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ASSOCIATION OF MATHEMATICS TEACHERS OF INDIA

AMTI – NMTC - 2023 Jan. – JUNIOR – FINAL

Instructions:
1. Answer all questions. Each question carries 10 marks.
2. Elegant and innovative solutions will get extra marks.
3. Diagrams and justification should be given wherever necessary.
4. Before answering, fill in the FACE SLIP completely.
5. Your ‘rough work’ should be in the answer sheet itself.
6. The maximum time allowed is THREE hours.

3
1. 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are positive reals and (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 ) = 32 𝑥𝑦𝑧. Find the numerical limits between which the expression
4 4 4
𝑥 + 𝑦 +𝑧
4 lies?
(𝑥+𝑦+𝑧)

4 4 4 4 4 4
𝑥 + 𝑦 +𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Sol. 4 = 4 + 4 + 4
(𝑥+𝑦+𝑧) (𝑥+𝑦+𝑧) (𝑥+𝑦+𝑧) (𝑥+𝑦+𝑧)

( ) +(
4 4
=
𝑥
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧
𝑦
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 ) +( 𝑧
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 )
4

( ) ,(
4 4
Now, apply 𝐴𝑀 ≥ 𝐺𝑀 for numbers
𝑥
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧
𝑦
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧) (
,
𝑧
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧) we get

( ) +(
4 4
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
) ( ) 4

( )
+ 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 3
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 𝑥𝑦𝑧
3
≥ 3
(𝑥+𝑦+𝑧)

3
We know that (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 ) = 32 𝑥𝑦𝑧

4 4

( )+( ( )
4 4 3
𝑥
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧
𝑦
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 ) +( 𝑧
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 ) ≥3
1
32

4
4

( )+( ( )
4 4
) +( )
3
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 1
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧
≥ 3. 32

Or
4

( )+(
4 4
𝑥
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧
𝑦
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 ) +( 𝑧
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 ) ≥
(2)
3
20
3

2. 𝐴1𝐴2𝐴3𝐴4𝐴5𝐴6𝐴7 is a regular heptagon. Prove that

3
𝐴1𝐴4 𝐴1𝐴7+2𝐴1𝐴6
𝐴1𝐴 3
− 𝐴1𝐴5−𝐴1𝐴3
=1
2
Sol. B

𝐴1𝐴2 = 𝐴1𝐴7
𝐴1𝐴3 = 𝐴1𝐴6
𝐴1𝐴4 = 𝐴1𝐴5
Let radius of circumcircle = 𝑅
Centre = 𝑂
𝐴1𝑀 π π 2π
𝑅
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
⇒ 𝐴1𝑀 = 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
ㄥ𝐴𝑖𝑂𝐴2 = 7
π
⇒ 𝐴1𝐴2 = 𝐴1𝐴7 = 2 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛/π 7
………………(1)

4π
ㄥ𝐴1𝑂𝐴3 = 7
2π
𝐴1𝑁 = 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
3π
⇒ 𝐴1𝐴3 = 2𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
= 𝐴1𝐴6 ……………(2)

4π
ㄥ𝐴1𝑂𝐴4 = 7
3π
𝐴1𝑃 = 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
3π
⇒ 𝐴1𝐴4 = 2 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
= 𝐴1𝐴5 ……………(3)
 3
(𝐴1𝐴4) 𝐴1𝐴1+2 𝐴1𝐴6
Now To prove, 3 − 𝐴1𝐴5− 𝐴1𝐴3
=1
(𝐴1𝐴2)
3
(𝐴1𝐴4) 𝐴1𝐴7 +2 𝐴1𝐴6
To prove , 3 =1+ 𝐴1𝐴5− 𝐴1𝐴3
(𝐴1𝐴2)
3
To prove ( ) 𝐴1𝐴4
𝐴1𝐴2
=1+
𝐴1𝐴1+2 𝐴1𝐴3
𝐴1𝐴4− 𝐴1𝐴3
3
To prove ( ) 𝐴1𝐴4
𝐴1𝐴2
=
𝐴1𝐴2+ 𝐴1𝐴3+𝐴1𝐴4
𝐴1𝐴4− 𝐴1𝐴3
3

( )
3π π 2π 3π
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝑠𝑖𝑛
I.e., 7
π = 7
3π
7
2π
7

𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
−𝑠𝑖𝑛 7

π 2π 3π
𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝑠𝑖𝑛
R.H.S = 7
3π
7
2π
7

𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
−𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
3π 2π 3π 2π π π
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 14 𝑐𝑜𝑠 14
= π
14
2π
7
5π = π
14
π
7
π π π
2𝑠𝑖𝑛 14
𝑠𝑖𝑛 14
𝑐𝑜𝑠 14
2𝑠𝑖𝑛 14
𝑠𝑖𝑛 14
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 14
𝑐𝑜𝑠 14

3π 2π π π 3π 4π π π
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 14 𝑐𝑜𝑠 14 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 14 𝑐𝑜𝑠 14
= 14
π
7
π π = 14
π
14
π π
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7

π π π 3π 3π 3π
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 14 𝑐𝑜𝑠 14 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
= 14
π π π = 7
π π
7
π = L.H.S.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7

3. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square whose side is 1 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡. Let n be an arbitrary natural number. A figure is drawn inside the square
consisting of only line segments, having a total length greater than 2𝑛. (This figure can have many pieces of single
line segments intersecting or non-intersecting). Prove that for some straight-line 𝐿 which is parallel to a side of the
square must cross the figure at least (𝑛 + 1) times.

Sol. Ambiguity in Question.

4. 𝑚 is a natural number. If (2𝑚 + 1) and (3𝑚 + 1) are perfect squares, then prove that 𝑚 is divisible by 40.

Sol. As '𝑚' is a natural number, to prove its divisibility by 40 , we prove that '𝑚' is divisible be 8 & 5.
2
Let 2𝑚 + 1 = 𝑘 ……………..(i)
2
3𝑚 + 1 = 𝑙 ……………..(ii)
2
As 2𝑚 + 1 is odd, ∴ 𝑘 is odd and thus 𝑘 is odd.
2 2
So, let 𝑘 = 2𝑛 + 1 ⇒ 𝑘 = 4𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 1……………(iii)
2
⇒2𝑚 + 1 = 4𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 1
2
⇒𝑚 = 2(𝑛 + 𝑛)
⇒ 𝑚 = an even number
If '𝑚' is even, 3𝑚 + 1 is odd.
2
⇒ 𝑙 is odd & thus 𝑙 is odd.
2 2
Let 𝑙 = 2𝑝 + 1 ⇒ 𝑙 = ( 2𝑝 + 1) ……..(iv)
Now, subtracting (ii) & (i),
2 2
𝑚= 𝑙 − 𝑘
2 2
= (2𝑝 + 1) − (2𝑛 + 1) ………(v)
We know that, squares of two odd numbers are always divisible by 8
 ∴ 𝑚 is divisible by 8 ……….(vi)
Also, from (i) & (ii)
2 2
3𝑘 − 2𝑙 = 1……….(vii)
As squares of odd numbers ends with 1, 5 𝑜𝑟 9
2 2
⇒ 3 𝑘 ends with 3, 5 𝑜𝑟 7 & 2𝑙 ends with 2, 0, 8
2 2
∴ 𝑘 ends with 1 & 𝑙 ends with 1
2 2
⇒ 𝑚= 𝑙 − 𝑘 (whose unit digit is zero)
∴𝑚 is divisible by 5 …..(viii)
From (vii) & (viii), 𝑚 is divisible by 40.

5. Given 69 distinct positive integers not exceeding 100, prove that one can choose four of them 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 such that
𝑎 < 𝑏 < 𝑐 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑑. Is this statement true for 68?

Sol. 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑑 ⇒ 𝑐 + 𝑎 = 𝑑 − 𝑏

Let 𝑎𝑖 + 𝑎1 = 𝑓𝑖 𝑖 ∈ {3, 4,....., 69}

& 𝑎𝑖 + 𝑎2 = 𝑔𝑖 𝑖 ∈ {3, 4,....., 69}

Now
𝑎3 + 𝑎1 < 𝑎4 + 𝑎1 < ........... < 𝑎69 + 𝑎1 ≤ 132
And
1 ≤ 𝑎3 − 𝑎2 < 𝑎4 − 𝑎2 < ........... < 𝑎69 − 𝑎2
⇒ 𝑓3 < 𝑓4 < ....... < 𝑓69 ≤ 132
& 1 ≤ 𝑔3 + 𝑔4 <.............. < 𝑔69
Now total counting of 𝑓𝑖 & 𝑔𝑖 are 134 which lies between 1 to 132
Because all 𝑓𝑖'𝑠 are distinct and all 𝑔𝑖'𝑠 are distinct, hence at least one 𝑓𝑖 and 𝑔𝑖 must be same
⇒ 𝑎𝑖 + 𝑎1 = 𝑎𝑗 − 𝑎2
⇒ 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑖 = 𝑎𝑗
⇒ First part is proved
This statement is not true for 68 e.g. let set of 68 numbers is {33, 34,..........., 100}
In this set sum of least 3 number is greater than 100 { 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 33 + 34 + 35 = 102 > 100}

2 2 2 2
6. 𝑚, 𝑛 are integers such that 𝑛 (𝑚 + 1) + 𝑚 (𝑛 + 16) = 448. Find all possible ordered pairs (𝑚, 𝑛).

2 2 2 2 2 2
Sol. 𝑚 𝑛 + 𝑛 + 𝑚 𝑛 + 16 𝑚 = 448
2 2 2 2
⇒ 2 𝑚 𝑛 + 𝑛 + 16 𝑚 = 448
2
2 2 𝑛 2
⇒ 𝑚𝑛 + 2
+ 8 𝑚 = 224
2 1 2
⇒ (𝑚 + 2
)(𝑛 + 8) = 228
2 2
⇒ ( 2𝑚 + 1)(𝑛 + 8) = 456
2 2
⇒ (2 𝑚 + 1)(𝑛 + 8) = 3 × 152 𝑜𝑟 19 × 24
Odd even
2 2 2 2
⇒ 𝑚 = 1, 𝑛 = 144 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 = 9, 𝑛 = 16
⇒ (𝑚, 𝑛) = (1, 12), (1, − 12), (− 1, 12), (− 1, − 12)
(3, 4), (3, − 4), (− 3, 4), (− 3, − 4)
 7. 𝐵𝐷 is the bisector of ㄥ𝐴𝐵𝐶 of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶. The circumcircles of triangle 𝐵𝐶𝐷 and triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐷 cut 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐶 at 𝐸
and 𝐹 respectively. Show that 𝐴𝐸 = 𝐶𝐹.

Sol. Construction: Join 𝐷𝐸 and 𝐷𝐹

Proof : 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝐷𝐹 for circumcircle of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷

{∵ ㄥ𝐴𝐵𝐷 = ㄥ𝐷𝐵𝐹 }
⇒ 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐷𝐹 …………(1)
Similarly 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝐸𝐷 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝐷𝐶
For circumcircle of ∆𝐵𝐷𝐶
⇒ 𝐸𝐷 = 𝐷𝐶 …………….(2)
Now ㄥ𝐸𝐷𝐶 = 180° − ㄥ𝐴𝐵𝐶
Similarly ㄥ𝐴𝐷𝐹 = 180° − ㄥ𝐴𝐵𝐶
⇒ ㄥ𝐸𝐷𝐶 = ㄥ𝐴𝐷𝐹
⇒ ㄥ𝐸𝐷𝐶 − ㄥ𝐸𝐷𝐹 = ㄥ𝐴𝐷𝐹 − ㄥ𝐸𝐷𝐹
⇒ ㄥ𝐹𝐷𝐶 = ㄥ𝐴𝐷𝐸 …………(3)
Using (1),(2) & (3) ∆ 𝐴𝐷𝐸 ≌ ∆ 𝐹𝐷𝐶
⇒ 𝐴𝐸 = 𝐹𝐶 (using 𝐶𝑃𝐶𝑇 )

8. 𝑎 is a two-digit number. 𝑏 is a three-digit number. 𝑎 increased by 𝑏 percent is equal to 𝑏 decreased by 𝑎 percent.

Find all possible ordered pairs (𝑎, 𝑏).

𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
Sol. 𝑎+ 100
=𝑏− 100
𝑎𝑏
⇒ 50
+𝑎−𝑏=0
⇒ 𝑎𝑏 + 50 𝑎 − 50 𝑏 = 0
⇒ (𝑎 − 50) (𝑏 + 50) =− 2500
=− 4 × 625 or
=− 5 × 500 or
=− 10 × 250 or
⇒ (𝑎, 𝑏) = (46, 575) or (45, 450) or (40, 200)