GROUP 2

CONTENT
THE TRIAL OF JOAN THE ARC

PALESTINE-ISRAEL CONFLICT

PAKISTAN-INDIA CONFLICT
THE TRIAL OF JOAN THE ARC
 THE TRIAL OF JOAN OF ARC

Joan was the daughter of a tenant farmer at

Domrémy, on the borders of the duchies of Bar and
Lorraine. In her mission of expelling the English and their
Burgundian allies from the Valois kingdom of France,
she felt herself to be guided by the voices of St.
Michael, St. Catherine of Alexandria, and St. Margaret
of Antioch.
 One day, 13-year-old Joan was startled to hear a heavenly voice
speaking to her -- Michael identified himself, and he told Joan not
to be afraid. Michael's first message to Joan was about holiness,
since living a holy life was a vital part of Joan's preparation to fulfill
the mission God had in mind for her

Michael visited Joan on a regular basis, giving her loving yet firm
guidance on how to grow in holiness, much like a caring father
would. God had also appointed two female saints -- Catherine of
Alexandria and Margaret -- to help prepare Joan for her special
mission.
Gradually, Michael told Joan about the incredible mission God
had planned for Joan to do: liberate her country from foreign
invaders by leading thousands of troops into battle -- even
though she had no training as a soldier.

Michael gave Joan several specific prophecies about the

future, predicting battle successes that later happened
exactly as he had said they would, telling her how she would be
wounded in combat but recover, and that French daimy
Charles VII would be crowned the king of France at a certain
time after Joan's successful battles.
 Charles was crowned on July 17, 1429, in the royal palace of
France. Despite fulfilling the prophecy's request, Jean d'Arc
believed she still had work to do until such time as the English
were still in France. However, the newly crowned monarch
chose to talk peace with the Duke of Burgundy. He provided
all of life's comforts to Jean d'Arc in the hopes that she would
just cease battling the English, but that wasn't Jean's style.
She became the next king's nemesis because of this. Despite
the king's declaration that he wanted to make "peace" with
his enemies, his army attacked Paris in September.
Since Jean had joined them, the French troops had never
lost a battle before that one. He persisted in fighting the
English even though her influence had significantly
diminished. Later, in May 1430, Jean was taken prisoner.
Charles and the French never came to her aid. She was left
behind. Months passed there as Jean was subjected to
harassment by her captors. Despite attempts to persuade
her otherwise, she steadfastly stuck to her habit of
dressing in men's clothing.
 She threw herself off the tower out of despair and lived.
nonetheless, was soon sold to the English. after being found
guilty of heresy and witchcraft in the trial of her life. Only
one thing could happen to her, and that was death.

Her gender served as a significant barrier to her defense.

Before the time of Deuteronomy, cross-dressing was
prohibited. She also refused to submit to the authority of
the church, or more precisely, the authority of its men. She
endured being questioned about her faith and the veracity
of her visions, but it all in vain.
Jean was carried to the stake on May 30, 1431. Her body
was burned three times for the following reasons: first,
the Duke was not satisfied with her first cause of death,
smoke inhalation; he therefore ordered that her body be
burned a second time more, to ashes; and lastly, the
Duke believed that her evil heart was not touched by the
flames, to ashes again, which were then thrown into the
River Seine by the English.
1200 BCE: The Israelites, led by Moses, flee Egypt
and enter the Promised Land, which is now Israel
and Palestine.
1000 BCE: The Israelites establish a kingdom under
King David.
586 BCE: The Babylonians conquer Jerusalem and
destroy the First Temple.
539 BCE: The Persians allow the Israelites to return
to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple.
332 BCE: Alexander the Great conquers the region.
63 BCE: The Romans conquer the region.
70 CE: The Romans destroy the Second Temple
and expel the Jews from Jerusalem.
1095-1291 CE: The Crusades, a series of
Christian holy wars to retake the Holy Land from
Muslims
1517 CE: The Ottoman Empire conquers the
region.
1917 CE: The British defeat the Ottoman Empire in
World War I and take control of the region.
 How the Palestine-Israel Conflict Relates to the Bible
The Palestine-Israel conflict is often portrayed in religious
terms, with both sides claiming a biblical right to the land. The
Bible tells the story of the Israelites, who were led by Moses
out of Egypt and into the Promised Land. The Promised Land
is often interpreted as present-day Israel and Palestine. The
Bible also contains stories of conflict between the Israelites
and their neighbors. For example, the Book of Joshua tells the
story of the Israelites conquering the Canaanites, who were
living in the Promised Land at the time.
 In recent years, there has been a growing
movement of Christian Zionists who believe that
the Bible requires them to support Israel.
Christian Zionists believe that the return of the
Jews to the Promised Land is a sign of the end
times and that Israel must be defended from its
enemies.
 Late 19th Century:
Zionist Movement
Emerges: The Zionist
movement, seeking a
homeland for Jews, gains
momentum in Europe,
particularly in response to
rising anti-Semitism
1917
Balfour Declaration: The
British government issues
the Balfour Declaration,
expressing support for the
establishment of a "national
home for the Jewish
people" in Palestine.
 1920s-1930s: 1936-1939:
Arab-Jewish Tensions: Arab Revolt: Widespread
Growing Jewish Arab uprising against
immigration leads to British rule and Jewish
increased tensions immigration, demanding
between Jewish and Arab an end to Jewish
communities in Palestine. migration and land sales
to Jews
 1947: 1948:
UN Partition Plan: The Declaration of the State
United Nations proposes of Israel: David Ben-
a partition plan, Gurion declares the
suggesting the creation establishment of the State
of separate Jewish and of Israel on May 14, 1948,
Arab states in Palestine. following the withdrawal of
British forces.
 1948-1949:
First Arab-Israeli War (War of
Independence): Arab states,
including Egypt, Jordan, Syria,
and Iraq, invade Israel in
response to its declaration.
Armistice agreements were
signed in 1949.
1949:
Palestinian Exodus
(Nakba): Hundreds of
thousands of Palestinians flee
or are expelled from their
homes during the conflict,
becoming refugees.
 1956:
Suez Crisis: Israel, along
with Britain and France,
invades Egypt after the
nationalization of the Suez
Canal. International pressure
forces withdrawals.
1967:
Six-Day War: Israel
defeats Egypt, Jordan, and
Syria in six days, capturing
East Jerusalem, the West
Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai
Peninsula, and Golan
Heights.
 1973: 1978:
Yom Kippur War: Camp David Accords:
Egypt and Syria launch Israel and Egypt, under
a surprise attack on U.S. mediation, negotiate
Israel during Yom peace at Camp David,
Kippur. Conflict ends in leading to the Egypt-
a ceasefire and Israel Peace Treaty in
negotiations. 1979.
 1987-1993: 1993

First Intifada: Oslo Accords: Israel and

the PLO (Palestine
Palestinian uprising Liberation Organization)
against Israeli sign an agreement outlining
occupation, leading to a plan for Palestinian self-
government in parts of the
the Oslo Accords
West Bank and Gaza Strip.
 Second Intifada: renewed violence
and armed conflict between Israelis and
Palestinians, characterized by suicide
bombings and military operations.
 2005 2006
Gaza Disengagement:
Israel unilaterally Hamas Victory:
withdraws from the Gaza Hamas, an Islamist
Strip, dismantling political organization,
settlements and wins Palestinian
evacuating Jewish
residents.
legislative elections
 2008-2009 2014

Gaza War (Operation Gaza War (Operation

Cast Lead): Israel Protective Edge): Israel
launches a military and Hamas engage in
offensive in Gaza in another conflict, resulting
response to rocket in significant casualties
attacks and damage.
Abraham Accords: Israel normalizes
relations with the United Arab Emirates and
Bahrain in a landmark agreement brokered
by the United States.
India and Pakistan have been involved in a number of
wars, conflicts, and military standoffs since the
partition of British India in 1947 and the subsequent
founding of the dominions of India and Pakistan
The war, also called the First Kashmir War.
started in October 1947.
This war began after Pakistan's Operation
Gibraltar, which aimed to smuggle forces into
Jammu and Kashmir to spark an uprising against
Indian sovereignty.
India retaliated by launching a full-scale military
attack on West Pakistan.
Kargil War, conflict in May–July 1999
between Pakistan and India
Kargil, a sector of the disputed Kashmir
region located along the line of control
that demarcates the Pakistan- and India-
administered portions of Kashmir.
Conflict between the two countries arose out on
1947
The India Independence Act provided the diverse
regions of Jammu and Kashmir the opportunity to
choose which country to demand to.
India and Pakistan fought another war over the
East Pakistan in 1971
Simla Agreement was to establish a control line
that would split two administrative regions
Border skirmishes began late 2016 to 2018 killed
thousands of civillians on the LOC
- India's Newly elected Prime Minister invited Pakistani
in order to have a meaningful and peaceful negotiation
with Pakistan
- India and Pakistan agreed to cease-fire along the
borders of Kashmir in May 2018