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chn2 NCM
chn2 NCM
CHN2 NCM
Is the science which deals with the study of the human population’s size, composition and
distribution in space.
NCM 113 CHN 2 Module Content:
Sources of Data
UNIT 2 Health Statistics and Epidemiology Census is defined as an official and periodic enumeration of population. Demographic,
A. Tools economic and social data are collected from specified population group.
1. Demography
Sources of Data Sample Survey . instead of census , demographic information collected from a sample of
Population Size a given population.
Composition
Distribution Registration system are those that collected by the civil registrar’s office deal with
recording of vital events in the community. Vital events refer to births, deaths, marriages,
2. Health Indicators divorce and the like. Other registration systems can also be used to describe specific
crude ]Birth Rate characteristics of the population.
Crude Death Rate
Infant Mortality Rate Population Size
Maternal Mortality Rate Refers to the number of people in a given place or area at a given time.
Specific Rate of Mortality
Leading Causes of Morbidity Composition
Life Expectancy When the population is characterized in relation to certain variables such as age, sex,
occupation or educational level.
B. Philippine Health Situation
1. Demographic Profile Distribution
2. Health Profile It shows how people are distributed in a specific geographic location.
Instruction:
List down the Health Indicators and explain how you will integrate these in prevention 8. Responsible for inventory and maintenance of epidemiology and surveillance unit (ESU)
and control of disease in the community. Please use the Neo LMS assignment to answer equipment.
this activity.
1. Natural Life History of Disease
C.EPIDEMIOLOGY AND THE NURSE
Describing the natural history of the disease seeks to identify factors related to the course of a
Epidemiology disease once established in order to determine its duration and the probability of the various
- the study of of the occurrence and distribution of health conditions such as disease, possible outcomes such as recovery, death or specific complications.
death, deformities, or disability on human population.
It also concerned with the study of probable factors that influence the development of Understanding the natural history of disease will help institute measure to prevent pathologic
these health conditions. processes from further evolving.
Study the history population and the rise and fall of diseases and changes in their character 1. Prepathogenesis or susceptibility - in this stage, disease has not developed but factors
that favors its occurrence are present
Diagnose the health of the community and the condition of people to measure the 2. Pathogenesis- disease has developed and has 3 sub- stages:
distribution and dimension of illness in terms of incidence, prevalence, disability and
mortality, to set health problems in perspective and to define their relative importance and A. Pre- symptomatic disease or early pathogenesis - individual has no symptoms that
to identify groups needing special attention. indicate presence of illness.
Study the work of health services with a view of improving them. Operational research B. Discernible lesions - changes maybe detectable through sophisticated laboratory test, during
shows how community expectations can result in the actual provisions of service. this period the early signs and symptoms of disease are developing.
Estimate the risk of disease, accident, defects, and the chances of avoiding them.identify
C. Advanced disease - anatomical and functional changes have produced recognizable signs
syndrome by describing the distribution and association of clinical phenomena in the
and symptoms
population.
Complete the clinical picture of chronic disease and describe their natural history. These stages have relevance to the concept of levels of disease prevention.
LEVELS OF PREVENTION OF HEALTH PROBLEMS
Search for causes of health and disease by comparing the experience of groups that are
clearly defined by their composition, inheritance, experiences, behavior and environments. 1. Primary Prevention
It is directed to the healthy population, focusing on prevention of emergence of risk factors and
removal of the risk factors or reduction of their levels (specific protection)
FUNCTION OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY NURSE
2. Secondary Prevention
1. Implement public health surveillance
Aims to identify and treat existing health problems at the earliest possible time.
2. Monitor local health personnel conducting disease surveillance
3. Conduct and/or assist other health personnel in outbreak investigation
3. Tertiary Prevention
4. Assist in the conduct of rapid surveys, and surveillance during disaster
Limits disability progression. Rehabilitation and maintenance of health.
5. Assist in the conduct of surveys, program evaluations, and other epidemiology studies.
6. Assist in the conduct of training course in epidemiology
7. Assist the epidemiologist in preparing the annual report and financial plan
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The search for determinants (causes) of disease and it's observed distributions
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PLACE
-refers to the features, factor or conditions which existed in or described the environment in
which the diseases occurred.
-Urban/ Rural Differences: diseases spread more rapid in urban areas than in rural areas
primarily because of the greater population.
ENDEMIC OCCURRENCE
-is the continuous occurrence throughout a period of time, of the usual number of cases in a
given locality.
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