Induction Machines - Speed control options

Mainak Sengupta

EE, IIEST Shibpur,

Howrah, WB, India

01 April 2021

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 Discussion Outline

Discussion Outline

• Introduction - why?
• Speed control - options.
• Motor drive applications - basics.
• Conclusions
• Exercises
• Acknowledgements
• References

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 Introduction

Introduction

• Inherent need for speed control in motion control applications.

• Suitability of polyphase AC motors.

• Popularity of IMs among AC motors - on many counts like

constructional, operational and versatility in technical principles and
applications.

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 Introduction

Speed control - I

By voltage control:

We have,
sα
TEM = kT
s2+ α2
 2
3p E1 sα
= 0
L2l ωs s + α2
2

3p V1 2 sα
 
Figure: Deriving IM Torque-slip
' (1)
characteristics using asymptotic L02l ωs s 2 + α2
approximations with constant E1 (pg
260, [1]).

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 Introduction

Speed control - II
By rotor resistance control:
(only for SRIM/WRIM)

1 We note,
sα
TEM = kT
s2 + α2
r20
where, α = (2)
x2l0

Figure: IM Torque-speed characteristics 2 Advantages of r20 variation.

over entire speed range, for constant E1
[14]. 3 Features of r20 variation.
4 Drawbacks of x2l0 variation.

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 Introduction

Speed control - III

By V /f control:

1 We recall,
sα
TEM = kT
s2+ α2
 2
3p V1 sα
'
L02l ωs s 2 + α2
(3)

2 Implications of keeping Vf 1
Figure: Locating the point of stable
constant -parallel shift since
operation in the T-s characteristic [13]. ’αωs ’ is const.
3 Implications of f variation -
but simultaneously with V1 .

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 Introduction

Speed control - IV

By frequency control: (above

base speed only)

1 Implications of f variation -
alone.
2 For other notional
Figure: Locating the point of stable possibilities.
operation in the T-s characteristic [13].

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 Introduction

Speed control - V
Motor drive concepts:

Figure: Motor drive application possibilities of IM [13].

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 Conclusions

Conclusions - I

• Need for speed control appreciated.

V1
• Voltage and f control methods hold for any IM.
• Rotor-resistance control method holds only for SRIM/ WRIM.
• Frequency control method applicable only above base-speed.
• Over to phasor and current locus diagrams next.

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 Exercises

Exercises - I

• From the numerical problems book Problems in Electrical Engineering by

Parker Smith.
1 Chapter - XXXII:
For all Groups: Problems 19-29

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 References

References I

M. G. Say, The Performance and design of Alternating Current

Machines,3rd ed., 1st Indian ed.1983, CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi, India.
A.F. Puchstein, T.C. Lloyd & A. G. Conrad, Alternating Current
Machines, 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 4th reprint May, 1960,
Asia Publishing House, India.
M. Kostenko, L. Piotrovsky, Electrical Machines - Part Two, 1971,
Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, USSR.
Chester L. Dawes, Dawes electrical Engg.- Vol. I & II ,4th ed.,/ 1st
International Students’ Edition ed.1951, McGraw Hill - Kogakusha,
Tokyo.
P. S. Bimbhra, Electric machinery,4th ed.,/ 4th reprint.1996, Khanna
Publishers, New Delhi, India.
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 References

References II

S. K. Sen, Electric Machines,4th ed., 4th reprint.2000, Khanna

Publishers, New Delhi, India.
P. S. Bimbhra, Generalised Theory of Electric machines,4th ed., 4th
reprint.1996, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, India.
E. Openshaw Taylor, The Performance and design of A. C.
Commutator Motors,1st Indian ed., 3rd Indian ed.1977, A.H. Wheeler
Publishing, Allahabad, India.
A. S. Langsdorf, Theory of of A. C. Machinery,1st Indian ed., 3rd
Indian ed.1977, A.H. Wheeler Publishing, Allahabad, India.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/rotating-magnetic-
field

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 References

References III

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-BIHJM-IGQ&
abc hannel=ProfessorEssamHamdi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XF-11MQGQ0 &
abc hannel=LearnEngineering

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.oriental
fs%2Fhubfs%2FAC%2520motor%2520speed%2520torque%2520curve.jpg
imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.orientalmotor.com%2Feliminate-
motor-speed-fluctuations-due-to-input-voltage-or-load-variance&
tbnid=5WxaSHr8uNR8DM&
vet=12ahUKEwjzhrSr28DvAhXekksFHeK6A6kQMyhmegUIARCdAQ..i&
docid=pQ9pCxLIOCHn7M& w=600& h=349&
q=induction%20motor%20torque%20speed

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 References

References IV

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electric
content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F07%2Fspeed-torque-characteristics-
of-IM-20-02-151.gif&
imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electrical4u.com%2Fstarting-
methods-for-polyphase-induction-machine%2F&
tbnid=zopdHbreLPcEvM&
vet=12ahUKEwjzhrSr28DvAhXekksFHeK6A6kQMyg6egQIARA6..i&
docid=-vJvscXPWjcLuM& w=542& h=265&
q=induction%20motor%20torque%20speed%20curve&
ved=2ahUKEwjzhrSr28DvAhXekksFHeK6A6kQMyg6egQIARA6
https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/342599/3-phase-
motor-rpm-depends-on-power-line-frequency

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 References

References V

https://electricalbaba.com/stator-voltage-control-induction-motor/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/induction-motor

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