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Objective
According to the World Health Organization “over 13 million people die each year from Infectious
and Parasitic Diseases: One in two deaths in some developing countries. Poor people, women, children,
and the elderly are the most vulnerable. Infectious diseases continue to be the world’s leading killer of
young adults and children”.

The communication disease is also called Human infection diseases Human infection studies (also
known as human challenge trials and controlled human infection models) have the power to rapidly
accelerate the development of much-needed vaccines and treatments, including for Covid-19.

Human infection studies are clinical trials that involve deliberately exposing volunteers to infectious diseases.

The results can help researchers to:

 understand more about how the body’s immune system responds to a disease
 work out how to prevent the disease or improve its treatment
 test the effectiveness of potential new vaccines and treatments
 monitor the performance of approved vaccines and treatments in the real world.

The main objects of the study of communicable diseases are as given below:

 To know how the communicable diseases enter to our body.

 To know the way for the prevention of communicable diseases.
 To know the symptom of the communicable diseases.
 For the study of the number of people who are suffering from the communicable
diseases.
 To make necessary vaccine according to the concerned diseases.
 To know the health condition of the a particular nation.
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INTRODUCTION:

Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases, are illnesses that result
from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic (capable of causing disease) biologic agents in an
individual human or other animal host. Infections may range in severity from asymptomatic (without
symptoms) to severe and fatal. The term infection does not have the same meaning as infectious disease
because some infections do not cause illness in a host.

Disease causing biologic agents include viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and
aberrant proteins known as prions. Transmission of these biologic agents can occur in a variety of ways,
including direct physical contact with an infectious person, consuming contaminated foods or beverages,
contact with contaminated body fluids, contact with contaminated inanimate objects, airborne (inhalation),
or being bitten by an infected insect or tick. Some disease agents can be transmitted from animals to humans,
and some of these agents can be transmitted in more than one way.

A communicable disease is a disease that spreads from one person or animal to another. Pathogens such as
viruses, bacteria, and fungi cause these diseases.

SOME OF THE COMMUNICABLE DISEASES:

There are different types of the communicable diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, common cold,
Hepatitis-C, syphilis, gonorrhea and HIV/AIDS. Air, water, soil, dust, food, clothes, animals, insect, are the
different media through which germs spread. So, here I mention some of the diseases , their causes, and their
modes of the transmission, symptoms and the way of their perventation.
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Roundworm
Mode of transmission of the diseases: water and food

Roundworm is a parasitic waterborne disease caused by Ascaris Lumbricoides. Hence, this diseases is also
called ascariasis. It occur in most of the parts of the word, but is more common in tropical counties. Infections
have no symptoms in more than 85% of case, especially if the number of worms is small. The incubation
period is two to three week. Through the different media like polluted water, food =, finger nails, they are the
transmitted to our body and their effects the begin to appear in it.

SYMPTOMS:

 Weakness
 Swelling of stomach
 Feeling of sleeplessness
 Stomach pain and indigestion of food
 Paleness due to anaeima

CHARACTERSITIC:

 Appearance of worm in stool.

 Irritation around the anus.

PREVENTION:

 Use soap and water to clean your hands before and after meal and using the toilet.
 Defecate only in the latrine.
 Provision of proper disposal of faeces.
 Pay attention to personal cleanliness.
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Diarrhoea