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1 Newsreader: Finally, a young man in Australia has been fined $500 for breaking into a Sydney museum.
Once inside, he was caught on CCTV, not attempting to steal or damage any exhibits but,
instead, taking selfies with them. At one point, he managed to get a very nice shot of himself
with his head in the jaws of a Tyrannosaurus Rex skeleton. The man did steal an Akubra hat,
a traditional Australian cowboy hat, which he placed on his head as he walked out. In his
defence, the gift shop was closed, and it is always nice to come away from a cultural visit with
some sort of souvenir.

2 Girl: I was reading an article about the perfect pet today.

Boy: Surely that depends on who you are and your situation.
Girl: What do you mean?
Boy: Well, a dog would be perfect for some people, but not for someone with mobility problems who lives
in a tower block. Dogs need a lot of exercise.
Girl: I know! I have to take ours for a walk every morning before school.
Boy: At least your parents allow you to have a pet.
Girl: Never mind. One day, when you get a place of your own, you’ll be able to fill your home with as many
animals as you want.

3 Man: The first song I remember? Let me see. Well, it was quite a long time ago, but I think it was
a record by two comedians, Peter Cook and Dudley Moore. The song was called Goodbye.
I remember I was feeling miserable because a holiday was coming to an end, so my uncle gave me
this record. I’m not sure it succeeded in cheering me up at the time, but I played it a lot – often
enough to drive my parents mad! Then of course, my musical taste changed and it got put away.
I’ve probably still got it somewhere, but I have no idea where.

4 Boy: How much pocket money do you get?

Girl: Well, it depends on how much work I do around the house. I don’t get a set amount. Sometimes,
I don’t get anything.
Boy: That’s terrible!
Girl: Not really. My parents are trying to teach me that money doesn’t grow on trees. It’s a good lesson,
and if I need more money, I can do more jobs like washing the car or cooking dinner. Sometimes,
I can get as much as £10 a week.
Boy: Oh, OK, that doesn’t sound so bad. That’s twice as much as I get.

5 Man: I remember meeting a hero of mine when I was a young boy. He was only a minor TV celebrity, but
he was the most famous person to come to our local village hall. He talked about his career and then
signed autographs. This was long before mobile phones and selfies. When it was my turn, he smiled,
but when I asked him a question, he was already smiling and signing for the next person. I was very
upset. Of course, having been in the same position, I understand completely. If you have 300 fans in
a queue, even giving them one minute each would take five hours!

6 Girl: Did you join a gym in the end?

Boy: Yes, but not our local one. I checked out prices online, and there’s another one, only about 15
minutes away by bike. Although a month’s membership at our local gym isn’t as much, this one was
offering three months for the price of two. Also, if you’re ill or away on holiday, you can pause your
membership so you don’t waste money.
Girl: Cool. I may join too.
Boy: You’ll have to check on their website, but I don’t think the cheap price is available any more.

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Speaker 1
Our glamping holiday was in a Mongolian yurt, a circular tent which is surprisingly spacious inside. The tent was
full of Mongolian decorations and ornaments; not a genuine yurt but a comfortable western version of one. We
would have slept well on the comfortable bed if it hadn’t been for the noise from the other yurts nearby. Despite
that, we enjoyed our holiday, although for the same price we could have stayed in a five-star hotel. I’m not sure it
was worth the price. I’d like to try it again in a place where the rates are lower and the yurts are placed further
apart from each other.

Speaker 2
We booked a glass dome in northern Finland. It was expensive but worth every penny. I was worried that everyone
in the other domes would be looking into our dome, but the area was beautifully designed and private. So,
although there were other people, we felt completely alone, which we loved. We were also rewarded with two
brilliant displays of the Northern Lights! How amazing to watch them from our warm, cosy glass dome! I’m not sure
we’ll ever be able to afford a holiday like that again, but I would love to go back if I could.

Speaker 3
On our 10th wedding anniversary, we went to Kenya and stayed in a safari tent. The tent overlooked a waterhole
where animals gathered each day. We were protected by a fence which was hidden from view. The place was
perfect, although apart from the tents and a small basic bathroom area, nothing else was offered. No communal
seating area, no guided tours and no evening entertainment. However, we forgot about this every time we stepped
outside and saw the view. If my husband booked the same place for our 20th anniversary, I wouldn’t be upset.

Speaker 4
We’ve always been interested in Romani culture, so we decided to book a holiday in a Romani caravan on a farm. It
was the only accommodation there, but there were farm workers in the fields nearby, so we weren’t completely
alone. The caravan was warm and comfortable, and although the price was very reasonable, it wasn’t what we were
expecting. The caravan had been designed by someone whose only knowledge of the Romani people was a fortune-
teller’s tent at a circus. It didn’t look like a real Romani caravan at all. Funnily enough, we’ve booked it again for
next summer. Despite everything, we had a lovely time.

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Presenter: My guest today is Joanna Davies, who owns an ecological farm. Welcome, Joanna. Could you start by
telling our audience what exactly ecological farming is?
Joanna: Thank you, yes, of course. It’s a cleaner, more natural way of farming, which means avoiding
chemicals like synthetic pesticides and fertilisers. You cannot use genetically modified crops, and
there are also rules about keeping animals. In fact, the regulations permit farmers to keep animals
in conditions I would never accept. In my opinion, they’re not strict enough. To get a certificate, you
are inspected and you must fill in a lot of forms, but I don’t mind. In fact, the inspectors were very
helpful with advice when I was just starting out.
Presenter: Why is ecological farming so important?
Joanna: For several reasons. Firstly for our health. Food grown ecologically isn’t full of chemicals or, in the
case of meat, full of antibiotics which are fed to animals. It is also better for the environment. The
insects killed by pesticides are part of the natural food chain, and their loss also means the loss of
other species. Pesticides can also directly kill insects we need, such as bees. Ecologically grown food
may not look as attractive, and that’s a shame, as this prevents many people from eating it.
Presenter: If you don’t use pesticides, how do you prevent your crops from being eaten by insects?
Joanna: It’s actually quite easy. The secret is finding something that the insects like more than the crops. So,
we keep a small area of the farm for cabbages, cauliflower and other plants that attract pests. And
it works. Of course, we do suffer some losses because of insects but, generally, the crops are left
alone. I learned that secret at an ecological banana plantation on the island of La Palma in the
Canary Islands.
Presenter: What’s your work day like? It must be hard work.
Joanna: It is, but I use volunteers to help me. I started advertising, and I’ve had many helpers ever since. Most
are students or young people, but I also get one or two middle-aged people who want to change their
way of life. More common are pensioners who are looking for something interesting to fill their time.
Most important of all, I met my husband when he came to my farm as a volunteer. After he had
returned three times, I realised that the farm wasn’t the only reason he kept coming back!
Presenter: What a nice story! Your farm is quite small and the work is very intense. Is it actually financially
worthwhile when competing with mega farms?
Joanna: We aren’t competing with them. We don’t sell food to supermarkets. We sell to local markets and to
special ecological farm shops. We’ll never be rich, but that isn’t our aim. The farm makes enough to
live on, and we are quite self-sufficient with our energy needs because we use solar and wind power.
I earn extra money by giving talks about the farm, and I have a small online business selling jam,
honey and other items that we make ourselves.
Presenter: Finally, what about the future?
Joanna: I’m optimistic that people will carry on volunteering, and we’ll be able to keep the farm going for as
long as possible.
Presenter: Well, I wish you luck. Thank you for coming.
Joanna: Thank you for inviting me.

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Presenter: It’s time to start thinking about next year’s holidays, and one option is a trip to China. As well as its
historic treasures, there’s another attraction that could be worth visiting. Our guest today, Paula
Blaine, is here to tell us about it. Welcome, Paula.
Paula: Thank you. The exciting news is that there’s a brand new theme park in the city of Chengdu, the
capital city of the province of Sichuan. This theme park is unique - it’s a panda theme park. Giant
pandas are native to the area, and the city is already famous for its research centre, where visitors
can find out about these magnificent creatures and even volunteer to help out for the day. The theme
park, though, is much bigger.
Presenter: How big is it?
Paula: It covers an area of 35.7 square kilometres. To give you an idea of just how big that is, Disneyland
Paris is just over 19 square kilometres.
Presenter: Are there many pandas living in China?
Paula: No, that’s why places like this are so important. Giant pandas live in China’s bamboo forests, which
cover the mountains around Chengdu. However, the giant panda is one of the most endangered
species in the world. There are now estimated to be only about 1,800 left living in the wild, with a
further 540 in zoos and wildlife centres. The Chengdu theme park will play a vital role in breeding
pandas and helping us to understand these gentle giants.
Presenter: What about efforts to increase numbers outside the park?
Paula: There are plans to do something about this, too. The idea is to create a panda national park, which
will be three times larger than Yellowstone National Park in the USA. It will cover about 70% of the
pandas’ natural habitat and ensure their safety as well as protect the bamboo that is essential for
their survival.
Presenter: Pandas eat mainly bamboo, don’t they?
Paula: Yes, in fact, it’s estimated that 99% of their diet is made up of bamboo. Their diet also includes small
rodents such as mice.
Presenter: Getting back to the theme park, I presume it has facilities for tourists.
Paula: Of course. There are hotels and restaurants inside the park for those who want to spend a few days
there and make the most of what it has to offer. In addition, there are exhibition centres with
detailed information about pandas and the aims of the research centre.
Presenter: It sounds fascinating, but I’m not sure I’d go all that way to learn about pandas.
Paula: Well, there are many other fascinating attractions in the city, and Sichuan is famous for its spicy
cuisine.
Presenter: Oh, now I am tempted! Thank you very much for coming, Paula.
Paula: Thank you.

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2 35.7 6 rodents
3 bamboo forests 7 exhibition centres
4 gentle 8 spicy

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Presenter: This year has seen a serious problem affect a large part of the world, from East Africa all the way to
India. The problem is locusts, and here to tell us about them is John Sellers. John, what exactly is a
locust?
John: A locust is a kind of grasshopper. They live alone and survive on very small amounts of vegetation,
not causing any harm at all. However, when conditions are suitable, they increase in numbers and
also in body size. They also become more sociable and they suddenly start to swarm, forming
massive groups. They become incredibly destructive because they eat so much.
Presenter: What are these conditions?
John: Rainfall and moisture. Locusts live in areas which are generally dry, and they have evolved in a way
that helps them to survive on very little for a long period of time. However, it does sometimes rain in
the desert, and this can quickly transform the landscape. Food becomes abundant, and locusts take
advantage of these rare climatic conditions.
Presenter: How big are these swarms?
John: Huge! In a large swarm, there could be 70 billion locusts! Even in a small swarm, there are up to 100
million locusts. Each one eats its body weight in food every day. They only weigh two grams, but
between them, that’s 200,000 kilos of crops every day! Someone calculated that it would take 35,000
humans to eat the same amount of crops.
Presenter: That’s absolutely incredible! Do they stay in one place?
John: No, they fly through an area, eat between 50 and 80% of the crops and continue on their way. They
can cover 130 kilometres in 24 hours and fly non-stop for days. In 1988, one swarm flew from West
Africa across the Atlantic. They ate crops in the Caribbean and South America, not something the
locals there were used to at all.
Presenter: We often talk about climate change causing all sorts of problems. Are these swarms a result of
environmental problems, too?
John: Well, not only. You have to realise that locusts have been doing the same thing for thousands of
years. The pharaohs of Egypt suffered from them. Experts say that these have been the worst swarms
in Kenya for 70 years and the worst in India for a quarter of a century. However, there are people in
both countries who remember an even worse situation than we’re facing today.
Presenter: Is there anything that can be done to stop them?
John: The most common solution is by locating a swarm, which is quite easy, and spraying them with
pesticides from the air. However, these are powerful toxins which can cause a lot of harm to other
wildlife and to humans. In addition, swarms cross borders. So, if countries don’t get on with their
neighbours, planes spraying pesticides could cause a major incident. New locust apps allow the local
people to enter information about present breeding grounds. From this data, patterns can be
identified, and it could be possible to work out where the swarm may make its next stop. This is vital
because there is only a short time between the hatching of the eggs and the young locusts starting
to fly. Hopefully, with this app we can find them before they take off and do more damage.
Presenter: Well, thank you, John. That was very informative.

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Presenter: On today’s programme, we are looking at an interesting court case. My guest today is Minnie Taylor,
who is an employment expert. Welcome, Minnie. What was this case all about?
Minnie: Thank you. Well, it happened in France at a perfume company. A well-paid manager was working
there, until the company lost an important client. It isn’t clear if this was the manager’s fault, but all
of a sudden the job he’d been doing became unnecessary. The company didn’t fire him but kept him
on with very little to do.
Presenter: It sounds like a dream job!
Minnie: Not for this man. He stayed on for several years doing simple jobs, buying supplies and things like
that. Most of the time, though, he just sat and waited for something to do.
Presenter: What happened next?
Minnie: After a while, the situation began to affect his mental health. He was examined and found to be
suffering from depression. He then had a car accident, which he claimed was a direct result of his
depression. After this, he took sick leave for six months, and it was then that the company decided
to terminate his employment.
Presenter: Oh, so he didn’t leave by choice?
Minnie: No, because there was no guarantee he’d find another job with the same salary. Also, despite all the
problems, he still had job security. After he lost his job, he took the company to court and sued them
for €360,000. There’s a word, burnout, that describes someone who is stressed and exhausted by
the demands of work. This man was suffering from the complete opposite – boreout – and he blamed
the company for this.
Presenter: Is boreout a new word?
Minnie: Actually, it dates from 2007. Boreout can cause real problems. Sufferers lack self-confidence and feel
useless. They believe that no one recognises their talent and abilities, and they no longer feel valued.
Worst of all, there’s a feeling that nothing will ever change, no matter what a person does.
Apparently, factory workers doing repetitive work on a production line often suffer from boreout.
Presenter: So, boreout is quite a big problem, then.
Minnie: Yes, research indicates that it may affect almost a third of the workforce. Now attention is being
focused on how to prevent it. Obviously, companies must take some responsibility, morally if not
legally, for how their staff are feeling. It’s also not in their interests to be paying someone a lot of
money to do nothing. However, it’s not just the company that can make a difference. Individuals can
also do something about it. Firstly, they should talk to their superiors at work, explaining how they
feel. In addition, outside interests can reduce the problem. If people can find some meaning in life in
their free time, then work is no longer as important.
Presenter: Getting back to the court case. What did the company say?
Minnie: It claimed to be completely unaware of the situation. The man had never complained about his
situation, and his manager probably thought that if he had been unhappy, he would have left. The
company felt that it hadn’t been treated fairly. It’s understandable in a way. After all, the company
had never tried to get rid of him or lower his salary. The judge probably took this into account, as
the man was awarded about €40,000 in compensation, a lot less than he had been asking for.
Presenter: Well, it looks like boredom pays! Thanks for coming in today, Minnie.

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Presenter: Today, we are continuing our talks on alternative holiday destinations, and my guest Penelope
Stephens
has come here to tell us about a place very few people have heard of. Welcome, Penelope.
Penelope: Thank you. Yes, I’m from Tristan da Cunha, an island, or should I say a group of six islands, only one
of which is inhabited. It’s located in the South Atlantic Ocean, and it’s a British Overseas Territory,
which means we have links with Britain but are not part of the United Kingdom.
Presenter: It’s very remote, isn’t it?
Penelope: People say it’s the most remote inhabited place in the world. Our nearest neighbour is the island of
St Helena, and that’s over 2,000 kilometres away. South Africa is 2,400 kilometres away, and the
Falkland Islands are even further. I think parts of the Brazilian coast are a little closer than the
Falklands, but it doesn’t matter, as there’s no way of getting there.
Presenter: How long does it take to fly to Tristan da Cunha?
Penelope: Fly? Ha! The island hasn’t got an airport. You have to take a ship from South Africa, and it takes
seven days to get there. However, we are becoming a popular stopover for cruise ships on their way
to the Antarctic,
so we do get a few visitors, even if only for a few hours.
Presenter: Can you tell us a little bit about the island and its history?
Penelope: Yes. It was first discovered by a Portuguese explorer named Tristão da Cunha in 1506, although due
to bad weather, he couldn’t approach the island. The Dutch then arrived in 1643, but didn’t stay
long. The French followed over a hundred years later, but no one was interested in building a
permanent settlement there, not even the British, who claimed the island in 1777. Everything
changed in 1816. After the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was imprisoned on St Helena. The British
were worried that he might escape, so they sent soldiers and other people to the island. The soldiers
eventually left, but the others decided to remain. In 1867, the Duke of Edinburgh visited the island,
and in his honour, the capital, which is actually the only town, was named Edinburgh of the Seven
Seas.
Presenter: What’s the main island like?
Penelope: Well, it’s circular with a 34-kilometre-long coastline and a small flat area, which is where the people
live. There is also a 2,000-metre-high volcano, which erupted in 1961 and forced everyone to
evacuate the
island for two years.
Presenter: Oh! And what’s the climate like?
Penelope: Never very hot or cold, and very wet. There are, on average, around 250 rainy days per year, with no
months being particularly dry. However, January is generally the warmest and driest month, so it’s
probably the best time to visit. But people don’t visit for the weather. They come for the wildlife. We
have penguins, elephant seals, whales and a variety of seabirds. Boats take visitors whale watching or
to Inaccessible Island, home of the world’s smallest flightless bird, the Inaccessible Island Rail. A few
people also climb the volcano, a tiring one-day hike. Apart from that, the entertainment consists of
the Albatross Pub.
Presenter: Well, your homeland is certainly unique! Thank you for telling us about it.

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Presenter: This Saturday is an important day for our town. A new work of art will be put up outside the town
hall. Here to tell us about it is Josh Edwards, manager of the local art gallery. Welcome, Josh.
Josh: Thank you. Yes, the artwork has been offered to us by the famous conceptual artist Leandro Erlich.
Conceptual art is a kind of art which is appreciated for its ideas rather than the artistic skills
required. In fact, the actual artwork may not be made by the artist at all.
Presenter: I see. So, let’s hear about some of Erlich’s work.
Josh: Well, I’ll start with my favourite, Dalston House, which was exhibited in London. It consisted of a flat
model of the side of a house which lay on the ground. The artwork was created by a huge mirror,
whose reflection made it look as if the house was actually standing. Of course, it also made it appear
that the viewers standing on it were defying gravity. By using their imagination, they could make it
look as if they were standing on their heads or holding onto windows.
Presenter: So, the spectators became part of the artwork.
Josh: Absolutely, and they had a lot of fun as well.
Presenter: Can you tell us some more about Erlich’s work?
Josh: Erlich has created several works which show houses. Pulled Up by the Roots was another one. This
showed a house hanging in the air. The house had roots growing from its base. It showed how, even
in an urban environment, we still depend on nature, like an abandoned city slowly being covered by
plants.
Presenter: So, is he concerned about the environment?
Josh: Yes, certainly. Erlich had another work of art in the centre of Paris of a melting house to show the
effects of global warming. And his largest work so far was a traffic jam on a beach close to Miami. All
the cars were covered in sand. The idea was to show how rising sea levels are caused by global
warming and will, eventually, destroy the things which have helped cause the problem.
Presenter: Who are Erlich’s main influences?
Josh: Well, he has often said that Alfred Hitchcock, the famous film director, has been a big influence on
his work. Hitchcock used everyday situations to create mysterious, fictional worlds, and Erlich likes to
do the same. In Hitchcock’s film Rear Window, a man is stuck in his flat with a broken leg. He spends
his time looking at the block of flats opposite, and the windows of the flats act as multiple television
screens. While looking at them, it’s difficult to tell the difference between what is real and what is
imaginary. Quite similar to Dalston House.
Presenter: So, what can you tell us about the work of art that’s arriving on Saturday?
Josh: Absolutely nothing! It will be a surprise for everyone involved, including me. One or two people have
seen it, but they’re obliged not to give away any details.
Presenter: Thank you, Josh. I’m sure it will be impressive, and for any listeners who are interested, Leandro
Erlich’s artwork will be presented in the town square outside the town hall on Saturday at 1.00 pm.

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