INTERNSHIP REPORT

ON
A Detailed study on Transformers
At SHAKSHI TRANSFORMERS PVT. LTD.
Submitted by
PARMAR VARUNKUMAR
210500109509
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
Electrical Engineering
SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

2023

SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING 1 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

 SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report submitted along with the project entitled

internship on transformer has been carried out by PARMAR VARUNKUMAR

under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering

in Electrical Engineering, 7th Semester of Gujarat Technological University,

Ahmadabad during the academic year 2023.

PROF. RASIKA LINGE PROF.RASIKA LINGE

Internal Guide Head of the Department

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SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING 3 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
 SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Internship report submitted along with the Internship

entitled internship on transformer submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree

of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering to Gujarat Technological

University, Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of original project work carried out by

me at SHAKSHI TRANSFORMERS PVT. LTD. under the supervision of PROF.

RASIKA LINGE and that no part of this report has been directly copied from any

students’ reports or taken from any other source, without providing due reference.

Name of the Student Sign of Student

1. PARMAR VARUNKUMAR

SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING i GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

 Acknowledgement

I express my gratitude to my faculty guide Prof. Rasika Linge mam for providing me guidance
and academics input during my training. I thank to all my faculty members. I am very thankful
to my company guide Mr. Pradeep Chaudhary for helping me in my training at SHAKSHI
TRANSFORMER PVT. LTD.

I deeply express my gratitude to Mr. Jighnesh Padhiyar (Supervisory Engineering) without

whose permission it would have not been possible carry out my internship at SHAKSHI
TRANSFORMER PVT. LTD. Finally, I express my gratitude to all who have directly or
indirectly contributed to successfully complete my internship report.

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 Abstract

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to

another by magnetic coupling without requiring relative motion between its parts. It
usually comprises two or more coupled windings, and, in most cases, a core to
concentrate magnetic flux. An alternating voltage applied to one winding creates a time-
varying magnetic flux in the core, which induces a voltage in the other windings. Varying
the relative number of turns between primary and secondary windings determines the
ratio of the input and output voltages, thus transforming the voltage by stepping it up or
down between circuits.

I recently have done my internship in Shakshi Transformers Pvt. Ltd. I got training in
distribution transformer production unit. The internship basically revolved around the
transformer manufacturing. The system, the style of working and the commitment of the
employees in Shakshi Transformers Pvt. Ltd. is really exemplary.

In this report I have given a very brief review of what I have seen and learnt during my
internship. This report will give its reader knowledge about Shakshi Transformers Pvt.
Ltd. and especially about the transformer.

I have made it possible to write each and every thing that I have learnt here.

SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING iii GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Table of Content

Contents
Acknowledgement..........................................................................................................ii
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... iii
Chapter 1 Introduction to company ............................................................................. 1
1.1 General Background .......................................................................................... 1
Chapter 2 Introduction to Transformer ........................................................................ 3
2.1 Transformer ........................................................................................................ 3
2.2 Classification of Transformer ............................................................................ 3
2.3 Application of transformer ................................................................................. 4
2.4 Parts of transformer ........................................................................................... 4
2.4.1 Core.................................................................................................................. 5
2.4.2 Winding............................................................................................................ 5
a) High voltage winding ............................................................................................. 6
b) Low voltage winding .............................................................................................. 6
2.4.3 Insulating material .......................................................................................... 6
2.4.4 Conservator ..................................................................................................... 7
2.4.5 Breather ........................................................................................................... 7
2.4.7 Cooling tube .................................................................................................... 8
2.4.8 Buchholz relay ................................................................................................ 9
2.4.9 Explosion vent ................................................................................................ 9
2.5 Losses in transformer ...................................................................................... 10
2.5.1 Core loss or iron loss ................................................................................... 10
1 Hysteresis loss ..................................................................................................... 10
2 Eddy current loss ................................................................................................. 10
2.5.2 Copper loss ................................................................................................... 10
Chapter 3 Manufacturing process of transformer .......................................................... 11
3.1 Product design and planning........................................................................... 11
3.2 Manufacturing process .................................................................................... 11
3.2.1 Core manufacturing ...................................................................................... 11
3.2.2 Windings ........................................................................................................ 12
• Types of winding .................................................................................................. 12
3.2.3 Core assembly .............................................................................................. 13
3.2.4 Ovening ......................................................................................................... 13
3.2.5 Tank ............................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 4 Testing of Transformer .............................................................................. 15
4.1 Testing of Transformer..................................................................................... 15
4.2 Types of transformer test................................................................................. 15
4.3 Test conducted at company ............................................................................ 17
SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING iv GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
4.3.1 Open circuit test or No-load test on Transformer ....................................... 17
4.3.2 Short circuit test on transformer ................................................................. 18
4.3.3 Winding resistance test ................................................................................ 20
4.3.4 Ratio test ....................................................................................................... 20
4.3.5 Insulation resistance test ............................................................................. 21
4.3.6 Dielectric strength of transformer oil .......................................................... 22
Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 23
References: ................................................................................................................. 24

SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING v GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

 Chapter 1 Introduction to company

1.1 General Background

I take pleasure in introducing "SHAKSHI TRANSFORMER PVT.LTD." Established in

the year 2011, we "SHAKSHI TRANSFORMERS PRIVATE LIMITED" is a notable
and prominent Private Limited Company that is engaged in manufacturing a wide range
of Transformers.

The company manufacture a wide range of Industrial Power Transformer, Industrial

Distribution Transformer, Oil Cooled Transformer, Cast Resin Transformer, Dry Type
Transformer, Servo Voltage Stabilizer, etc. We also Provide Transformer AMC Service
and On-site Transformer Services to our clients. Located in Vadodara (Gujarat, India).

Shakshi Transformer Pvt. Ltd. offers better latest assured quality, quicker delivery,
economical price and total prompt service right from initial stage to commissioning and
thereafter to ensure smooth and economical working.

To ensure reliability most of the vital components are manufactured in our work-shop for
which necessary manufacturing infrastructure exists including a testing room, winding
room, vacuum filtering, fabrication department, painting, and assembly department etc.
All the "SHAKSHI TRANSFORMER PVT.LTD" products are manufactured to conform
relevant ISO 9001-2015 certified and our quality plan and are engineered to perfectly
meet provided specifications and each product is backed by a comprehensive service,
which includes application, assistance, layout plan and pre installation advice.

SHAKSHI TRANSFORMER PVT.LTD is well positioned to provide its customers with

technology-driven, value-added solutions, leveraging a broad product portfolio on the
one hand, and enhancing the entire value-chain quality, delivery, and services on the other
hand.

It is the pioneer manufacturer of distribution transformers in Vadodara. The company has

always been contributing towards the advancement and development of the engineering

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 sector by introducing a range of quality electrical equipment’s.

1.2 Product Manufacture

Manufacturing of Distribution Transformer: A distribution transformer or service

transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric
power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the
level used by the customer.
• Distribution Transformers

• Pole Mounted Transformer

Rated Output (KVA):25,63,100, 160, 200, 250.

• Indoor mounted transformer

Rated Output (KVA):25, 63, 100, 160,200,

1.3 Service offered by Company

Repairing of existing Transformers: Sakshi Transformer pvt. ltd. will also undertake the
repairing of existing transformers from various customers for any different types offaults
that results in distribution transformer

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 Chapter 2 Introduction to Transformer
2.1 Transformer
Definition: A transformer is a static device which works on principle of electro- magnetic
induction and transfers electric power from one circuit to another without change in
frequency. It can raise or lower the voltage in circuit but with correspondingdecrease or
increase in the circuit.
Since construction of transformer requires no moving part, it requires very less repair and
maintenance.

2.2 Classification of Transformer

On the basis of output voltage

1. Step up

2. Step down

On the basis of core construction

1. Core type

2. Shell type

On the basis of cooling system

1. Naturally cooled

2. Oil cooled

3. Water cooled

4. Forced air cooled

On the basis of output capacity

1. Auto transformer

2. Instrument transformer

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On the basis of commercial

1. power transformer

2. Distribution transformer

2.3 Application of transformer

• It is used to increase and decrease alternating voltage in transmission line.

• The transformer used for impedance matching.

• The transformer used for isolate two circuits electrically.

• The transformer used for step up low voltage in case of measurement.

• The transformer used for step down high voltage for safety.

• The transformer used in rectifier.

2.4 Parts of transformer

The following are the basic components of a transformer

1. Laminated core

2. Windings

3. Insulating Materials

4. Tap changer

5. Conservator

6. Breather

7. Cooling tubes

8. Buchholz Relay

9. Explosion vent

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2.4.1 Core

Core is used to support the windings in the transformer. It also provides a low reluctance
path to the flow of magnetic flux. It is made up of laminated soft iron core inorder to
reduce eddy-current loss and Hysteresis loss. The composition of a transformer core
depends on such factors as voltage, current, and frequency.

2.4.2 Winding

There are two types of winding primary and secondary which are wound on
transformer core and insulated from each other.

1.Primary winding

In this winding we give single phase or tree phase supply voltage.

2.Secondary winding

From this winding we get output voltage. If the turns of this winding are less than
primary than transformer is step down type or the turns is more than transformer is step
up transformer.

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Based on the voltage winding can be classified as follow.

a) High voltage winding

High voltage windings are made up of copper coil. The number of turns in it is the
multiple of the number of turns in the low voltage windings. It has copper coils thinner
than that of the low voltage windings.

b) Low voltage winding

Low voltage winding has lesser number of turns than that of the high voltage windings.It
is made up of the thick copper conductors. This is because the current in the low voltage
windings is higher than that of high voltage windings.

2.4.3 Insulating material

1. Insulating paper

Insulating papers and card boards are used in transformers of to isolate primary and
secondary winding from each other and from transformer core.

2. Transformer oil

Transformer oil is also an insulating material. Transformer oil performs two important
functions of insulation as well as cooling for the core and coil assembly. Core and windings
of the transformer must be completely immersed in the oil. Normally hydrocarbon mineral
oils are used as transformer oil. Oil contamination is a serious problem because it robs its
dielectric properties and renders it useless as an insulating medium.

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2.4.4 Conservator

Conservator conserves the transformer oil. It is an airtight metallic cylindrical drum

which is fitted above the transformer. The conservator tank is vented to the atmosphere
at the top and the normal oil level is approximately in the middle of the conservator to
allow expansion and contraction of oil during the temperature variations. It is connected
to the main tank inside the transformer which is completely filled with transformer oil
through a pipeline.

2.4.5 Breather

The insulating oil of transformer is provided for cooling and insulating purpose.
Expansion and contraction of oil during the temperature variations cause pressure change
inside the conservator. This change in pressure is balanced by the flow of atmospheric air
into and out of the conservator. Transformer breather is a cylindrical container which is
filled with silica gel. Insulating oil reacts with moisture can affect the paper insulation
or may even lead to some internal faults. So, it is necessarythat the air entering the

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tank is moisture free. For this purpose, breather is used. Breather consists of silica gel
contained in a chamber. When the atmospheric air passes through the silica gel breather
the moisture contents are absorbed by the silica crystals. Silica gel breather is acts like an
air filter for the transformer and controls the moisture level inside a transformer. It is
connected to the end of breather pipe.

2.4.6 Tap changer

The output voltage may vary according to the input voltage and the load. During loaded
conditions the voltage on the output terminal fall and during off load conditions the output
voltage increases. In order to balance the voltage variations, tap changers are used. Tap
changers can be either on load tap changer or off load tap changer. In on load tap
changers, the tapping can be changed without isolating the transformer from the supply
and in off load tap changers it is done after disconnecting the transformer. Automatic tap
changers are also available.

2.4.7 Cooling tube

Cooling tubes are used to cool the transformer oil. The transformer oil is circulated
through the cooling tubes. The circulation of the oil may either be natural or forced
circulation. In natural circulation, when the temperature of the oil raises the hot oil
naturally moves to the top and the cold oil moves downwards. Thus, the oil keeps on
circulating through the tubes. In forced circulation, an external pump is used for
circulating the oil.
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 2.4.8 Buchholz relay

It is a protective device container housed over the connecting pipe from main tank to
conservator tank. It is used to sense the faults occurring inside the transformer. It is asimple
relay which is operated by the gases emitted due to the decomposition of transformer oil
during internal faults. It helps in sensing and protecting the transformer from internal faults.
Buchholz relay is a type of protection relay universally used on all oil immersed
transformers having rating more than 500 KVA.

2.4.9 Explosion vent

Explosion vent is used to expel the boiling oil in the transformer during heavy internal
faults in order to avoid the explosion of the transformer. During heavy faults the oil rushes
out of the vent. The level of the explosion vent is normally maintained above the level of
the conservatory tank.

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2.5 Losses in transformer

There are mainly two types of losses in transformer,

1. Core loss or iron loss

2. Copper loss

2.5.1 Core loss or iron loss

Core loss is occurring in the core as core is made of iron so it is also called as ironloss
There are two type of core loss
1. Hysteresis loss

2. Eddy current loss

1 Hysteresis loss

This type of loss occurs due to hysteresis effect. Core of transformer magnetize due to
the alternating current. So, at every cycle energy loss proportional to the area of the
hysteresis loop occurs. This type of loss is proportional to the frequency of the supply.
To reduce hysteresis loss, good magnetic material should be used for core.

2 Eddy current loss

Magnetic field produced in transformer is alternating in nature as the supply isalternating.

Due to this alternating field emf induced and eddy current produced in core. Power loss
occurs in core due to core resistance and eddy current.
To reduce eddy current loss, thin lamination should be used.

2.5.2 Copper loss

Power loss occurring due to the resistance of the winding is called copper loss. Thereare
two winding in transformer primary and secondary so loss is occurs at both ending.
Copper loss is proportional to the square of load current and resistance of winding.
To reduce copper loss resistance of winding should be minimum.

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 Chapter 3 Manufacturing process of transformer
3.1 Product design and planning

As the company made mostly distribution transformer for customer or industry. So as per
requirement of customer or industries company design and plan the product. So, after
discussing design and also a price with customer then finally bill of material are then
issued to various departments to carry out further work as per design.

3.2 Manufacturing process

3.2.1 Core manufacturing

Core is made up of thin laminations sheets. Various types of material used for core
manufacturing. Hard iron, amorphous steel, amorphous metal, silicon steel etc. are used.
The lamination material is made up of CRGO.
The transformer core is closed magnetic circuit built up of thin laminations of electrical
sheet steel. It is intended to concentrate the main magnetic flux linking with the winding
and consists of limbs which carry the windings and yokes which close themagnetic circuit.
The core laminations are insulated from one another by a film of heat-resistant coating or
varnish, or by a combination of both. There may be forms of magnetic circuit: the shell
type and the core type. The core limbs and yokes are built up of separate laminations of
electrical sheet steel 0.35or 0.5 mm think.

They cut required size of laminations by high accuracy shears. Laminations are
stacked in step lap - interleaved fashion to minimize core losses, exciting current and
noise level.

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3.2.2 Windings
Different type of coil winding is used in the transformer. A coil is formed by connecting
serval turns in the series winding is formed by connecting several coils in series.
Annealed/half-hard copper conductors either in the form of a strip or round wires are used
in winding. Dimensions for the winding such as inside diameter and outside diameter of
coil are maintained as per specification mention in design Insulation is provided as
mentioned in the design output. The coil tapping leads and phase leads are taken out
according to the design output. Coils are kept under clamping pressure and sent to oven.

• Types of winding
1. Layer Coil Winding

2. Disc Coil Winding

3. Helical Coil Winding

4. Interleaved coil Winding

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3.2.3 Core assembly
The coils are concentrically assembled on the core limbs as per the design details. The
core and coil assembly are rigidly supported and clamped. L.V. Windings are normally
placed near core over insulating cylinder and oil ducts. HV Windings are assembled co-
axially placed with respect to LV. Spacers between coils are 'T' shaped for added
firmness. Coils are assembled with best insulating materials and are adequately clamped.

3.2.4 Ovening
Hot air drying is carried out to remove moisture from the active parts of the transformers.
For transformers up to 33 kV class drying is carried out in well-ventilated ovens for a
period till insulation resistance builds up to specified value. For larger transformers, above
33 kV class, drying takes place in vacuum drying oven. Thiscycle is repeated till all the
moisture is extracted from the core coil assembly.

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3.2.5 Tank
Active parts (Core-coil assembly) after drying are placed in the tank. The tank is filled
with transformer oil. Oil is provide cooling as transformer is heated during operation and
also provide insulation. Bushings of specified rating are mounted on the top or side as per
design and connected to end terminals. Tap changing switch is provided and connected to
various tapping leads as per design

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 Chapter 4 Testing of Transformer

4.1 Testing of Transformer

For confirming the specifications and performances of an electrical power transformerit

has to go through numbers of testing procedures. Some tests are done at manufacturer
premises before delivering the transformer. In addition to that some transformer tests are
also carried out at the consumer site before commissioning andalso periodically in regular
and emergency basis throughout its service life.

o The various tests performed are

• High Voltage (HV) test

• Double the voltage-double the frequency (DVDF) test

• Short Circuit (SC) test

• Open Circuit (OC) test

• Turns ratio test

• Resistance test

• Megger test.

4.2 Types of transformer test

Tests done at factory:

1. Type tests

2. Routine tests

3. Special tests

Tests done at site:

1. Pre-commissioning tests

2. Periodic/condition monitoring tests

3. Emergency tests

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• Type test
To prove that the transformer meets customer's specifications and design expectations,
the transformer has to go through different testing procedures in manufacturer premises.
Some transformer tests are carried out for confirming the basic design expectation of that
transformer. These tests are done mainly in aprototype unit not in all manufactured units
in a lot. Type test of transformer confirms main and basic design criteria of a production
lot.

• Routine test

A routine test of transformer is mainly for confirming operational performance of

individual unit in a production lot. Routine tests are carried out on every unit
manufactured.
Routine tests of transformer include

1. Transformer winding resistance measurement.

2. Transformer ratio test.
3. Transformer vector group test.
4. Measurement of impedance voltage/short circuit impedance (principal tap) andload
loss (Short circuit test).
5. Measurement of no-load loss and current (Open circuit test)
6. Measurement of insulation resistance. 7. Dielectric tests of transformer.
7. Tests on on-load tap-changer.
8. Oil pressure test on transformer to check against leakages past joints and
gaskets.

• Special test of transformer

Special tests of transformer are done as per customer requirement to obtain information
useful to the user during operation or maintenance of the transformer.

Special Tests of transformer include

1. Dielectric tests.

2. Measurement of zero-sequence impedance of three-phase transformers

3. Short-circuit test.

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4. Measurement of acoustic noise level

5. Measurement of the harmonics of the no-load current

6. Measurement of the power taken by the fans and oils pumps

4.3 Test conducted at company

1. Open Circuit or No-load test on Transformer

2. Short Circuit Test on Transformer

3. Winding Resistance Test

4. Ratio Test

5. Insulation Resistance Test

6. Dielectric Strength of transformer Oil

4.3.1 Open circuit test or No-load test on Transformer

Open circuit test or no-load test on a transformer is performed to determine 'no load loss
(core loss)' and 'no load current '. The circuit diagram for open circuit test is shownin figure
usually high voltage (HV) winding is kept open and the low voltage (LV) winding is
connected to its normal supply. A wattmeter (W), ammeter (A) and voltmeter (V) are
connected to the LV winding.

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• Procedure

➢ Applied voltage of 433V is slowly increased from zero to normal rated value of the
LVside with the help of a variac.
➢ When the applied voltage reaches to the rated value of the LV winding, readings from
all the three instruments are taken.
➢ The ammeter reading gives the no load current IO. As lo itself is very small, the
voltage drops due to this current can be neglected.
➢ The input power is indicated by the wattmeter (W). But, as the other side of
transformer is open circuited, there is no output power. Hence, this input power only
consists of core losses and copper losses.
➢ But as described above, short circuit current is so small that these copper losses can
be neglected. Hence, now the input power is almost equal to the core losses. Thus,
the wattmeter reading gives the core losses of the transformer.

TABULAR COLUMN:

I in Amperes V in Volts Power in Watts

0.666 434.00 83.49

The reading of the wattmeter gives the core loss of the transformer.

4.3.2 Short circuit test on transformer

To find the copper losses of the transformer and hence predetermine the efficiencyand
regulation of the transformer.

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• Procedure

➢ The connection diagram for short circuit test on transformer is shown in the
figure. Avoltmeter, wattmeter, and an ammeter are connected in HV side of the
transformer as shown.
➢ The voltage at rated frequency is applied to that HV side with the help of a
variac of variable ratio auto transformer
➢ The LV side of the transformer is short circuited. Now with the help of variac
appliedvoltage is slowly increased until the ammeter gives reading equal to the
rated current of the HV side.
➢ After reaching at rated current of hv side, all three instruments reading
(voltmeter, Ammeter and Watt meter readings) are recorded.
➢ The ammeter reading given the primary equivalent of full load current. As the
voltage applied for full load current in short circuit test on transformer is quite
small compared to the rated primary voltage of the transformer, the core losses
in transformer can be taken as negligible here.

Let's say, voltmeter reading is Vs. The input power during test is indicated by watt- meter
reading. As the transformer is short circuited, there is no output; hence the input power
here consists of copper losses in transformer. Since, the applied voltageV is short circuit
voltage in the transformer and hence it is quite small compared to rated voltage, so core
loss due to the small applied voltage can be neglected. Hence the wattmeter reading can
be taken as equal to copper losses in transformer.
The reading of wattmeter gives the copper loss of transformer.

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4.3.3 Winding resistance test

Transformer winding resistance measurement is carried out to calculate the I2R losses
and to calculate winding temperature at the end of a temperature rise test. It iscarried out
as a type test as well as routine test. It is also done at site to ensure healthiness of a
transformer that is to check loose connections, broken strands of conductor, high contact
resistance in tap changers, high voltage leads and bushings etc. There are different
methods for measuring of transformer winding, likewise Current voltage method of
measurement of winding resistance.
Bridge method of measurement of winding resistance. Kelvin bridge method of
Measuring Winding Resistance. Measuring winding resistance by Automatic Winding
Resistance Measurement Kit.
So, the conclusion of this test is, from this test the resistance of the windings is found
ensure healthiness of a transformer that is to check loose connections, brokenstrands of
conductor, high contact resistance in tap changers, high voltage leads and bushings.

4.3.4 Ratio test

The performance of a transformer largely depends upon perfection of specific turnsor

voltage ratio of transformer. So, transformer ratio test is an essential type test of
transformer. This test also performed as routine test of transformer. So, for ensuring

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proper performance of electrical power transformer, voltage and turn ratio test of
transformer one of the vital tests.

➢ We just apply three phase 433 V supply to HV winding, with keeping LV winding
open.
➢ Then we measure the induced voltages at HV and LV terminals of transformer to find
out actual voltage ratio of transformer.
➢ We repeat the test for all tap position separately.

Readings of turns on the tapped Transformer

Tapping R Y B
1 45.17 45.190 45.15
2 42.885 43.055 42.970
3 41.755 41.905 41.83
4 40.690 40.640 40.3
5 39.560 39.510 39.420

The turns are checked and if the turns ratio is less the turns are added and if turnsratio
is more the turns are remove to get the proper ratio.

4.3.5 Insulation resistance test

Insulation resistance test of transformer is essential type test. This test is carried out to
ensure the healthiness of overall insulation system of an electrical power transformer.

• Procedure

➢ First disconnect all the line and neutral terminals of the transformer.
➢ Megger leads to be connected to LV and HV bushing studs to measure
insulation resistance IR value in between the LV and HV windings.
➢ Megger leads to be connected to HV bushing studs and transformer tank earth point
to measure insulation resistance IR value in between the HV winding and earth.
➢ Megger leads to be connected to LV bushing studs and transformer tank earth point
to measure insulation resistance IR value in between the LV windings and earth.

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4.3.6 Dielectric strength of transformer oil
To check the dielectric strength of the transformer oil and to measure the break down
voltage Dielectric strength of transformer oil is also known as breakdown voltage of
transformer oil or BDV of transformer oil. Break down voltage is measured by observing
at what voltage, sparking strands between two electrodes immerged in the oil, separated
by specific gap. low value of BDV indicates presence of moisture content and conducting
substances in the oil.
By conducting the BDV test the dielectric strength and breakdown voltage is found and
if less the oil is further filtered to improve the dielectric strength.

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 Conclusion
The training of which manufacturing of transformer company was very help full to me.It
has improved my theoretical concept of transformer.
We also know that a transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one
circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. A
varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the
transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. This
varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF), or "voltage",in the
secondary winding. This effect is called inductive. The training was more than hope to
me and also helps me to understand about manufacturing of transformer more.

SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING 23 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

References:

1. http://www.transformerindia.com

2. http://www.bharatbijlee.com/transformer
s/product-range/unit-auxiliary-
transformers-uat/

3. https://www.electrical4u.com/electrical-engineering-
articles/transformer/

4. http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/electrical-
engineering/mines/transformers- used-in-
mines-with-diagram/87760

5. https://new.abb.com/products/transformers/reac
tors-and-inductors/series- reactors

SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING 24 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY