- Staying up late - Túc từ cho động - My habit is My hobby, - swimming pool
is harmful to skin. từ: We should sleeping sleeping, makes - teaching method - Doing morning avoid eating too whenever I’m me feel relaxed. - child-bearing exercises is good much meat. sad. for your health. - Túc từ cho giới - The most từ: He is interesting part of interested in that day was learning English watching the sun- setting.
II. PRESENT PARTICIPLE (phân từ hiện tại): V-ing
- Dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn: My cat is sleeping in the sunshine. We were watching the sun-setting when the rain suddenly came. - Thay cho một mệnh đề: Mệnh đề độc lập trong câu ghép: He washed his car and he sang happily Washing his car, he sang happily Mệnh đề phụ trong câu (MĐQH): The girl lending me this book is my bestfriend. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: Leaving school, he worked in a restaurant. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do: Driving carelessly, he had an accident. - Dùng như một tính từ: interesting, overwhelming, amazing, etc - Cấu trúc: There + be + Noun + present participle There are many people waiting for the bus. - Cấu trúc câu: S + sit/stand/lie/come/run (cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn) + present participle. He sat on the chair reading a book. - Dùng sau động từ chỉ giác quan (see, hear, smell, feel, taste, overhear, etc) và các động từ khác như: catch, find, spend, waste, etc
NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI “V-ing”
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa 1 Admit doing st thú nhận làm gì 2 Appreciate doing st cảm kích làm gì 3 Avoid doing st tránh làm gì 4 Be busy doing st bận làm gì 5 Be worth doing st đáng làm gì 6 Can’t help/stand/bear doing st không thể chịu/nhịn được 7 Consider doing st xem xét, cân nhắc làm gì 8 Delay/postpone/put off doing st hoãn lại làm gì 9 Deny doing st phủ nhận làm gì 10 Enjoy/fancy doing st thích làm gì 11 Feel like doing st thích/muốn làm gì 12 Finish doing st hoàn thành làm gì 13 Get/be accustomed/used to doing st quen làm gì 14 Hate/detest/resent doing st ghét làm gì 15 Have difficulty (in) doing st gặp khó khăn trong việc làm gì 16 Imagine doing st tưởng tượng làm gì 17 Involve doing st có liên quan làm gì 18 Keep doing st cứ làm gì 19 Look forward to doing st mong đợi làm gì 20 Mention doing st đề cập làm gì 21 Mind doing st phiền/ngại làm gì 22 Miss doing st suýt, lỡ làm gì 23 Practice doing st thực hành làm gì 24 Recall doing st nhớ lại làm gì 25 Recommend doing st đề xuất làm gì 26 Resist doing st phản đối làm gì 27 Risk doing st liều lĩnh làm gì 28 Spend time doing st dành thời gian làm gì 29 Suggest doing st gợi ý làm gì 30 There is no point in doing st không đáng làm gì = It’s no use/good doing st 31 Tolerate doing st chịu đựng làm gì 32 Waste time doing st lãng phí thời gian làm gì III. PERFECT GERUND (danh động từ hoàn thành) và PERFECT PARTICIPLE (phân từ hoàn thành) Công thức: HAVING + Vp.p Danh động từ hoàn thành Phân từ hoàn thành - Dùng thay cho hình thức hiện tại của danh - Dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề khi hành động trong động từ khi chúng ta đề cập đến hành động trong mệnh đề đó xảy ra trước. quá khứ. - Dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. B. PRACTICE EXERCISES Exercise 3: Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences. Question 1: It was his own fault, but I couldn’t help_______sorry for him. A. feeling B. to feel C. having felt D. to have felt Question 2: The medical authorities warned everyone not to drink the water without first_______it. A. being boiled B. boiling C. having boiled D. having to boil Question 3: Most people talk too much and don’t realize how important_______is. A. to be listening B. to be listened C. have listened D. listening Question 4: If you’ve finished_______the dictionary, I’d like to borrow it. A. to have used B. to use C. using D. having used Question 5: Would you mind_______? A. that I am reading aloud B. explaining it once again, please C. what causes you a lot of trouble D. to bring the books back by tomorrow Question 6: On the whole, I enjoy_______our local club, but I think there are far too many rules and regulations to feel completely at ease. A. attending B. attend C. to attend D. being attended Question 7: I deeply regret_______to her so severely yesterday. She was badly hurt. A. to be speaking B. to speak C. having spoken D. being spoken Question 8: Smokers generally do know that smoking is extremely harmful, but it’s just that they can’t help_______it. A. doing B. to do C. do D. having done Question 9: She thanked me for_______her a lot when she was in trouble. A. having helped B. helping C. to help D. help Question 10:_______cigarettes for years, he was diagnosed with lung cancer. A. Smoking B. Having smoked C. Having been smoked D. Being smoked Question 11:_______cigarettes for years, he was diagnosed with lung cancer. A. Smoking B. Having smoked C. Having been smoked D. Being smoked Question 12: While_______the historical building, they had to get some of the missing tiles specially made. A. to restore B. restore C. restoring D. being restored Question 13: I think_______outside in the open air is much more enjoyable than_______exercise in some stuffy gyms. A. to walk - done B. walking - doing C. walk - to be doing D. having walked - do Question 14: Authorities should warn people against _______ hazardous foods containing additives. A. to be using B. having used C. using D. being used produced Question 15:_______contaminated water from a nearby river, lots of people in this village suffer from cancers. A. Drinking B. Having drunk C. Having been drunk D. Drunk Question 16: Every member of the team praised him for_______the team win the championship. A. having helped B. helping C. having been helped D. being helped Question 17: There's someone_______on the door. Come to see who he/she is. A. knock B. knocking C. to knock D. having knocked Question 18:_______between the two attacks, the commander tried to prevent the enemy troops_______their strength. A. Without delaying - to gather B. By not delaying - from gathering C. In delaying - for gathering D. Having delayed - without gathering Question 19: The power failure resulted in many of the underground trains_______ for up to one hour. A. to delay B. to have delayed C. to be delayed D. being delayed Question 20: Did you actually see the boy_______over the fence into Mr. Jones’ garden, or did you just hear other boys_______about it? A. jumping — talking B. to jump — being talked C. having jumped - to talk D. to be jumping - talk Question 21: She is looking forward to_______you again. A. meet B. meeting C. met D. be met Question 22:_______photographs of the place, I had no desire to go there. A. Have seen B. Had seen C. Having seen D. To have seen Question 23:_______the museum, we decided to have lunch in the park. A. Visited B. Having visited C. Have visited D. Visiting Question 24:_______the story before, she didn’t want to hear the story again. A. Heard B. To hear C. Having heard D. Hearing Question 25: We can't count on_______by our parents every time we get into financial difficulty. A. rescuing B. being rescued C. to rescue D. to be rescued Question 26: Mary’s children are used to_______up after school every day. A. picking B. pick C. be picked D. being picked Question 27:_______the red light, he was fined 120 thousand VND by the police. A. Having run B. Being run C. Running D. Being running Question 28: The soldier was punished for_______to obey his commanding officer’s orders. A. being refusing B. having refusing C. having refused D. being refused Question 29:_______the money, they began quarrelling about how to divide it. A. Have found B. Found C. Having found D. Finding Question 30:_______all his money, he decided to go home and ask his father for a job. A. Having spent B. Spent C. Spending D. Have spent Question 31: You can't prevent him from_______alcohol. A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drank Question 32: In spite of_______extremely tired, I went to school. A. to be B. be C. being D. am Question 33: He got good marks at his exams because he spent almost his time his lessons. A. revise B. revising C. to revise D. to be revised Question 34: We saw the first star_______in the sky. A. twinkling B. twinkle C. to twinkle D. twinkled Question 35: It’s no good_______to him, he never answers letters. A. write B. being written C. writing D. to write Question 36: Ask him to come in. Don’t keep him_______at the door. A. to stand B. standing C. stand D. being stood Question 37: The children loved_______the old castle. A. explore B. exploring C. explored D. to explore Question 38: He devoted most of his time_______novels. A. to having written B. to write C. to writing D. to have written Question 39: Who suggested_______here for the picnic? A. come B. came C. to come D. coming Question 40: At last, he admitted_______that box. A. to open B. open C. to be opened D. opening Question 41: My girlfriend is afraid of_______out alone when it gets dark. A. goes B. to go C. going D. go Question 42: From the distance, we could hear the sound of some dogs_______. A. to bark B. to be barking C. barking D. bark Question 43: I demand to see the person who is in charge _______ customers’ complaints here. A. with handling B. to handle C. to be handled D. of handling Question 44: I’m absolutely fed up with_______to the same place for our holidays year after year. Let’s consider_______elsewhere this summer, shall we? A. to go - to go B. having gone - go C. gone - going D. going – going Question 45: Billy really enjoys_______but unfortunately, his parents don’t approve of it and they are making him join the school football team instead. A. to dance B. to be dancing C. dancing D. having danced Question 46: I don’t recall ever_______such a dull film as The English Patient before. A. to watch B. having watched C. to be watching D. to have watched Question 47: Why doesn’t he fancy_______with us to the pub? A. having come B. coming C. to have come D. to come Question 48: Actually I dislike_______by train, but I still prefer it to_______because at least on a train you are still on the ground! A. to travel - have flown B. having travelled - being flown C. travelling - flying D. travelled - be flying Question 49: When Grandma came to stay with us, she wasn’t accustomed_______ in such a big city, so initially she felt terribly disoriented. A. having lived B. living C. to living D. to be living Question 50: Your blue shirt has been washed, but it still needs_______. Why do you insist_______it today anyway? A. to be ironed - wearing B. to have ironed - to wear C. ironing - on wearing D. being ironed - to be wearing Question 51: You know there is no point in_______about the past - after all, you can’t change it, can you? A. to worry B. having worried C. to be worrying D. worrying Exercise 4: Rewrite each of the following sentences with gerund or present participle or perfect participle. Question 1: Christopher apologized. He’d forgotten to pay. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 2: When Tom had repaired the car, he took it out for a road test. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 3: The porter just stood there. He expected a tip. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 4: Because he was the youngest child, Natasha was her father’s favorite. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 5: Mitchell picked up the phone and dialed a number =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 6: He left the phone ring for 5 minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver. =>________________________________________________________________ Question 7: After she had worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 8: We saw Rupert. He was looking into a shop window. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 9: Since Daniel had spent all his money, he couldn't afford a new jacket. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 10: He took out a gun and put it in his briefcase. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 11: Shall we go for a walk? =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 12: Why don’t we visit our teacher? =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 13: It is really quite easy to learn English. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 14: I don’t want to go to the movie tonight. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 15: Complaining about the matter is useless now. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 16: It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 17: Could you turn the radio down, please? =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 18: Are you going to the seaside this summer? =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 19: Will you invite your friends on Sundays? =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 20: He didn’t say goodbye to anyone when he left the room. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 21: He would rather read books than watch television. =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 22: “Do you want to play tennis?” “No, not really.” =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 23: “You were driving too fast.” “Yes, it’s true. Sorry.” =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 24: “You broke into the shop.” “No, I didn’t.” =>_______________________________________________________________ Question 25: Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today? =>_______________________________________________________________