Write the expression/equation for the following.

If you are asked to write the equa-

tion, explain each notation.
1. Work function (Helmholtz free energy) A = U − T S
2. Gibbs free energy G = H − T S
dP ∆H
3. Clapeyron equation =
dT T ∆V
d ln P ∆H
4. Clausius Clapeyron equation =
dT RT 2
dV
5. Coecient of volume expansion = βdT − κdP ;
V
∂V ∂V
V = V (T, P ); dV = dT + dP
  ∂T ∂P
1 ∂V
β=
V ∂T p
 
−1 ∂V
6. Coecient of compressibility (isothermal compressibility) κ =
V ∂P T
 
∂T
7. Joule -Thomson coecient µ =
∂P H
 
∂(G/T ) H
8. Gibbs -Helmhoitz equation =− 2
∂T P T
9. Relationship beween free energy and fugacity for a pure uid
Analogous equation for (i) ideal gas (ii) component i in a solution
dG = RT d (ln f ); dG = RT d (ln P ); dµi = RT d (ln f̄i )

10. Fugacity coecient (i) for pure uid (ii) component i in a solution
f f̄
φ= ; φ̄i = i
P P̄i
11. Activity for (i) pure uid (ii) component i in a solution
f f̄i
a= ; a i =
f0 fi0
12. Relationship beween free energy and activity for a pure uid and the corresponding
equation for solutions
∆G = RT ln a; ∆µi = RT ln ai

13. Partalmolarproperty, Chemical potential

∂M¯ t
∂Gt

Mi = ; µi = Ḡi =
∂ni T,P,nj6=i ∂ni T,P,nj6=i

14. Relationship beween solution property and partal molar property

M t = Σ ni M̄i

15. Lewis-Randall rule f̄i = yi fi ; f̄i = xi fi

1
16. Raoult's law P̄i = xi psi
17. Henry's law P̄i = xi Ki
18. Dalton's law P = ΣP̄i
f̄i
19. Activity coecient f̄i = γi xi fi ; γi =
xi f i
20. Gibbs-Duhem equation (general form) Σni dM̄i = 0
21. Combined statement of rst and second laws dU ≤ T dS − P dV
22. Criteria for phase equilibrium at constant pressure and temperature dGT,P ≤ 0
23. Phase rule F = C − P + 2
24. Duhem's theorem F = 2