Violations and Corresponding Referees

Violations are actions by players that break a basketball rule – such as traveling, stepping on the
line, and back court.
Fouls are caused by physical contact (holding, pushing), or actions (acting out like you are going
to hit another player but you don’t) or even extreme abusive yelling or cussing (technical foul).

Referee Basketball Violations Signals

FOUL (Closed Fist) VIOLATION (Open Fist)

Basketball Foul Signals

Player Control Foul (Charge) – One hand on the back of the head
and the other pointing in the opposite direction of the
play indicates a charge call has been made.

Hand Check – When a player commits a hand check foul,

it is signaled by having one arm extended in front of the
chest with the fingers up, and the other arm grabbing the wrist.
Blocking – If a defensive player commits a blocking foul the official
will have both hands, in fists, touching his hips, and his elbows in
tight against his body.

Holding – The holding signal is made by having one arm extended

upwards in front of the face, and the other hand grabbing the wrist.

Pushing – To signal a pushing foul, the official will have both hands
extended straight in front of him, with his palms facing outward.

Intentional Foul – When a player commits an intentional foul,

the official will put both arms above his head and cross them.

Technical Foul – To signal a technical foul has occurred the

referee will place both his hands in front of him and put
them in the formation of a letter “T”.
Double Foul – If two players have committed a foul at the same
time, the referee will put both hands, in fists, extended
out towards the sides.

Illegal Hand Use – An illegal hand use foul is signaled by the official
putting both of his hands in front of him, at waist level, and
grabbing one of his wrists with the other hand.

Basketball Violation Hand Signals

Traveling – When a player has committed a traveling violation,

the official will signal it by placing both of his hands in front of
him and moving them in a circle.

Carrying or Palming – In order to signal a palming or carrying

violation, the referee will have one hand at the side,
flipped over from palm up to palm down.
Double Dribble – The official will signal a double dribble violation
has been committed by putting both of his hands in front of him,
with palms down, and alternating them up and down,
as if dribbling a basketball.

Three Seconds – The official will indicate that a player has committed
a three second violation by having three fingers raised, and the hand
makes a swiping motion back and forth at the side.

Five Seconds – In order to signal a five second violation, the official will
have five fingers raised with arm extended upward.

Ten Seconds – The ten second violation is shown when the

official has ten fingers raised with both arms extended upwards.

Kicking the Ball – When a player kicks the ball, the referee will
have one foot raised in front.
 Standard Basketball Court
Court dimensions
The court is a flat, hard surface free from obstructions, 28m long and 15m wide,
measured from the inner edge of the boundary line. The backcourt is the team’s own basket,
inbounds part of the backboard and the part of the playing court limited by their own endline,
side lines and center line. The front court consists of the opponents’ basket, inbounds part of the
backboard and the part of the playing court limited by the end lines behind the opponents’
basket, side lines and inner edge of the center line nearest to the opponents’ basket.
Lines
All lines are white, 5cm wide and clearly visible.
Boundary line
The playing court is limited by the boundary line, consisting of end lines and the side
lines. These lines are not part of the playing court. Any obstruction including seated team bench
personnel is at least 2m from the playing court. The court is marked by a further boundary line in
a contrasting color and is 2m wide minimum. The color of the further boundary line must be the
same as that of the center circle (if painted) and the restricted areas.
Center line, center circle and free throw semi-circles
The center line is marked parallel to the end lines from the midpoint of the side lines. It
extends 0.15m beyond each sideline. The center line is part of the backcourt. The center circle is
marked in the center of the playing court and has a radius of 1.80m measured to the outer edge of
the circumference. If the inside of the center circle is painted, it must be the same color as the
restricted areas. The free throw semi-circles are marked on the playing court with a radius of
1.80m measured to the outer edge of the circumference and with their centers at the midpoint of
the free throw lines.
Free throw lines, restricted areas and free throw rebound places
The free throw line is drawn parallel to each endline. Its furthest edge is 5.8m from the
inner edge of the endline and is 3.6m long. Its midpoint lies on the imaginary line joining the
midpoint of the two endlines.
The restricted areas are the rectangular areas marked on the playing court limited by the endlines,
the extended free throw lines and the lines which originate at the end lines. Their outer edges are
2.45m from the midpoint of the end lines and terminates at the outer edge of the extended free
throw lines. These lines, excluding the end lines, are part of the restricted area. The inside of the
restricted areas must be painted in one color.
3-point field goal area
The 2 parallel lines extending from and perpendicular to the endline, with the outer edge
0.90m from the inner edge of the side lines. An arc of radius 6.75m measured from the point on
the floor beneath the exact center of the opponents’ basket to the outer edge of the arc. The
distance of the point on the floor from the inner edge of the midpoint of the endline is 1.575m.
The arc is joined to the parallel lines
The team bench areas
The team bench areas are marked outside the playing court limited by 2 lines. There must
be 14 seats available in the team bench area for the team bench personnel which includes
coaches, assistant coaches, substitutes, excluded players and team followers. Any other persons
must be at least 2m behind the team bench.
Throw in lines
The two lines are 0.15m long and marked outside the playing court at the sideline
opposite the scorer’s table. The outer edge of the lines is 8.325m from the inner edge of the
nearest endline.
 Basketball and Players Statistics
Scoring
Of course scoring is one of the most important stats in the game. You need points to win.
All the other statistics don't matter a lot, if they don't lead to points. Some scoring stats that are
kept include individual games, points per game (ppg), and total career points.

PPG = Points per game

FG % = Field goal percentage (percent of shots taken that were made)
FT % = Free throw percentage (percent of free throws taken that were made)

Assists
Assists are when a player makes a pass that leads directly to a basket. The official score
keeper decides if the pass led directly to the basket, so there is some personal opinion involved in
this stat.

Rebounds
A rebound is getting the ball after a missed shot. Size is important to being a good
rebounder, but position and anticipation help as well.

Blocked Shots
A blocked shot is when you use your hand to deflect a shot away from the basket. Often
the best shot blockers are tall, have long arms, and can jump quickly. Timing is also important to
excel in blocking a shot.

Steals
Taking the ball from another player without fouling is called a steal. You can steal the
ball off the dribble, knock it out of your opponent's hands, or intercept a pass.

Turnovers
A turnover is when you have the ball and then you lose possession. This could be because
of a bad pass, losing the ball on the dribble, committing an offensive foul, or any number of
other reasons. Turnovers are not a good stat to have on your scorecard.

The Triple Double

A triple double is when a player has double figures (10 or more) in three different
statistics. Generally, a triple double includes points, assists, and rebounds. Rarely someone will
get a triple double with steals or blocks. A quadruple double is possible as well, although these
are extremely rare.