PROBLEM SOLVING

1. Determine the feed efficiency when the feed consumed is 1kg and the weight gained after 1 month
is 250g.
Formula:
FCE = WG ÷ FC x 100
Where: FCE = Feed Conversion Efficiency
WG = Weight Gained
FC = Feed Consumed
Given: WG = 250g; FC = 1kg; 1 kg = 1,000g
Solution:
FCE= 250g ÷ 1kg x 100
= 250g ÷ 1000g x 100
= 25% feed conversion effeciency

2. How many bags of ammonium sulfate are needed for 1ha if 30 kgN/ha is recommended (50kg/bag)?
Formula:
BAS = Recommended N/ha ÷ N- ratio
Where: BAS– Bags of ammonium sulfate needed
RN– Recommended Nitrogen (per ha)
Fertilizer-Ammonium sulfate (21-0-0)
Given: RN – 30 kg N/ha; Ammonium sulfate – (21-0-0); 50kg/bag
Solution:
BAS = 30 kg N/ha ÷ 0.21= 142.86 kg N/ha
= 142.86 kg N/ha ÷ 50kg/bag
= 2.86 or 3 bags/ha

3. What is the daily feed requirement of your 2,000 pcs fish stock with 20g ABW on the assumption of
90% survival?
Formula:
DFR = (No. of stock × ABW × SR × FR)÷ 1000
Where: DFR = Daily Feed Requirement
ABW = Average Body Weight
SR = Survival Rate
FR = Feeding Rate

Given: No. of stock = 2,000pcs

ABW = 20g
SR = 90%
FR = the feeding rate is based on the ABW of the stock
Solution:
DFR= 2000pcs x 20g x 0.90 x .10/1000
= 3.6 kg

4. Compute the gill net hanging rate given the following:

Formula:
HR = LHL÷ LN x 100
 Where: HR = Hanging Rate
LHL = Length of Hanging Line
LN = Length of Netting
Given: LHL- 500m; LN- 600m
Solution:
Hanging rate = 500m ÷ 600m x 100
= 83.33% or 83%

5. Convert 11 knots to cm.

Formula:
cm = cm/knot ÷ k-1
Where: cm = centimeters
k = knot
Given: cm/knot = 30.48; knots = 11
Solution:
30.48cm
cm = ------------- = 30.48 cm ÷ 11K - 1 =30.48cm ÷10K =3.05 cm
k-1

6. Convert 7 knots to inches

inch/knot
Formula: inch = ----------
k-1

Where: in = inch
k = knot
Given: 1 knot = 12 inches; 7 knots
Computation:
inches = 12inches ÷ K-1
= 12inches ÷ 7K – 1
= 12 inches ÷ 6K
= 2 inches

7. Determine the height of the main dike given the following conditions:
Formula:
(Hat- Gs) + Mr + F
Hm = ------------------------
1- (% S÷100)
Where:
Hm- height of the main dike
Hat-Highest astronomical tide
Gs- Elevation of the ground surface
Mr-Maximum flood level
F- Allowance for freeboard
%S-Shrinkage and settlement
Given: 1.25m = Hat; 1.0m = Gs; 30cm = Mr; 45 cm = F; 25=% S

Computation: (Note: convert centimeter into meter)

Hm =[(1.25m - 1.0m) + 30cm + 45cm] ÷ 1 - (25/100)
 = (0.25m + 0.30m + 0.45m) ÷ 1- 0.25
= 1m ÷ 0.75
= 1.33 m

8. Pond soil analysis in the fishpond of Mr. Bayogos revealed that the average pH of the 3.5 ha pond is
6.2. Determine the quantity of dolomitic lime to be used when the desired pH is 6.8.
Formula: AD = (pHd-pHp) ÷ ((0.1)(% effectivity)) × 0.5ton/ha × area
Where: AD = amount of quantity of lime
pHd = desired pH which is usually 6.8 to 7.2
pHp = present/average pond pH
% effectivity = degree of effectivity depending on the kind of lime to be used;
for unslaked lime it is 173%;
for slaked lime it is 135% effective and
for agricultural lime it is 100% effective.
A = area of pond
Constant is 0.5 tons/ha. which is needed for every (0.1) increase in pH

Solution:
AD = (pHd-pHp) ÷ (0.1)(% effectivity)) × 0.5ton/ha × area
=[(6.8-6.2) ÷ (0.1)(100%effectivity)] x 0.5ton/ha x 3.5 ha
=[(0.6) ÷ (0.1x 1effectivity)]x 0.5 ton x 3.5
=0.6 ÷ 0.1 x 0.5 tons x 3.5
= 6 x 0.5 tons x 3.5
=10.5 tons or 10, 500 kg's of agricultural lime/ dolomitic lime

10. Ted is culturing milkfish at a stocking density of 7 fishes/sq.m in a 1-ha pond. After one month, the
stock had an average body weight of 75g. Determine the required feed given:
Assumptions: *90% SR and 6% FR for 1 month. Convert the stock and determine the cost assumed that
the price is 500 pesos per sack. (1 bag = 50kg)
Formula:
DFR (kg/day) = Original number of stock (pcs.) x Ave. Body Wgt. (g) x estimated survival rate x Feeding Rate ÷ 1000
= 70,000X75gX0.06X0.90/1000
= 283.5Kg
Cost of feed = (Daily Feeding Rate x days x price/sack)÷ 50kg/sack
= (283.5kgX30X500)/50
=P 85,050.00

9. Convert 27 °Celsius to Fahrenheit

Formula: °F = oC (9/5) + 32 or °F = oC (1.8) + 32

Computation:
°F = 27oC (9/5) + 32 = 80.6

10. Convert 225 °Fahrenheit to °Celsius

Formula:
o
C = (°F - 32) 5/9
Computation:
= (225°F - 32) 5/9
 = 107.2oC

11. Convert 9 Joules to Calories

Formula: Calorie = J/4.1858
Computation:
Calorie = 9J/4.1858
= 2.15

12. What is the gross tonnage (m) of a fishing boat when it measures 32.8 ft in L, 1m breadth and 1m
deep?
Formula:
Gross tonnage= Length x Width x Height x 0.60 ÷ 3.28
Computation:
GT (meter) = 32.8ft x 1m x 1m x 0.60 ÷ 3.28
= 10m x 1m x 1m x 0.60 ÷ 3.28
= 6 ÷ 3.28
= 1.83m3

13. Convert 7 inches to knots

Formula: Knot = 12 inches ÷ inch + 1
Computation:
Knot = [12 inches ÷ 7inches] + 1
= 1.71+ 1
= 2.71K

14. How much wheat flour is needed to make a 100g diet with 30% protein using fish meal (61%CP)
and wheat flour (20%) as ingredients?
Computation:

FM 61.% 10 ÷ 41x100 =24.39%

30%

WF 20% 31÷ 41x100 =75.61%

---- -------
41 100%

15. Together with rotifer, artemia is also used as live feed for larvae. Newly hatched brine shrimp is
given 1ind./ml during zoea three stage. Compute the artemia to be given to larvae in one tonner
tank considering the figures counted in SR chamber; 10, 12, 15.
Assumption: before samples were counted, 1ml concentrated artemia was diluted
with 50ml solution.
Computation:
10+12+15= 37
37/3 =12.33
12.33x 50ml =616.5 ind/ml

16. The water for algal culture, holding the broodstock, and larval rearing of crab is treated with
10-15ppm calcium hypochlorite overnight in the reservoir. Hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent that
 kills or inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms. Since chlorine is also toxic to crab, the
water should be strongly aerated to release the chlorine residues or treated with sodium thiosulfate
to deactivate the residues before use. Determine the amount of sodium hypochlorite requirement in
treating the seawater using 15ppm concentration of chlorine and the percentage of hypochlorite in
the product is 70%.

Formula:
W = (C × V) ÷ P
Where; C = desired concentration of chlorine
V = volume
P = percentage of chlorine in the product
Computation:
W= (C x V) ÷ P
W = (15ppm x 1000L) ÷ 70%
= 21.43g

17. Convert 15 calories into Joules

Formula: J = C (4.1858)
Computation: J = 15Cal (4.1858)
= 62.79 J

18. Convert 125cm to knots

Formula: Knot= 30.48 ÷ cm+ 1
Computation: K = (30.48cm ÷ 125) + 1= 1.24 K

19. Crab larvae were fed with rotifer until late zoea stage. Zoea one stage feeding requirement for
rotifer is 15ind/ml and reduced consequently as stage increases. After stocking the newly hatched
larvae, the following day a residual count of rotifer was determined at 10ind/ml. Compute the
amount of rotifer to be added in culture tank given that the rotifer concentrated tank count is
3,500ind/ml.
Formula:
V = ((D-C) × T)/R
where: D - desired density of rotifer
C - current density of rotifer
T - volume of rearing tank
R - density of the rotifer in the rearing tank
Solution:
V = [(15ind./ml -10ind./ml) × 1000L)] ÷ (3,500ind./ml)
= ( 5 ind./ml x 1000L) ÷ 3500 ind./ml
= 5000 ind./ml/ L ÷ 3500 ind./ml
= 1.43 L of rotifer to be added in a culture tank

20. Compute the height of a secondary dike given the following data:
Formula:
(Hst- Gs) + Mr + F
Hs = ------------------------
1 - (% S/100)
Where:
Hst- mean highest spring tide
Gs-ground elevation
 Mr- maximum 24hr rainfall
F- allowance for the freeboard
S- shrinkage/settlement
Given: Hst-1.5m; Gs-1m; Mr-10cm; F-30cm; %S- 15%
Computation:
Hs =(1.5m-1m) + 10cm + 30cm ÷ 1-[(15% ÷ 100)]
=(1.5m -1m) +0.1m +0.3m ÷ (1- 0.15)
= (0.5m + 0.1m + 0.3m) ÷ 0.85
= 0.9m ÷ 0.85
=1.06m

21. Compute back azimuth of AzS 30 degrees, 20 minutes NW

180o + 30o = 210o 20’

22. Mudcrab broodstock weighing 498 g spawned and after 11 days, the eggs hatched. Larvae were
collected and transferred in 50-liter plastic container at 10ml sample bottle; 398, 380, 378 compute
the total larvae harvested and how many liters of larvae is needed for stocking in every 1-tonner
tank.

Computation:
Counting of zoea;
398 + 380 + 378 = 1156 ÷ 3 = 385.33
385.3 zoea/liter

Formula for stocking density:

SD = (dsD × V)/TCL Where;

dsD-desired stocking density
V - volume
TCL - total count of larvae
SD = (80zoea/L × 1000L) ÷ (38,530 zoea/L)
= 80,000 zoea ÷ 38,530zoea/L
= 2.08 L or 2 L larvae in every 1-tonner tank

Compute the amount of ice needed to lower the temperature of 1 ton fish at 4°C in 2 hrs., with the
following given: 6000kcal/kg = Amount of heat to be remove; 80kcal = latent heat of fusion
Formula: Unit of ice=Q/LHF
Where:
Q- amount of heat to be remove (kcal)
LHF- Latent Heat of Fusion
Solution:
Unit of ice = 6000kcal/kg ÷ 80kcal
= 75kg of ice is needed to lower the temperature of 1 ton of fish at 4oC in 2 hrs.

23. What is the daily feed requirement (DFR) of a 2,000pcs fish stock at 10% feeding rate, 20g ABW
and a survival assumption of 90% ?
DFR = # of stock x average body wgt. x feeding rate x survival rate ÷ 1000 g/kg
DFR = 2,000 stock x 20g x 10% x 90% ÷ 1000g/kg =3.6kg
24. Convert 42 °Kelvin to °Celcius.
Formula: °C = Kelvin - 273.15
Computation: oC = 42Kelvin - 273.15 = - 231.15

25. Calculate the minimum ice needed to maintain 250kg fish in 25 °C temperature.
Formula: Q=mc∆T
Where: m- (weight of substance) = 250kg
c- (specific heat) = 0.96
∆T- change in temp. =
Given: m- 250kg; c- 0.96; ∆T- 25 °C
Solution:
Q=mc∆T
Q = 250kg x 0.96 x 25oC = 6000kcal/kg
°
26. If a fishing boat measured 11ft x 1.5ft x 1ft, what is the Gross Tonnage (GT)?
Formula:
GT (feet) = L x W x D x 0.60 ÷ 100
Solution:
GT (feet) = L x W x D x 0.60 ÷ 100
= 11ft x 1.5ft x 1ft x 0.60 ÷ 100
= 16.5 ft3 x 0.60 ÷ 100
= 9.9 ft3 ÷ 100
= 0.099ft3 or 0.1ft3

27. Convert 78 °C to °Kelvin

Formula:
°K= °C + 273.15
Computation:
K = 78 oC +273.15 = 351.15

28. Determine the height of a tertiary dike if the desired pond water level is 1.5m from 0 datum and the
ground elevation is 0.9 m. The maximum 24 hr rainfall is 10cm, allowance and shrinkage is 20%
while freeboard is 25cm.
Formula:
(Dwl- Gs) + Mr + F
Ht = ------------------------
1- (% S/100)
Where:
Dwl -desired water level
Gs - ground elevation
Mr- maximum 24 hrs. rainfall
F- freeboard
% S- shrinkage and allowance
Computation:
Ht = (Dwl - Gs) + Mr + F ÷ [1 - (%S ÷ 100)]
Ht = (1.5m - 0.9m) + 10cm + 25cm ÷ 1 - (20% ÷ 100)
= 0.6m + 0.10m + 0.25m÷ 1 - 0.20
= 0.95m ÷ 0.80
= 1.19m
29. Convert °F to °Kelvin
Formula: °K= (°F+459.67) 5/9
Computation:
°K = (12°F + 459.67) 5/9
= 471.67 x 5 ÷ 9
= 2,358.35 ÷ 9
= 262.04

30. Compute the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of your cultured species if the average body weight is
30g, with 1000 pcs. stock, and the amount of feed is 30kgs for the culture duration.
1kg-1000g
Formula:
Feed Conversion Ratio = amount of feeds ÷ weight gained
Solution:
Weight gained = 200g - 170g = 30g
Amount of feed = 30kgs x 1,000kg/g = 30,000g (convert kilogram into gram)
=30,000g ÷ 1,000pcs stocks
= 30g
FCR = 30 g ÷ 30 g
=1
(NOTE: The lower the Feed Conversion Ratio the better)
31. What is the dike volume if the base is 4m; height, 1.5m; length, 10m; and crown, 2m?
Formula:
A+B
Vol. of the dike = ------- H x D
2
Where: A- crown; B- base; H- height; D- distance
Volume of dike = (2m + 4m) ÷ 2 x 1.5m x 10m
= 6m ÷ 2 x 1.5m x 10m
= 3m x 1.5m x 10m
= 45m3

32. Convert 4 °Kelvin to °F

Formula:
°F = °K (9/5) - 459.67
Computation:
°F = 4°K (9/5) - 459.67
= 7.2 - 459.67
= - 452.47

33. How many hectares are there in a rectangular pond measuring 650 m wide and 750 m long?
Formula:
Area = length x weight
Computation:
A = 750m x 650m
= 487 500sq m or 48.75ha

34. A circular pond has a radius of 25ft. What is the area of the pond surface?
Formula:
Area = πr2
 Computation:
A = 3.14(25ft)2
= 3.14(625ft2)
= 1,962.50sq ft

35. What is the area of a triangle with a height of 14m and base of 6m?
Formula:
Area = (base x height) ÷ 2
Computation:
A = (14m x 6m) ÷ 2
= 84sq m ÷ 2
= 42sq m

36. What is the perimeter of a rectangle if two sides measure 12ft and the other two sides measure 8ft?
Formula:
P= 2L + 2W or two sides plus two sides
Computation:
P = 2(12ft) + 2(8ft)
= 24ft + 16ft
= 40ft
or P = 12 + 12 + 8 + 8 = 40ft

37. Aa pyramid has a base area of 30sq meters and height of 9m. Compute the pyramid volume.
Formula:
Volume = 1/3(base)(height)
Computation:
Volume = 1/3 [(30sq m)(9m)]
= 270/3
= 90 cu. meters

38. The minute hands of a clock rotate through an angle of how many degrees in 2hrs and a half?
Given: 1 hr complete rotation = 360 degrees
half hour or 30 minutes = 180 degrees
Computation:
2 1/2hrs. = 360(2) + 180 degrees
= 720+180
= 900 degrees

39. If the short hand of a clock is at 6, what is the degree of its angle?
Computation:
3hrs = right angle 90 degrees/3hrs.
= 30 degrees
6hrs = 30degrees/hr x 6hrs
= 180 degrees

40. If ones mile is equivalent to 1.61km, then 22.30kms is equivalent to how many miles?
Computation:
1/1.61 = x/22.30
1.61 x = 22.30
 x = 1.61/22.30
x = 13.85miles

41. If the average speed is 75miles per hour, how many seconds will it take to cover a distance of 3
miles?
Formula:
T= distance/rate 1hr = 3600 minutes
Computation:
T = 3miles/75miles per hr x 1/3600
= 144 seconds

42. In the microbiology laboratory, there are 2 microscopes for every 6 fisheries students. How many
microscopes are needed for 36 students?
Computation:
6/36 = 2/N
6N = 2(36)
N = 72/6
= 12

43. What number is 120 less than 78?

Computation:
Let x = the number
= 120 – 78 = 42

44. If 25% of 50% of 80 is 10, then 1/4 of 5/10 of 80 is

Computation:
Let x = 5/10(80)
= 400/10
= 40
= 1/4(5/10)(80)
= 1/4(40)
= 10

45. If the length is measured to the nearest cm and is recorded as the nearest unit below, a fish length of
258mm will be recorded as
Computation: 1cm is equivalent to 10mm
258mm÷ 10mm
= 25.8cm

46. Calculate the volume of the water in a rectangular pond if the pond area is 75m x 55m and the
average depth is 3.28 feet.
Computation:
Volume = 75m x 55m x 1m
= 4125m3

47. If chicken dung is to be applied at 2000kgs/ha, how much is needed for 3.5 hectares?
Computation:
= [2,000kgs/ha ÷ 1000] x 3.5 ha.
= 70,000kgs
 ( 1 ha. = 10,000 sq.m)

48. If the stocking rate in the pond is 0.5/sq. m. How much will be stocked in a 1.2-hectare pond?
Computation:
= 12,000sq. m x 0.5/sq. m
= 6,000 stock

49. Determine the number of eggs spawned by each individual of the 5 prawn spawners stocked in a
spawning tank with a capacity of 250 liters. The total number of eggs produced is 3.5 x 105.
Formula: Number of eggs spawned =Total number of eggs ÷ number of spawners
Computation:
Number of eggs spawned = 3.5 x 105 ÷ 5 spawners
= 350,000÷ 5 spawners
=70 000

50. If the number of nauplii is 3.0 x 105 and the eggs produced is 3.5 x 105, what is the hatching rate?
Formula: Hatching rate = Amount of hatched fry ÷ Amount o f fertilized eggs x 100
Computation:
HR = 3.0 x 105÷ 3.5 x 105 x 100
= 300,000 ÷ 350,000 x 100
= 85.71%

51. At mysis stage, survival rate obtained was only 70%. If the number of nauplii is 3.0 x 105, how
many organisms survived?
Computation:
Number of nauplii that survived = 3.0 x 105 x 70%
= 300,000 x 0.70
=210,000pcs

52. Compute for the required number of fingerlings per hectare if at harvest survival rate is 80%, size is
0.75kg/pc and total crop is 5000kgs.
Computation:
Number of fingerlings = 5000kgs x 0.75kg/pc ÷ 80%
= 3,750pcs ÷ 80%
= 4,688pcs

53. In the larval rearing of prawn, newly hatched nauplii are stocked at a density of 500 nauplii/liter in
the 2.5-ton larval rearing tank with fresh filtered seawater filling up to 75% of the tank capacity.
What would be the number of stock?
Computation:
Number of stock = 500 nauplii/liter x 2.5 ton x 75%
= 500 nauplii/L x 2,500 ton x 0.75
= 1,250,000 nauplii/L/ton x 0.75
= 937,500pcs

54. Formulate a diet that contains 25% protein based on the following data: fish meal - 60 and shrimp
head meal - 30 with a ratio of 3:1; rice bran - 8 and corn meal - 10 with a ratio of 2:1. How many
grams of shrimp head meal are needed to make a 100-gram diet?
Computation:
 ratio 3:1 (3+1= 4)
60FM + 30SHM=90 7÷ 72 x100 = 9.72 9.72÷ 4 =2.43
2.43 x 3= 7.29 fish meal
25 2.43 x 1= 2.43 shrimp head meal
ratio 2:1 (2+1= 3)
8RB + 10CM=18 65 ÷ 72 x 100 = 90.28 90.28÷ 3 = 30.09
---- 30.09 x 2 = 60.18 rice meal
72 30.09 x 1 = 30.09 corn meal

55. Determine feed efficiency if feed consumed is 1kg and weight gain after 1 month is 250 g.
Computation:
Effeciency of fed utilized =250g weight gain ÷ 1kg feed consumed
= 250g ÷ 1000g
=0.25 or 25%

56. The length of a drainage pond is changing at a rate of 7ft/hr and the perimeter of the pond is
changing at the rate of 28ft/hr. At what rate is the width changing?
Formula:P = 2L + 2W
Where: P = perimeter
L = length
W = width
Given: Length = 7ft/hr; Width = 28ft/hr
Computation:
28 = 2(7) + 2W
28 = 14 + 2W
28-14 = 2W
7=W

57. A 1-ha modular fishpond has a rearing pond with a ratio of 1:2:4 and 1:3:9, What is the area of “3”
in square meters?
Computation:
RP - 80%=8000sq m; TP- 6%=600sq m; NP-4%=400sq m; OS- 10%=1000sq m
Operating System = 1,000sq m÷ 2 = 500sq m)
Rearing Pond = 8,000sq m ÷ 2 =4,000sq.m
4,000sq m(1:3:9); 4,000sq m (1:2:4)
RP1= 4000 sq m- 500sq m(OS)= 3,500sq m
= 3,500sq m - 600sq m(TP) = 2,900 sq m
=2,900sq m - 400 sq m = 2,500sq m
2,500sq m ÷ 7 = 357.14
1= 357.14sq m
2= 714.28sq m
4= 1,428.56sq m
RP2 = 4,000sq m -500sq m-3,500sq m
3,500sq m ÷ 13 = 307.69sq m
1= 269.23 sq m
3= 807.69 sq m
9= 2,423.08 sq m

58. A trapezoid has an area of 100sq cm, height of 16cm and base of 6cm. Find the other base.
 Formula:
Area = (a + b)/2 x h a=6
h=16
b=?
Computation:
Area= (a + b)/2 x h
100sq cm= (6cm + b)/2 x 16cm
100sq cm=[(6cm +b)16cm]/2
100sq cm=(96sq cm +16cm b)2
100sq cm=48sq cm + 8cm b
100sq cm-48sq cm =8cm b
52sq cm=8cm b
6.5cm=b
Checking: 100sq cm = (6cm +6.5cm)/2 x 16cm
100sq cm = 12.5cm/2 x 16cm
100sq cm = 6.25cm x 16cm
100sq cm = 100sq cm

59. The total sampling depth using a plankton net is 5.6m deep. Net diameter and length is 30cm and 1
meter, respectively. What is the hauling depth?
Formula:
HD = total sampling depth - (plankton net length +0.5m)
Where: HD = Hauling depth
Given: Total Sampling Depth = 5.6m
Plankton net length = 1m
Net diameter = 30 cm
Computation:
HD = 5.6m deep - (1m +0.5) = 4.1m or 410cm
(Note: Hauling depth is dependent on the total deep of the sampling station and length of the plankton net; in 1 meter
plankton net, d, is calculated by reducing 1.5m above the sea bottom.)

60. Two aquaria were connected by a small square prism. Find the volume of the double aquarium.
1ft
4ft
4ft 4ft

4ft

5ft 2ft 5ft

Compputation:
V1a = bh = 20sq ft x 4ft = 80cu ft
V1b = bh = 20sq ft x 4ft = 80cu ft
V2 = bh = 1sq ft x 2ft = 2cu ft
V = 80cu ft + 80cu ft + 2cu ft = 162cu ft

61. Compute the area of a right triangle.

Computation:
B Area=base x height/2
650m 860m = 850m x 600m
 =255 000sq m
600m

A 850m C

62. Find the volume of seawater filtered by plankton net with hauling depth (ml) of 410 cm and
plankton net area of 706.5cm2.
Formula: Vs = A x d
where:
Vs = volume of water
A = area of plankton net
d = hauling depth
Given: d = 410cm; A = 706.5cm2
Computation:
706.5cm2 x 410 cm = 289,665cm3 or 289,665ml

63. Calculate the water volume in a rectangular pond (in cubic feet) based on the following assumptions:
length, 20m; width, 15m and average depth, 1m.
Formula: Vw = L x W x Depth
Where:
Vw = Volume of water
L = length
W = width
D = depth
Given: L = 20m; W = 20m; D = 15m
Computation:
Volume of water = 20m x 15m x 1m
= 10,591.65cu ft

64. Ten crabs were fattened in a bamboo pen. Individual weight (g) of the crabs noted were: 152.1,
160.2, 172.3, 180.1, 178.0, 166.0, 150.7, 180.0, 191.1, and 180.8g. Compute the average body
weight of the crabs stocked.
Computation:

ABW = 152.1 + 160.2 + 172.3 + 180.1 + 178.0 + 166.0 + 150.7 + 180.0 + 191.1 180.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10
= 171.13g

65. If the average body biomass of the ten crabs stocked was 180.0g and fed daily based at 10% body
weight, what is the daily ration for each crab?
Computation:
180.0g x 10% = 18g
180.0og x 0.10 = 18g

66. How much CaCo3 is needed to raise soil pH of 6.0 to 6.8 in a 1.5-hectare pond?
Formula:
desired pH - pond pH 0.5 tons
Quantity of CaCO3 = --------------------------- x ---------- x Area
(0.1)(% efficiency) ha
 Computation:
6.8-6.0 0.5ha
Quantity of CaCO3 = ------------ x ------- x 1.5ha = 6 tons
0.1 x 1.0 ha

67. Compute the dike volume to be constructed having the following particulars: length, 1250m; base,
5.0m; height, 1.3m and top width of the crown, 2.5m.

Formula: Computation:
b+T V= [(5.0m +2.5m) ÷ 2] (1.3m x 1250m)
Volume =------- (h)(L) = (7.5m ÷ 2) (1,625sq m)
2 = (3.75m) (1,625 sq m)
= 6,093.75 cu. m

68. Determine the width of the dike, with a crown top width of 2m, height of 1.3m and a side slope of
1.5:1(z = 1.5).
Formula: Computation:
b= T + 2 (zd) b = 2m +2[(1.5)(1.3)]
Where: T - top width of crown = 2m +2(1.95 )
Z - side slope = 5.9m
D - height

69. Compute the cross-sectional area of the dike:

Given: base of the dike = 5.9m; height of the dike = 1.3m; top width of crown = 2.0m
Formula: Computation:

A= (b + T) ÷ 2 x(h) A =(5.9 + 2.0) ÷ 2 x 1.3m

= 7.9m ÷ 2 x 1.3m
=5 .135m2

70. Compute the rate of seepage in a dike based on the following data:
Formula:
q= K (√(h2 + w2－w) k1(h÷w)(H)
Where:
(K) - permeability value of the dike = 1.7cm/hr
(k1) -permeability value of the foundation = 1.4cm/hr
(h) - height of water level = 1.3cm
(w) - effective width of the dike = 5.59cm
(H) - depth of the impermeable soil layer below the dike = 2cm
Computation:
q = 1.7cm [√(1.3cm) + (5.59cm)－5.59cm)] +(1.4 cm)(1.3cm÷5.59cm) (2cm)
=0.9048cm/hr

71. Determine the bounded area, using the following data: width of strips (d)-20m, values of off sets -
30, 25, 5, 10, 16, 28, 20
Formula: Computation:
(Sumh +[ho + hn]÷ 2 (d) Sumh = 25 + 5 + 10 + 16 + 28 = 84
A = 84 +(50÷2)(20)
 = 584sq m

72. Compute the area of a trapezoid:

Formula:
A= (a + b)÷ 2 (h) where: a, b-individual of two parallel
sides such as BC and AD
600m 550m h- perpendicular distance bet. a and b
560m
B D Computation: = [(980 + 600) ÷ 2] (560)
= 442,400sq m
980m
610m

73. Determine pond light penetration using the “limits of visibility method”, where depth at which
secchi disk disappears and disappears is 0.90cm and 0.75cm, respectively.
Formula: Visibility = disappearance + reappearance ÷ 2
Computation:
V = 0.90 + 0.75 ÷ 2
V = 0.83 cm

74. Calculate the water flow of a canal having the velocity of 0.425m/s, width of 1m and depth of 0.5m.
Formula: Volume= width x depth x velocity
Computation:
V = 1m x 0.5m x 0.425m/s
= 0.21m3/s

75. Determine the total volume of flow (R) in each segment of the stream using the data below;
thereafter, compute the total flow rate of the stream.

STREAM DESCRIPTION SITE

SEGMENT A B C

Width (m) 10 15 12
Midpoint depth (m) 7 12 10
Mean velocity (m/s) 5 4 6
Computation:
A = 10 x 7 x 5 = 350m/s
B = 15 x12 x4 = 720m/s
C = 12 x 10x 6 = 720m/s
1,790m/s

76. Of the total ten crabs stocked, only 7 survived after 20 days of fattening in the bamboo pen. What is
 the stock survival rate?
Computation:
Stock survival rate = 7÷10 x 100 = 70%
77. Pond soil analysis on the fishpond of Mr. Gomez reveal an average pH of 6.2 in the 3.5ha pond.
Determine the quantity of unslaked lime to be used. Compute the cost of liming if unslaked lime
price is PhP1.00 per kg.
Formula:
desired pH - pond pH 0.5tons
Quantity of CaCO3 = --------------------------- x ---------- x Area
(0.1)(% efficiency) ha
Computation:
Quantity of CaCO3 = (6.8-6.2) ÷ [(0.1)(1.73)] x 0.5tons ÷ ha x 3.5ha
= 6.07tons
Cost of lime = 6 070 x 1.00/kg
= PhP6,070.00/kg

78. Compute the quantity of slake lime and its cost using the following data: soil pH of 6.2 in the 2
hectares pond and slake line costs Php0.80/kg.
Formula:
desired pH - pond pH 0.5ton
Quantity of slake lime = --------------------------- x ---------- x Area
(0.1)(% efficiency) ha
Computation:
Quantity of slaked lime = (6.8-6.2) ÷ [(0.1)(1.35)] x 0.5tons ÷ ha x 2ha
= 4.44 tons
Cost of lime = 4 440 x 0.80/kg
= Php3,552.00/kg

79. Determine the quantity of dolomitic lime to be used in a 1-ha pond with a soil pH of 6.2. Likewise,
compute the liming cost liming if the dolomitic lime is 0.50kg.
Formula:
desired pH - pond pH 0.5tons
Quantity of dolomitic lime=--------------------------- x ---------- x Area
(0.1)(% effeciency) ha
Computation:
Quantity of dolomitic lime = (6.8-6.2) ÷ [(0.1)(1.0)] x 0.5tons ÷ ha x 1ha
= 3tons
Cost of lime = 3000 x 0.50/kg
= PhP1,500.00/kg

80. Compute the number of larvae in a 400L larval rearing tank, if the volume of sample is 50ml and
average sample count is 4 larvae/50ml. What is the density/liter of the larvae?
Computation:
Number of larvae = 400L x [(1000ml ÷ 50ml)] x 4
= 80 larvae/liter

81. Determine the percent egg viability using with the following : volume of tank=400L; volume of
sample=2.0L; number of live eggs in the sample=3500; and total number of dead eggs in the
sample=350
 number of live/dead eggs in sample
 Total number of live/dead eggs = ------------------------------------------- x volume of tank
Volume of sample
 Total # of eggs = Total number of live eggs + total number of dead or unfertilized eggs
Total number of live eggs
 Percent viability = -------------------------------- x 100
Total number of eggs
Computation:
Total # of live eggs = 3500 ÷ 2.0L x 400L = 700,000
Total # of dead eggs = 350 ÷ 2.0L x 400L = 70,000
Total # of eggs = 770,000
Percent viability = 700,000 ÷ 770,000
= 90.91%

82. Determine the hatching rate based on the following information:

Given: volume of incubation tank = 400L; volume of sample = 2.5L; total number of
live eggs = 800 000; number of normal larvae in sample = 4 000; and
number of abnormal larvae sample = 200
Formula:
No. of normal and abnormal larvae in sample
Total # of larvae = --------------------------------------------------------- x volume of hatching rate
No. of sample
Hatching rate = total number of larvae ÷ total number of live eggs x 100
Computation:
Total number of larvae=(4000 + 200) ÷ x 400 = 672,000
Hatching rate = 672,000 ÷ 800,00 x 100 = 84%

83. Calculate the volume of formalin required to treat the larvae at 30ppm if you have 20% formalin in
a bottle and the larval rearing tank contains 250L (250,000ml).
Formula: C1V1=C2V2
Where: C1 - concentration of formalin in the bottle
V1 - concentration of formalin needed in the LRT (30ppm)
C2 - volume of formalin needed from the bottle
V2 - volume of water in the LRT
Computation:
C1V1 = C2V2
200,000 x V1 = 30 x 250,000
V1 = 7 500 000 ÷ 200 000
= 37.5ml

84. If the tank water depth is 5ft, what will be the tank bottom pressure?
Formula: Pressure = force/area
Computation:
Pressure = (5ft/34ft) x 14.7psi
= 0.14706 x 14.7psi
= 2.16psi

85. A circular pond has a circumference of 650ft and a model boat is moving directly across the pond
along a radius at the rate of 10ft per second. How long does it take the boat to get from the edge of
 the pond to the center. Find the radius of the pond.
Formula: C = 2πr
Computation:
650ft = 2(3.14)r
650ft = 6.28r
r = 103.50ft
To get the pond center:
103.50ft is multiplied by 10ft/s = 10.35sq ft/sec
Checking:
650ft = 2(3.14)103.50ft
650ft = 6.28(103.50ft)
650ft = 650ft

86. The increase in pressure is 14.7psi for every 34 feet of additional depth. If a scuba diver descends to
a depth of 200 ft, what would be the pressure?
Formula:
Pressure: force/area
Computation:
Pressure = (200ft/34ft) x 14.7psi
= 5.88 x 14.7psi
= 86.44psi
87. Compute the raising factor given the following: 1000sq of Sedgewick Rafter; 20sq were observed in
counting Pyrodinium bahamense.
Formula: Raising factor = # of squares in Sedgewick Rafter/ # of squares observed
Computation:
Rf = 1,000sq/20sq = 50

88. Determine the number of cells in 1 ml sample if P. Bahamense cells counted is 260 cells in 20sq and
300 cells in 25 sq; Sedgewick Rafter has a 1 000sq
Formula: N(cells/ml) = n x Rf
where: n = number of cells counted per trial; Rf = raising factor
Computation:
Rf = 1,000sq/20sq = 50 Rf = 1,000sq/25sq = 40
N = (n x Rf) + (n x Rf) ÷ 2
N = [(260cells x 50) + (300cells x 40)] ÷ 2
= (13,000cells + 12,000cells)/2
= 25,000cells/2
= 12,500cells/ml

89. If the tank has a length of 60 inches, height of 45 inches, and width of 20inches, what is the water
volume in a rectangular tank if water level is 27 inches?
Volume(tank) = length x width x height
Volume (fill) = length x width x height
 Computation:
Volume (fill) = length x width x height
= 60inches x 20inches x 27inches
= 32 400 cu in

90. What is the volume of water in a cylindrical tank, in feet?

Given: diameter = 48inches; height = 36inches; fill height - 32inches
Computation: 1inch - 0.083ft.
48in - 3.98ft; 36in - 2.98ft; 32 in - 2.67ft.
V(tank) = πr2h
V(tank) = (3.14) (48) (36)
= 3.14 (3.98ft)2 (2.98ft)
= 3.14(15.84sq ft)(2.98ft)
= 148.22cu ft
2
V(fill) = πr f
V(fill) = (3.14) (3.98ft)2 (2.67ft)
= 3.14 (15.84ft)2 (2.67ft)
=132.80cu ft

91. The Palmer-Maloney slide or hemacytometer slide chamber has a diameter of 7.9mm, depth of 400
micrometers and area of 250 sq mm. Total volume is 0.1L, and the sum of the algal count averaged
42.5cells. Estimate the algal density.
Computation:
42.5 cells multiply by area of 250 sq mm= 10, 625cells/sq mm
then multiply the value by 1000 to get cells/ml (1,000cu mm=1ml)
10 625cells/sq mm x 1000= 10 625,000cells/ml
10.625 million cells/ml or 10.625 x 106 cells/ml

92. What is the plankton net mouth area if it’s diameter is 30cm?
Formula:
Area = πr2
where: π is 3.14; r2 is the radius
Computation:
Area = 3.14 (30cm/2)2
= 3.14 (15)2cm2
= 3.14 (225cm2)
= 706.5cm2

93. A motorboat traveling 5m/s east, encounters current traveling 3m/s, north. If the
river is 85m wide, how much time will it take for the boat to travel shore to shore?
Formula: Time = distance/average speed
Where: T = time
 D = Distance
S = Average speed
Given: D = 85m; S = 5m/sec
Computation:
T = 85m
-------
5m/sec.
= 17 sec

94. How far is the boat cruising if it covers 25nm in 2hrs and a half?
Formula: 60D = ST, hence, speed = 60D/T
Computation:
S = 60 x D/S
= 60 x 25/150
= 1500/150
= 10 knots

95. You will leave your marina on a trip to a nearby restaurant for lunch. Reservation at the restaurant is
at 1200h and the restaurant is 29 nautical miles from your marina. You plan a leisurely cruise of 12
knots. What time must you leave your marina to arrive at the restaurant at your reservation time?
Formula: Distance/speed = time
Computation:
29/12 = 2.42hrs
0.42 x 60 = 25 minutes (the trip will take 2 hrs and 25 minutes)
1200 - 0225 = 0935
1160 - 0225 = 0935h
9:35 am boat leaves the marina in order to arrive at the restaurant by noon

96. A tank is filled with water has a height 2.5m. Calculate the pressure exerted on the bottom of the
tank. Water density = 1,000 kg/cu m; acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/sq sec.
Formula:
P=p x g x h
where: p - density of water; g - gravity; h - height
Computation:
P = 1 000kg/cu m x 9.8m per sq sec x 2.5 m
= 9800 x 2.5
= 24,500 Pascal

97. How far will your boat go in 7 hours, if it’s speed is 10 knots?
Formula:
Distance = speed x time
Computation:

D = 10 knots x 420minutes
= 4200/60
= 70 nautical miles
100. Compute the back azimuth of 135°.
Solution:
Since 135° is less that 180°, back azimuth could be computed by adding 180° to the given
number. Hence,
135° + 180° = 315°

101. Solve for the back azimuth of 292°.

Solution:
Since 292° is higher than 180°, back azimuth could be computed by subtracting 180° to the
number. Hence,
292° - 180° = 112°

102. Solve for the back azimuth of 180°. Since the number is exactly South at 180°, 180 could either be
added or subtracted from the number. Hence,
180°+ 180° = 360° or 180° - 180° = 0°
Answer: 360° or 000°

103. Compute for the pace factor using the following: measured distance of 50 meter with the steps of
79, 82, 79, 78, 69, 70, 75, 81, 83 and 73.
Formula:
Pace factor= measured distance (m) ÷ number of paces
Solution:
Steps= 79+ 82+ 79+ 78+ 69+ 70+ 75+ 81+ 83+ 73= 769
=769÷10
=76.9
PF= 50 meter÷ 76.9 steps = 0.65

104. Scaling-is the process of increasing or decreasing the size far object.
Formula:
Measurement=actual distance ÷ scale x 100
Example: 1:2000

200m

250m
Solution:
L =250m÷2000 x 100 = 12.5 cm
W=200m÷2000 x 100 = 10cm