 27ºC requires 2400 J of heat energy so as to attain (2) ICSE2014
a temperature of 327ºC. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal.
m = 50 g; Δt = 327ºC – 27ºC = 300ºC = 300 K, Q = 2400 J.
c = Q/mΔt ➔ c = 2400/(50 x 300)
c = 0.16 J g-1 K-1
17. Heat energy is supplied at a constant rate to 100 g of ice at 0ºC. The ice is (3) ICSE2014
converted into water at 0ºC in 2 minutes. How much time will be required
to raise the temperature of water from 0ºC to 20ºC? [Given: sp. heat
capacity of water = 4.2 J g–1 ºC–1, sp. latent heat of ice = 336 J g–1].
m = 100g, t = 2 minutes = 2 × 60 s
Heat energy taken by ice at 0ºC to convert to water at 0ºC.
Q = mL = 100 × 336 = 33600 J
P = Q/t = 33600/(2 x 60) = 280 W
The heat energy required to convert water at 0ºC to 20ºC
Q’ = mcΔt = 100 × 4.2 × 20 = 8400 J
T = Q/P = 8400 J / 280 W = 30 s or 0.5 min
18. Specific heat capacity of substance A is 3.8 J g–1 K–1 whereas the specific (3) ICSE2014
heat capacity of substance B is 0.4 J g–1 K–1.
(i) Which of the two is a good conductor of heat? Substance B
(ii) How is one led to the above conclusion? Because specific capacity of B
is less than that of A. [lower the specific heat capacity, better the conductor]
(iii) If substances A and B are liquids then which one would be more
useful in car radiators? Substance A is more useful in car radiator as it can
absorb greater heat without significant rise in temperature.
19. Rishi is surprised when he sees water boiling at 115ºC in a container. Give (2) ICSE2015
reasons as to why water can boil at the above temperature.
Water might have some impurities (eg., salt) dissolved in it or it may be under
excess pressure conditions. Because the boiling point of liquid (water)
increases by the addition of impurities (eg., salt) to it or by increasing pressure.
20. Which property of water makes it an effective coolant? (1) ICSE2015
Water has a high specific heat capacity due to which is can absorb large amount
of heat from its surroundings without a significant rise in temperature.
21. (i) Water in lakes and ponds do not freeze at once in cold countries. Give (4) ICSE2015
a reason in support of your answer.
The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is sufficiently high (336 J/g) so to freeze
water, a large quantity of heat has to be withdrawn, hence it freezes slowly.
Also, once the top layer of the water body turns to ice, it insulates the lower
denser layers of water from freezing.
 (ii) What is the principle of Calorimetry?
The principle of the method of mixtures or principle of calorimetry states that
the heat lost by a hot body is equal to the heat gained by the cold body when
they are mixed together and attain the same temperature.
(iii) Name the law on which this principle is based. Law of conservation of
energy
(iv) State the effect of an increase of impurities on the melting point of
ice. The melting point of ice decreases by increase of impurities in it.
22. A refrigerator converts 100 g of water at 20°C to ice at -10°C in 35 (4) ICSE2015
minutes. Calculate the average rate of heat extraction in terms of watts.
Given: Specific heat capacity of ice = 2.1 J g–1 °C–1.
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g–1 °C–1.
Specific Latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 J g–1
Mass of water, m = 0.1 kg = 100 g
Temperature of water, t1 = 20oC
Amount of heat extracted from water as it cools from 20oC to 0oC
Q1 = mcΔt = 100 x 4.2 x (20 – 0) = 8400 J
Amount of heat extracted when water at 0oC freezes to ice at 0oC
Q2 = mL = 100 x 336 = 33600 J
Amount of heat extracted when ice at 0oC converts to ice at -10oC
Q3 = mcΔt = 100 x 2.1 x (0 - -10) = 100 x 21 = 2100 J
Total heat extracted = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = 44100 J
Rate of heat extraction, P = Q/t = 44100/(35 x 60)
P = 21 W
23. Calculate the mass of ice required to lower the temperature of 300 g of (2) ICSE2016
water 40oC to water at 0oC. (sp. latent heat of ice = 336 J/g, sp. heat
capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1)
Let m be the mass of the ice to be added.
Heat energy required to melt to lower the temperature is = mL = m × 336
Heat energy imparted by the water in fall of its temperature from 40°C to 0°C
= mcΔt = 300 × 4.2 × 40°C = 50400 J
If there is no loss of heat, 336m = 50400 → m = 50400/336 = 150 g
24. What do you understand by the following statements? (2) ICSE2016
(i) The heat capacity of the body is 60 J K-1
Heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a body
by 1°C or 1 K. Thus, 60 J of energy is required to raise the temperature of the
given body by 1 K.
(ii) The specific heat capacity of lead is 130 J kg-1 K-1
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of unit mass of a substance through 1°C or 1 K. Thus, 130 J of heat
energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of lead through 1 K.
25. (i) What is the principle of method of mixtures? (3) ICSE2016
The principle of method of mixture says that the heat lost by a hot body is equal
to the heat gained by a cold body provided no heat is last to the surroundings.
(ii) What is the other name given to it? Principle of calorimetry
(iii) Name the law on which the principle is based. Law of conservation of
energy
26. Some ice is heated at a constant rate, and its temperature is recorded (3) ICSE2016
after every few seconds, till steam is formed at 100°C. Draw a
temperature time graph to represent the change. Label the 2 phase
changes in your graph.
1 mark – axes labels
1 mark – shape of curve
1 mark – MP & BP values shown

27. A copper vessel of mass 100 g contains 150 g of water at 50°C. How much (4) ICSE2016
ice is needed to cool it to 5°C? Given: sp. heat capacity of copper = 0.4 J g-1
K-1; sp. heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 K-1 and sp. latent heat of fusion ice
= 336 J g–1.
HOT (Calorimeter + hot water) COLD (ice)
M = 100 g m1 = 150 g m2 = m
C = 0.4 J/ g K c1 = 4.2 J/g K L = 336 J/g
Temp, t1 = 50oC Temp, t1 = 50oC Temp, t2 = 0oC
Final temperature, t = 5oC
By principle of calorimetry, heat gained by cold body = heat lost by hot body
m2L + m2c (t – t2) = MC (t1 – t) + m1c1 (t1 – t)
336m + (m x 4.2 x 5) = [100 x 0.4 x 45] + [150 x 4.2 x 45]
 357m = 1800 + 28350 → m = 30150/357 → m = 84.45 g
28. Define heat capacity and state its SI unit. (2) ICSE2017
Heat capacity of a body is the heat energy required to raise the temperature of
the body by 1°C. Its S.I. unit is J/K.
29. Why is the base of a cooking pan generally made thick? (2) ICSE2017
The base is thick hence the mass of the base is more. This increases the heat
capacity which enables the pan to hold a large amount of heat energy at a low
temperature. The food is cooked properly and remains warm for a long time.
30. A solid of mass 50 g at 150°C is placed in 100 g of water at 11°C, when the (2) ICSE2017
final temperature recorded is 20°C. Find the specific heat capacity of the
solid. (Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J/g°C)
Heat lost by solid = Heat gained by water
m1c1Δt1 = m2c2Δt2
50 × c × (150 – 20) = 100 × 4.2 × (20 – 11)
c = (100 x 4.2 x 9) / (50 x 130) → c = 0.582 J g-1 oC-1
31. (i) How is the transference of heat energy by radiation prevented in a (3) ICSE2017
calorimeter? The outer and inner surfaces of the calorimeter are polished to
reduce loss of heat due to radiation
(ii) You have a choice of three metals, A, B and C, of specific heat capacities
900 J kg–1 °C–1, 380 J kg–1 °C–1 and 460 J kg–1 °C–1 respectively, to make a
calorimeter. Which material will you select? Justify your answer?
Metal B is selected since metal B has lowest specific heat capacity among the
three. Thus, the amount of heat energy taken by the calorimeter from its
contents to acquire the temperature of its contents is negligible.
32. Calculate the mass of ice needed to cool 150 g of water contained in a (3) ICSE2017
calorimeter of mass 50 g at 30°C such that the final temperature is 5°C.
Specific heat capacity of calorimeter 0.4 J/g°C
Specific heat capacity of water 4.2 J/g°C
Latent heat capacity of ice 330 J/g
Heat gained by ice = mL + mcΔT = m(330 + 4.2 × 5) = 351m J
Heat given out by water and calorimeter
= (150 × 4.2 + 50 × 0.4) × (32 – 5) = 17550 J
Mass of ice = 17550/351 = 50 g
33. (i) How can a temperature in degree Celsius be converted into SI unit of (2) ICSE2018
temperature? Temperature in kelvin = temperature in Celsius + 273.15
 (ii) A liquid X has the maximum specific heat capacity and is used as a
coolant in Car radiators. Name the liquid X. water
34. A solid metal weighing 150 g melts at its melting point of 800°C by (2) ICSE2018
providing heat at the rate of 100 W. The time taken for it to completely
melt at the same temperature is 4 minutes. What is the specific latent
heat of fusion of the metal?
Using Q = m x L and Q = P x t
100 × 4 × 60 = 150 × 10–3 × L → L = 24000 x 1000/150 = 160000 J/kg
35. (i) Heat supplied to a solid change it into liquid. What is this change in (3) ICSE2018
phase called? Melting or fusion
(ii) During the phase change does the average kinetic energy of the
molecules of the substance increase? No. It remains the same
(iii) What is the energy absorbed during the phase change called? Latent
heat of fusion
36. (i) State two differences between "Heat Capacity" and "Specific Heat (3) ICSE2018
Capacity".
HEAT CAPACITY SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
It is the amount of heat energy It is the amount of heat energy required
required to raise the temperature to raise the temperature of unit mass of
of the entire body by 1oC. SI Unit: J the body by 1oC. SI unit: Unit: J kg-1 K-1
K-1
Depends on both the substance Does not depend on the mass of the
and mass of the body. More the body, but is a characteristic property of
mass, more the heat capacity the substance of the body
(ii) Give a mathematical relation between Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
Capacity Heat capacity (c’) = specific heat capacity (c) x mass (m)
37. The temperature of 170 g of water at 50°C is lowered to 5°C by adding (4) ICSE2018
certain amount of ice to it. Find the mass of ice added. Given: specific heat
capacity of water = 4200 J kg–1 °C–1 and Specific latent heat of ice 336000
J kg–1.
Let mass of ice = m; Mass of water = 170 g
Initial temperature of water = 50°C; Final temperature of the mixture = 5°C
Latent heat required to change m g of ice at 0°C to m g of water at 0°C = 336 m
Heat required to change m g of water at 0°C to 5°C = m × 4.2 × (5 – 0) J = 21 m
Total heat absorbed by ice = 336m + 21m = 357m
Heat lost by 170 g of water to reach 5°C from 50°C
 = 170 × 4.2 × (50 – 5) = 32130 J
By principle of calorimetry; Heat lost by hot body = Heat gained by cold body
→ 357m = 32130 or m = 90 g
38. The specific heat capacity of a substance A is 3,800 J kg–1 K–1 and that of a (2) ICSE2019
substance B is 400 J kg–1 K–1. Which of the two substances is a good
conductor of heat? Give a reason for your answer.
Substance B is good conductor of heat. B has high conductivity because it has
low specific heat capacity. Low specific heat capacity = good conductor of heat.
39. State whether the specific heat capacity of a substance remains the same (2) ICSE2019
when its state changes from solid to liquid. Given one example to support
your answer. No, specific heat capacity changes from solid to liquid. For e.g.,
ice (2100 J/kg K) and water (4200 J/kg K) have different specific heat capacity.
40. (i) Define Calorimetry. The measurement of heat energy that means heat lost (3) ICSE2019
or gained is called calorimetry.
(ii) Name the material used for making a Calorimeter. Copper
(iii) Why is a Calorimeter made up of thin sheets of the above material
answered in (ii)? Copper has low specific heat capacity and if we use thin
sheets, the thermal capacity further decreases therefore we made it thin sheets
of copper
41. The melting point of naphthalene is 80°C and the room temperature is (3) ICSE2019
30°C. A sample of liquid naphthalene at 100°C is cooled down to the room
temperature. Draw a temperature time graph to represent this cooling.
In the graph, mark the region which corresponds to the freezing process.
axes labelled – 1 mark
shape of curve – 1 mark
f=freezing point – 1 mark
42. 104 g of water at 30°C is taken in a calorimeter made of copper of mass (4) ICSE2019
42g. When a certain mass of ice at 0°C is added to it, the final temperature
of the mixture after the ice has melted, was found to be 10° C. Find the
mass of ice added. [Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g–1°C–1; Specific
latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 J g–1; Specific heat capacity of copper =
0.4 J g–1 °C-1]
HOT (Calorimeter + water) COLD (ice)
M = 42 g m1 = 104 g m2 = m
T1 = 30oC T1 = 30oC T2 = 0oC
C = 0.4 J/g K c1 = 4.2 J/g K L = 336 J/g
Final Temperature, t = 10oC

By principle of calorimetry, heat lost by hot body = heat gained by cold body
[MC + m1c1](t1 – t) = m2L + m2c1 (t – t2)
[(42 x 0.4) + (104 x 4.2)] (30 – 10) = 336m + m x 4.2 x (10 – 0)
(16.8 + 436.8) x 20 = 378m
m = 9072/378 = 24 g
43. Why does stone lying in the sun get heated up much more than water (2) ICSE2020
lying for the same duration of time?
The stone lying in the sun get heated much more than water lying for the same
duration of time. It is because the specific heat capacity of stone is less than
that of water, due to which the temperature of stone is more.
44. Two metallic blocks P and Q having masses in ratio 2 : 1 are supplied with (2) ICSE2020
the same amount of heat. If their temperatures rise by same degree,
compare their specific heat capacities.
Specific heat capacity, c = Q/mΔT
1
For the same amount of heat supplied and same rise in temperature, c ∝ 𝑚
𝑐 𝑚𝑄
Thus, 𝑐𝑃 = → cP : cQ = 1 : 2
𝑄 𝑚𝑃

45. (i) Define heat capacity of a substance. (3) ICSE2020

The amount of heat which is to be supplied to a given mass of a material to ICSE2021
produce a unit change in its temperature, is known as heat capacity.
(ii) Write the SI unit of heat capacity. J/K
(iii) What is the relationship between heat capacity and specific heat
capacity of a substance? Heat capacity (c’) = sp. heat capacity (c) x mass (m)
46. The diagram below shows the change of phases of a substance on a (3) ICSE2020
temperature vs time graph on heating the
substance at a constant rate.
(i) Why is the slope of CD less than slope of
AB? In the given graph, AB represents the
specific heat of solid phase and CD represents the
specific heat of Liquid phase. Since, the specific heat of solid phase is always
greater than that of liquid phase. So, due to this reason, the slope of CD is less
than that of AB.
(ii) What is the boiling and melting point of the substance?
t1 is the melting point because, here solid is changing into liquid and t2 is the
boiling point because, here liquid is changing into gas
47. A piece of ice of mass 60 g is dropped into 140 g of water at 50°C. Calculate (4) ICSE2020
the final temperature of water when all the ice has melted. (Assume no
heat is lost to the surrounding) Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g –1
k–1; Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 J g-1.
ICE: mass, m2 = 60 g; temp t2 = 0°C
WATER, mass m1 = 140 g; temp t1 = 50°C.
Let T be the final temperature of water.
By Principle of Calorimetry, heat gained by ice = heat lost by water
m2L + m2c (T – 0) = m1c(t1 – T)
(60 x 336) + (60 x 4.2 x T) = 140 x 4.2 x (50 – T)
20160 + 252T = 588 (50 – T) = 29400 – 588 T
252T + 588T = 29400 – 20160 = 9240
840T = 9240 → 11oC
48. Which has more heat – one gram of ice at 0oC or water at 0oC? Give reason. (2) ICSE2021
Water at 0oC has more heat than ice. This is because every gram of ice at 0oC
absorbs 336 J of heat to melt into water at 0oC.
49. (i) State any two differences between heat and temperature. (3) ICSE2021
HEAT TEMPERATURE
Internal energy flowing from a hot body to a Degree of hotness or
cold body, when placed in contact coldness of a body
S.I. unit: Joule (J) S.I. unit: kelvin (K)
 (ii) Why does the weather become pleasant initially, when water starts
freezing in cold countries?
The surroundings become pleasantly warm when water in a lake starts
freezing in cold countries because the specific latent heat of freezing of ice is
very high, hence large quantity of heat is released when the water in the lake
freezes.
50. (i) What meant by the statement: heat capacity of a substance is 400 J/K? (3) ICSE2021
It implies that 400 J of heat is absorbed by the substance in order to rise in
temperature by one kelvin.
(ii) State two factors on which heat absorbed by a substance depends.
Heat absorbed by a substance depends on – mass of the substance, material of
the substance and its rise in temperature.
51. 200 g of hot water at 80°C is added to 300 g of cold water at 10°C. (4) ICSE2021
Assuming no loss of heat to the surroundings, calculate the final
temperature of the mixture of the water. [Specific heat capacity of water
= 4200 J kg-1 K-1]
HOT WATER COLD WATER
m1 = 200 g m2 = 300 g
t1 = 80oC t2 = 10oC
Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg K and final temp = T
By principle of calorimetry, heat lost by hot water = heat gained by cold water
m1c(t1 – T) = m2c(T – t2) → 200 x (80 – T) = 300 (T – 10)
160 – 2T = 3T – 30 → 5T = 190 or T = 190/5 = 38oC