PHYSICAL EDUCATION

BASKETBALL

Content:
 Standard about basketball court size, line and time
 Game statics and player statistics
 5 Referee’s call and corresponding
STANDARD ABOUT BASKETBALL
A basketball is a spherical ball used in basketball games. Basketballs usually range in size from very small
promotional items that are only a few inches (some centimeters) in diameter to extra large balls nearly 2
feet (60 cm) in diameter used in training exercises. For example, a youth basketball could be 27 inches
(69 cm) in circumference, while a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's ball would be a
maximum of 30 inches (76 cm) and an NCAA women's ball would be a maximum of 29 inches (74 cm).
The standard for a basketball in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is 29.5 inches (75 cm) in
circumference and for the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), a maximum circumference
of 29 inches (74 cm).
BASKETBALL COURT STANDARD

COURT DIMENSIONS
Measuring from the inner edge of the boundary line, the court is a flat, hard surface free of obstructions
that is 28 m long and 15 m wide. The backcourt is the area of the court where the team's endline, side
lines, and center line are located, as well as the inbounds portion of the backboard. The front court
consists of the opponent's basket, the portion of the backboard that is inbounds, and the area of the
playing court that is bounded by the end lines behind the opponent's basket, the side lines, and the
inner edge of the center line closest to the opponent's basket.

COURT LINES & MARKINGS

Court Lines Semantics are a big part of the game. To eliminate confusion, coaches, players and
spectators alike must all communicate using the same basic basketball terminology. Here are the court
lines & markings found on a typical basketball court:
1) Side Lines Sidelines The sidelines are the two boundaries lines running the length of the court. Their
location is determined by the width of the court, which is normally 50 feet wide. Along with Baseline
and End line they establish the size of the playing area.

2) End Lines Baseline/Endline The Baseline/Endline runs from sideline to sideline behind the backboard
at the ends of the court. They are located four feet behind the basket, and normally have a width of 50
feet. Baseline and Endline are interchangeable terms depending upon which team has ball position.
Baseline is used for the offensive end of the court. Endline is used for the back court or defensive end of
the court.

3) Center Court Line/ Mid Court Line The mid court line divides the court in half. Offensively, once the
ball crosses the Mid Court Line, it becomes a boundary line reducing the offensive playing area to just
half of the court. Also, on most levels, the offensive team only has 8 to 10 seconds to advance the ball
across the mid court line.

4) Three Point Line Field Goals made from outside this Three Point Line or arc count as three points. The
distance of the three point line from the basket varies according to the different levels of play.

5) Free Throw Line This line is used as a boundary line when shooting free throws. It is fifteen feet away
from the backboard. On a free throw attempt, the shooter cannot step on or across this line until the
ball strikes the rim. The free throw line is also used in defining the three second area.

6) Free Throw Circle The free throw circles have a diameter of 12 feet. They come into play on free
throws and jump balls. During a free throw attempt, the shooter must remain inside the free throw
circle. On jump balls, non-jumpers must remain outside the circle until the ball is tapped by one of the
jumpers.

7) Lane Line Lane lines are boundaries running from the free throw line to the baseline. The width and
shape of the lane lines vary on different levels of the game. The lane lines also contain lane spaces
markings used to align and separate the non-shooters. The first lane space, on both sides of the basket,
are occupied by the opposing team from the free throw shooter. Nonshooters cannot step into the
three second area until the ball leaves the free throw shooter's hand.

8) Center Circle The Center Circle is a 12 foot diameter circle located in the center of the court. It is used
to start the game and other jump ball situations. On jump balls, non-jumpers must remain outside the
circle until the ball is tapped by one of the jumpers. Next, take a look and the names of the various areas
of the court. Court Areas Each area of the court has its own name. It is very important to use the proper
terminology when describing these areas. The court areas of a typical basketball court include:

A) Three Second Area/ Lane This is the area below the free throw line and between the lane lines. It is
sometimes called the "Paint" since, in most gyms, it is painted. If any offensive player remains in this
area for more than three seconds it is a violation and the other team gets the ball. Note: Some
professional leagues, like the NBA, also limit the defensive players to three seconds in this area as well.

B) Block The block is a buffer area painted on the lane lines separating offensive and defensive players
during a free throw attempt. Additionally, it is a very strategic area during the game. Any player -
offensive or defensive - establishing a position on the block gains a definite advantage.
C) Elbow The elbow is the area of the court where the free throw line meets the lane line. Like the
"Block", the Elbows become important on dribble penetration. Any player - offense or defense - who
gets to the elbow first will gain an advantage.

D) Free Throw Line Extended This imaginary line represents the extension of the free throw line across
the width of the court. Most coaches use it to establish defensive rules. When the ball is above the free
throw line extended a certain rule applies. When the ball is below it another rule applies. It is also used
as a reference for offensive player alignment.

E) Top Of Circle (Key) The top of circle is the area straight out from the basket just outside the free throw
circle. It is use primarily as a reference for aligning offensive and defensive players. It is also a favorite
spot from which many players like to shoot.

F) Wing The wing area is located on the side of the court near the free throw line extended. Wing areas
are designated "Ballside" or Weakside" according to the location of the player with the ball. The wing on
the same side as the ball handler is the "Ballside or Strongside" wing. The wing on the side away from
the ball handler is the "Weakside" wing.

G) Corner The "Corner" is primarily used to designate the area where the sideline and baseline meet.
This is another favorite area from which players like to shoot. It is usually an open area when zone
defense is played. However, it is also an area where the defense can readily trap an offensive player with
the ball.

H) Short Corner The short corner is an area along the baseline half way between the sideline and the
lane line. It is a strategic offensive area especially used against zone defenses.

I) Restricted 4' Restricted Area (Pro) In professional basketball there is a semi-circular 4' restraining area
in front of the basket. No offensive charges can be taken by defenders when they are positioned on or
inside this area.

J) Front Court The term Front Court is used to denote the offensive end of the court from the midcourt
line to the baseline.

K) Back Court Back Court is used to denote the area behind the mid court line. It includes the half of the
court from the midcourt line back to the endline. Once the ball is advanced across the midcourt line into
the front court, it cannot go back into the Back Court.

GAME STATICS AND PLAYER STATISTICS

There are a lot of statistics that are kept for the game of basketball. Statistics are a good way to tell how
you are doing in a sport and what you are best at. They can also help to determine where you and your
team need to improve.

Here are some common basketball statistics:

Scoring
Of course scoring is one of the most important stats in the game. You need points to win. All the other
statistics don't matter a lot, if they don't lead to points. Some scoring stats that are kept include
individual games, points per game (ppg), and total career points.
PPG = Points per game
FG % = Field goal percentage (percent of shots taken that were made)
FT % = Free throw percentage (percent of free throws taken that were made)

In the NBA the most points scored in a game was 100 by Wilt Chamberlain, the highest points per game
(ppg) average is a tie between Wilt Chamberlain and Michael Jordan at 30.1 ppg, and the most career
points scored was Kareem Abdul-Jabbar with 38,387 points.

Assists
Assists are when a player makes a pass that leads directly to a basket. The official score keeper decides if
the pass led directly to the basket, so there is some personal opinion involved in this stat.

APG = Assists per game

The all time leader in assists per game in the NBA is Magic Johnson with an 11.2 career APG average.
John Stockton had the most career assists with 15,806.

Rebounds
A rebound is getting the ball after a missed shot. Size is important to being a good rebounder, but
position and anticipation help as well.

RPG - Rebounds per game

The all time NBA leader for rebounds is Wilt Chamberlain with 22.9 rebounds per game. Wilt also
gathered in the most career rebounds with 23,924 and had the most ever in a single game with 55.

Blocked Shots
A blocked shot is when you use your hand to deflect a shot away from the basket. Often the best shot
blockers are tall, have long arms, and can jump quickly. Timing is also important to excel in blocking a
shot.

BPG - Blocks per game

The all time NBA leader in blocks per game (bpg) was Mark Eaton who averaged 3.5 blocks per game for
his career. The most blocks in a career was 3,830 by Hakeem Olajuwon and the most blocks in a single
game was 17 by Elmore Smith.

Steals
Taking the ball from another player without fouling is called a steal. You can steal the ball off the dribble,
knock it out of your opponent's hands, or intercept a pass.

SPG - Steals per game

The NBA all times leader in steals per game is Alvin Robertson with 2.71. John Stockton has the most
career steals with 3,265.

Turnovers
A turnover is when you have the ball and then you lose possession. This could be because of a bad pass,
losing the ball on the dribble, committing an offensive foul, or any number of other reasons. Turnovers
are not a good stat to have on your scorecard.

The Triple Double

A triple double is when a player has double figures (10 or more) in three different statistics. Generally a
triple double includes points, assists, and rebounds. Rarely someone will get a triple double with steals
or blocks. A quadruple double is possible as well, although these are extremely rare.

PLAYER STATISTICS