3.

0 Methods
3.1 Participants
32 Heriot-Watt University Malaysia K17SR course students interviewed two participants each.
The participants were recruited through convenience sampling method. A total of 64
participants, aged between 18 and 60 years old, volunteered to participate in the study "The
Impact of Celebrity Worship on Self-Esteem", which focuses on their attitudes towards
celebrities and self-esteem.
3.2 Materials
Each of the participants was given two sets of questionnaires. The first set was the Celebrity
Attitude Scale (McCutcheon et al., 2002), used to measure an individual's level of celebrity
worship. CAS is a 34-item questionnaire that participants answered on a 5-point Likert scale.
1 indicates strongly disagreeing, while 5 indicates strongly agreeing. The CAS was scored by
adding the participants' responses, with higher scores indicating a high level of celebrity
worship and lower scores indicating the reverse.
Furthermore, the second set was Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1979), which
aimed to measure individuals' self-esteem. RSE is a 10-item questionnaire answered on a 4-
point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Some items contributed to
self-esteem and some detracted, so they were scored differently. Half of the RSE items were
reverse-scored. Sum up all the scores, and high scores indicate high self-esteem, while low
scores indicate vice versa.
3.3 Design
In this correlational study, the relationship between celebrity worship and self-esteem was
studied. There were no variables manipulated. Celebrity worship was measured with the
Celebrity Attitude Scale (McCutcheon et al., 2002), whereas self-esteem was measured using
Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1979).
3.4 Procedure
After obtaining ethical approval from Heriot-Watt University’s School of Social Sciences Ethics
Committee, participants were recruited through a convenience sampling method. Prior to the
start of data collection, participants' consent was obtained. Then, they were given two sets of
questionnaires to answer in accordance with the instructions. Lastly, the participants were
debriefed and dismissed.
(297 words)
McCutcheon, L. E., Lange, R., & Houran, J. (2002, February). Conceptualization and
measurement of celebrity worship. British Journal of Psychology, 93(1), 67–87.
https://doi.org/10.1348/000712602162454
Rosenberg, M. (1979). Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE). Acceptance and commitment
therapy. Measures package, 61(52), 18.
https://integrativehealthpartners.org/downloads/ACTmeasures.pdf#page=61