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BLOOD VESSELS

➢ Types of Blood Vessels

• Arteries – mostly carried oxygenated
blood
- Carry blood away from the heart
- found deeper
- have strong elastic walls
- 2 types: muscular arteries and elastic
arteries
➢ Arterial Pulse
• Capillaries – passageway
• Felt in an artery close to the surface
• Veins – carried deoxygenated blood
of the skin
(CO2)
• All arteries have a pulse
- Carry blood towards the heart
• The common site for checking the
- Found superficial
pulse rate is the radial artery
▪ Venules – the smallest veins and
• The three middle fingers are usually
receive blood from capillaries
used to check the pulse
HISTOLOGY OF ARTERIES • In adults, 70 to 90 beats per minutes;
children, 80 to 140
• Lumen – central canal
• Tachycardia – pulse rate exceeds 100
• Tunica inertia/intima – endothelium;
beats per minutes
simple squamous epithelium + elastic
• Bradycardia – when the rate is below
tissue
60 beats per minute
• Tunica media – thickest arterial wall;
• *venous pulse – occurs only in the
composed mainly of smooth muscle
largest veins
and elastic fibers; vasodilatation
• Tunica external/adventitia – composed
mainly of collagen and elastic fibers
(CT)
• Arterioles – smaller branches of
arteries shortly before reaching the
capillary networks
- control your blood pressure and blood
flow through your body
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CAPILLARIES ➢ Capillary Exchange
• Capillary blood pressure
• Connect the arterial and venous system
o Pressure of blood against the wall of
• Composed of only single layer (tunica
capillaries
intima) of endothelial cells
o Pushes fluid into interstitial fluid
• Smallest and most numerous
• Blood colloid osmotic pressure
• Exchange of vessels
o Pushes fluid into the capillaries
• Capillary blood pressure is greater than
blood osmotic pressure
• Movement of water and fluid flows out of
the capillary into the interstitial fluid =
filtration
• Movement of water and fluid from
interstitial fluid to the capillary=
reabsorption
• About 85% of the filtered fluid is
reabsorbed

✓ Arterioles and Venules

• Walls are thinner in the capillary and
thicker as they become closer to the
• Blood flows slowly compared larger heart
vessels
VEINS
• Blood travels at the capillaries at 2.3
cm/sec; and only remain in the capillaries • Carry deoxygenated blood from body
for only a second or two tissues to the heart, except for:
• 2 pressures involve: hydrostatic and o 4 pulmonary veins – from lungs to the
osmotic pressure; bulk flow heart
• Thinnest
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o Hepatic portal system of veins – from
the intestines to the liver
o Hypothalamic-hypophyseal system

HISTOLOGY OF VEINS

• Tunica intima and tunica media are

thinner than capillaries
• Tunica externa of veins is thicker
• Very distensible and compressible
• Contain semilunar bicuspid valves

✓ Varicose Veins
o In people with weak venous valves,
ARTERIES VS. VEINS
gravity forces blood backward
towards the valve
o The increase of venous blood pressure
then pushes the vein’s wall outward
o After repeated overloading, the walls
lose their elasticity and becomes
stretched and flabby
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TYPES OF CIRCULATION • Coronary Circulation – blood
• Systemic circulation – movement of circulation to the heart muscles
the blood all over the body - Through coronary vessels
- Carries oxygenated blood away from *Arterial Supply
the heart to the body, and returns
- 2 Coronary arteries: Right Coronary artery
deoxygenated blood back to the heart
and Left Coronary artery -- both arteries
• Special circulation – there’s a specific
from the root of ascending aorta
location for the movement of the
blood
- E.g. Pulmonary circulation, Cardiac
circulation, Hepatic portal circulation
and Fetal circulation
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