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Resistivity Log
Resistivity Log
RESISTIVITY LOG
Resistivity Applications
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present.
▪ Determine the quantity of hydrocarbon material
that exists (if porosity is known) through Archie's
equation.
▪ Determine mud resistivity to help define the
invasion profile.
2
Resistance vs. Resistivity
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3
Material Resistivities
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-8
Silver 1.59 x 10
-8
Bismuth - Tin 400 x 10
10
Dielectrics > 10
8
Marble 5 x 10
Quartz 3 x 1014
Petroleum 2 x 1014
4
Measuring Resistivity
V - Voltage (Volts) R - Resistance (Ohms)
I - Current (Amperes) A - Area (Square Meters)
L - Length (Meters) r - Resistivity (Ohms
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Meters)
I
V
Resistivity: r = V/I x k
K : Geometrical factor
5
Resistivity
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Resistivity of the salt water is Resistivity of the Oil is high
low ( highly conductive ) ( Poor conductor )
Resistivity
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Dry, nonmetallic minerals (rock matrix) have a very high resistivity
Resistivity
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The resistivity of a rock will depend on the conductivity of
the fluids saturating the porous volume
Common formation Resistivities
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Formation type Resistivity Range (ohm-m)
Soft Formations - shaley sands 0.2 to 50
Hard Formation - carbonates 100 to 1000
Evaporites - salt and anhydrite > 1000
9
Resistivity Logs
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▪ Induction logs: run in nonconductive or low-conductivity
muds
▪ Laterologs: run in highly conductive muds (salt based)
Resistivity Tool Limitations
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Possible large errors on shallow AIT logs
Rt (ohmm)
100
Recommended AIT AIT
operating Range and/or
HRLA
10
HRLA
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Induction (IES) 1950
Dual Induction (DIT-B)
Dual Laterolog 1960
Spherically Focused Laterolog
Dual Induction (DIT-D) 1970
Dual Induction - Phasor (DIT-E)
Array Induction 1980
AIT-B
Platform Express (AIT-H) 1990
1995
AIT-H Features
Five depth of investigation
10, 20, 30, 60 and 90”
Vertical resolutions
1, 2 and 4ft
Real time borehole corrections
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Built in Rm Sensor
Caliper input from PEX
Real time data quality Monitoring
Invasion Profiling
Model-based Rt and Rxo measurements
SP within the Rm Sensor
Logging speed: 3600ft/hr
AIT-H Specifications
• Name: AIT-H
• Length: 16ft
• Diameter: 3 7/8”
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• Borehole size: 4 3/4” - 20”
• Single Frequency: 26.325 khz
• Compatibility: standalone or Platform
Express
• Bottom only tool
• Max Temp: 257 degF
• Max. pressure: 10,000 psi (15k mod)
• Built - in SP sensor
• Built - in Rm sensor
• Other tools – Xtreme AIT / Slim AIT
Induction Theory
Transmitter creates
Magnetic field
• This creates a ground loop
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• The ground loop current
also creates a magnetic
field
• This field is picked up by
the receiver
AITH Outputs
AHT 20
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AHT20
Tool type:
AITH 20” depth of
investigation
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AHF30, AHF60,
AHF90
Two Foot curves:
AHT10, AHT20, 2’
AHT30, AHT60,
AHT90
One Foot curves:
AHO10, AHO20,
AHO30, AHO60,
AHO90 1’
Rm Calibration
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12 in. min
diam
Plastic tank
Master Calibration
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Winch
12 ft
4 ft
To be performed every 3 months or 20 jobs
Wellsite Calibrations
• Electronics Check
• Check master
calibrations for:
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– expired
– out of tolerance
– missing
Known Response
Permeable Zone
Example: sand
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Impermeable Zone
Example: shale
0.2 m 2000
Laterolog
Principle:
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Measuring the
voltage difference
between two electrodes
is the fundamental idea
behind laterolog devices.
Invasion
Resistivity profile is the radial
distribution of resistivity resulting
from the invasion of fluids having
different conductivity than the
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formation fluids .
Resistivity Profiles
Depth of Investigation:
Logging tools are designed to
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measure resistivity at different
depths radially from the wellbore to
determine the resistivity of the
flushed zone and the virgin zone.
Example Log With Resistivity
001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15 ILDC
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200 0.2 200
10700
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SNC
0.2 200
MLLCF
0.2 200
10800
10900
Resistivity
Log