BRICK BONDING

Other Macmillan titles of related interest

Brickwork 1 and Associated Studies, Harold Bailey and David Hancock
Brickwork 2 and Associated Studies, Harold Bailey and David Hancock
Brickwork 3 and Associated Studies, Harold Bailey and David Hancock
The Skills of Plastering, Mel Baker
 BRICK BONDING
The Rules of Bonding and
100 + Advanced Craft Questions with Answers

David Hancock
Senior Lecturer
Stockport College of Technology

M
MACMILLAN
EDUCATION
© D. W. Hancock 1990

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission

of this pUblication may be made without written permission.

No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied

or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance
with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited
copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4
Alfred Place, London WC1 E 7DP.

Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to

this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and
civil claims for damages.

First published 1990

Published by
MACMILLAN EDUCATION LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 2XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Hancock, David W.
Brick bonding.
1. Brickwork. Bonding - Questions and answers
I. Title
693'.21

ISBN 978-0-333-52167-0 ISBN 978-1-349-11431-3 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-11431-3
 CONTENTS

Foreword vi English Bond 8

The Use of Squint Bricks 19
Acknowledgements vii Flemish Bond 20
Single Flemish Bond 27
How to Use This Book viii Brickwork Curved on Plan 28
Other Bonds 29
1 Rules of Bonding 1
Brick Bonding 1 2 Questions 33
Reasons for Bonding 2
Stretcher Bond 4 3 Answers 131
Brickwork at Door and Window Frames 5
 FOREWORD
Perhaps the weakest subject in the syllabus among
apprentice bricklayers is that of brick bonding. If the
basics are not firmly grasped in the first two years -
and they very rarely are - the final year can prove
very difficult for many students.
"I can't understand bonding" is a regular complaint
every year from bright young lads who are able to
assimilate most other subjects. And when faced in the
final exam with two plan courses to complete in
English or Flemish bond - as they invariably are -
many students suffer a complete mental blockage and
go straight on to the next question. If this ever-present
question in the advanced paper were better answered, .
many more candidates would pass. Every year numer-
ous papers are sent in for marking without any
attempt having been made at this question, and
perhaps 50 per cent of those who have at least tried,
vi
achieve less than half marks.
In writing this text the author sets out to prove
that brick bonding is not some kind of remote foreign
language to be avoided at all costs, but a set of
straightforward rules that can, with practice, be
mastered. While most of the problems contained are
intended for final year students, first and second year
apprentices must surely benefit from the information
contained in the first part of the book. In their final
year, students should tackle the problems at the rate
of say three a week, not necessarily in the order given,
but to coincide with the work they are doing at their
respective colleges.
I realise this means giving up a little over an hour
per week, but your chances of obtaining an Advanced
Craft Certificate will be much brighter.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author and publisher thank the City and Guilds
of London for permission to reproduce extracts from
the Guild's past question papers for Subject 588 (Brick-
work and Masonry). The source of such material is
quoted on the relevant pages.
No responsibility for accuracy or acceptability
should be attributed to the City and Guilds of London
for any worked examples of their material published
in this text.

vii
 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
The examples contained in this book are all drawn to
a scale of 1: 10 and marked out in quarter-brick
spacings, exactly the same as the questions in exam
papers. The problems are fairly simple to begin with,
getting progressively harder, but as each one is com-
pleted the principles should be assimilated since these
will need to be recalled again and again.
The student is well advised to read and understand
the information provided at the front of the book
before setting about the problems, which should then
be answered in the following way:
1. Do not attempt to bond the first complete course
before starting on the second. This is the hard way
viii
to answer this type of question.
2. Chase the bond through the face to check if the
wall works to brick length in the bond stated.
3. Bond the easy parts of course 1, then the easy
parts of course 2. The rest of the bonding often
falls into place.
4. Check for units of bond, straight joints etc.
5. Compare your answer with the given answer (scale
1 :20) in the back of the book.
Note: It should be understood that there is often
more than one correct answer to a bonding problem.
 1
RULES OF BONDING

BRICK BONDING

Figure 1 shows an isometric drawing of a frogged

brick, each part being indicated.

~--arris

header face

arris (edge)

Figure 1

From this basic unit, any of the bats shown in figure

2 can be cut by hand, and in the bonding examples
and problems to follow, at least one of these bats will
usually be required.

........ /'
.J.-.
half bat queen closer

1
2 Brick Bonding
bevelled closer
king closer
quarter bat
Figure 2
Reasons for Bonding
Bricks are laid to a pre-arranged pattern not only for
aesthetic reasons, but also, and much more import-
antly, to increase the strength and stability of the
walling.
Not only is stack bond (figure 3) very difficult to
build, compared, for example, with stretcher bond
(figure 5), but on completion three problems (all
shown in figure 4) are to be expected:
three quarter bat
'--J.-./
large bevelled bat
small bevelled bat
1. Where a beam or other heavy load is superimposed,
vertical downward movement is likely to occur.
2. Lateral pressure could cause the brickwork to lean
outwards.
3. Thermal or moisture expansion and contraction
may cause vertical cracking along the continuous
vertical joints.
Figure 5 shows a short length of wall built in
stretcher bond. None of the aforementioned problems
could occur in this situation.
 Rules of Bonding 3

Figure 3 Stack bond - continuous vertical joints

vertical cracking
due to thermal and
moisture expansion
and contraction

Figure 4 Settlement due to

imposed loading
leani ng due to
lateral pressure

settlement due to
imposed loading

Figure 5 Stretcher bond - imposed and lateral pres-

sures are 'spread' over the length of the wall. Vertical
cracking is eliminated
 4 Brick Bonding

STRETCHER BOND

Stretcher bond is used mainly for the external leaf of
cavity walls, and for the construction of half-brick
thick walls. It is occasionally used where a wall is one
brick thick, but more often than not some other
bond is preferred in this situation as there are no
headers in stretcher bond. Stretcher bond, known also
as half bond, consists entirely of stretchers, except at
quoins and stopped ends where the header face is to
be seen on alternate courses, and where broken bond
occurs (see below).
Where a short length of wall does not work to
brick length, bats must be inserted, usually at, or as
near as possible to the centre of the length of walling.
Figure 6 shows all possible situations from a complete
number of bricks, which is always desirable, to the
most awkward length in which three bricks may need
to be cut in order to comply with the rules, that is:
1. Nothing less than a half bat may be used.
2. At least quarter bond must be kept.

(a) Walla bricks long

The perfect situation, no

I:: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ::: 1 waste in time or materials

(b) Wall a1 bricks long

1 : : :
iT'1 : : :
.irfi
314 112 718
]
I
: 1
2/3 cuts on every course, On a
longer length the cross joints
would be opened slightly so that
it would work to brick length

(c) Wall a1 bricks long

I : : : : : 1..
I"
:::t :: : :
l'"!
:I
Use of reverse bond would help
here, improving this to only one cut per
course (figures 14 and 39)

(d) Wall at bricks long

:: :: :: I
Awkward again, but by using

I : : : : : :~:r ~:i: reverse bond and opening the

cross jOints (longer lengths)
brick length is possible

(e) Wall a! bricks long

I : : :: :=::t ~:
Reverse bond would make
:: :: :: :I this length 'work bricks'

I:: : ::~H: :: :
(f) Wall ai bricks long
By using reverse bond and

:I closing the cross joints (longer

lengths), brick length is possible
 Rules of Bonding 5

I: : :: :: :~t: ::::::I
(g) Wall 8~ bricks long
Fairly straightforward, no
improvement could be made
on this

(h) Wall 8! bricks long

I : : :: ::: : : t:: : : : : : : I
Tighten the cross joints a
little and on longer lengths
this would make 'work bricks'

Figure 6

Brickwork at Door and Window Frames

Rules 1 and 2 must be kept to, no matter how

awkward the situation.

1. The perfect situation - the wall works to brick 1

length and half bond can be kept. 2

frame s
1
2
s

2. Where the gap between stretcher and frame is

1% bricks long, the bond must be as shown. That 1
2
is, the smallest permissible bat is a half bat.
J
4
1
2
J
4
6 Brick Bonding

3. Perhaps the most awkward situation - where the

gap between stretcher and frame is a little over one 1
brick in length - two bats will be necessary on 2
each course in order to keep to the rules. On long a4
lengths, the joints would be eased to make this
work to brick length.
1
2
a4

H bricks
1-- ~I

4. This shows how NOT to do the job! A quarter bat

should NEVER be used adjacent to a door or
window frame on face work.

Figure 7

Attached Piers

(a) At the ends of walls (b) In the length of walls

Method 1. No straight joints, but Method 1. Of better appearance, but

....----.,
time-consuming not as strong as method 2

_--L-_-'--_-III Ift>- Lque!n closer

plan course 2 plan course 2

plan course 1

be;
plan course 1
2 straight joint
Method, (poor method) Method 2

I I' plan course 2

I I ---'---1.----11 II~~ 1
plan course 2

plan course 1 Figure 8 plan course 1 Figure 9

 Rules of Bonding 7

Intersecting Walls

I--

I--

a4 a4
I
plan course 2
plan course 2
I--

f--

plan course 1
plan course 1

Figure 10 Figure 11

Detached Piers

1 brick 1 bricks 2 bricks

B
course 2 ~ ~ f--

rn
course 2
course 2

EEQ
I
course 1

course 1 I
course 1

Figure 12
8 Brick Bonding

ENGLISH BOND

This consists of alternate courses of headers and
stretchers. A closer is placed next to the quoin header
in order to form the quarter lap. English bond is very
strong because of the lack of internal straight joints,
but its appearance is considered monotonous.
Where the wall changes direction, the face bond
changes - that is, stretchers, headers, stretchers,
headers (figure 16). One exception to the rule, how-
ever, is shown in figure 26.

front elevation

plan course 2

plan course 1
Figure 73

Quarter Bond Reverse Bond

In English bond, the bricks are always laid quarter If one end of a course of bricks starts with a header
lap - the headers in one course are always kept and the other with a stretcher, this is known as reverse
directly over the centre of the stretcher below. (One bond. Reverse bond has its advantages but is not
of the most common mistakes among apprentice normally used on first class brickwork.
bricklayers is to encroach forward on the header
course, often through using too large a closer next to
the quoin header.)

s
II
H

Figure 74
 Rules of Bonding 9

Broken Bond

Where a wall does not work to brick length, bats are

built in, usually as near the centre as possible. Nothing
less than a half bat must be used in this situation.

Example 1: The header course is simple to complete,

but students often put two three-
quarters in the stretcher course, causing
a straight joint.

elevation - wall 6! bricks long

Example 2: The solution here is fairly obvious - the

only possible alternative being to use
reverse bond.

elevation - wall 6 ~ bricks long

Example 3: Though this looks a little complicated,

it is identical to stretcher bond - that is,
a header-three-quarter in each course.

elevation - wall 6i bricks long

Figure 15

The two plan courses below show all three of these

examples in a short Iength of wall with two returns
(figure 16).

:I
4
H
~

4:I I
4:I

plan course 2

J:!
(,)
H ·c
-0
i
J:!
(,)
T
·c
-0 i i
plan course 1
MI ...
C\I

8i bricks
I'" ~I
Figure 16
10 Brick Bonding

Sectional Bond Thicker Walls

If sectional bond is not kept, internal straight joints
will occur. It must be remembered that the joint
between headers passes straight through the wall
unless stopped by the CENTRE of a stretcher (see
figures 17 to 20).
Where a wall is an even number of bricks thick, each
course will show similar faces on each side - that is,
both headers or both stretchers. Consider the one
brick walls we have seen so far. Since this is two half-
bricks thick (an even number), each course showed
headers (or stretchers) on both sides. A 1 Y:! brick
thick wall, however, is three half-bricks thick, and
therefore each course will show headers one side and
stretchers on the other. Do not forget this important
rule.

sectional bond - the joints

between alternate headers
pass straight through
I
Correct I Incorrect
I
I
I no sectional bond
1! brick thick wall I

I I I I I
II II II II II I I
IIIIIIIIII
plan course 2 I plan course 2
I

ttJ I1I1I1
I

II I III II I II I II I II
(this is called a unit of bond) Figure 77 (no units of bond) Figure 78

plan course 1 plan course 1

2 brick thick wall

plan course 2 plan course 2

no sectional bond

\ L I I I I I
\V
J1\
/ \ I I I I I
(Untt of bond) (no units formed)
Figure 79 Figure 20
plan course 1 plan course 1
 Rules of Bonding 11

Detached Piers

Figure 21 a shows the correct bonding of 1Yz brick ful on materials, the bond shown in figure 21 b is
piers, but because this is time-consuming and waste- more commonly used in practice. Figure 21 c shows
the bonding of a 2 brick pier.

plan course 2 plan course 2

plan course 2

~ a4
~
a4
a4 a4

plan course 1
plan course 1
plan course 1
(a) (b) (c) Figure 27
Tee JunctIons

Where a wall abuts a main wall, alternate courses

must tie in. Whenever possible, it is the header course
that ties into the stretcher course (exception - certain
attached piers).

Example 2: Walls both one brick thick Example 1: Walls 1~ and 1 brick thick

plan course 2
plan course 2

plan course 1
Figure 22 Figure 23
plan course 1
12 Brick Bonding

Example 3: Walls 2 and 1~ bricks thick Example 4: Walls both 1~ bricks thick

r I I I It
I
~ I~
~ I
~ I
I

--~,.r-L...
-'--I\v-L...

plan course 2 plan course 2

) l
J( l ~
I
I
I a4
~
I
a4 ~ I

I I

- L.......I\,. '--- --"v'--

plan course 1 plan course 1

Figure 24 Figure 25

Attached Piers

As always with English Bond, alternate courses always plan courses shown in figure 26 are the exceptions to
tie in. The first two attached piers on the alternate the 'change of direction' rule. The second two attached
piers conform to the rule.

plan course 2

plan course 1 Figure 26

Thus we can say - where the attached pier projects a
half brick or less, the 'change of direction - change
of bond' rule does not apply.
 Rules of Bonding 13

Figure 27 shows the bonding of 1Y2 and 2 brick

attached piers, built along the length of a wall.

plan course 2

I II I I I II II I II I I I I I I I I I II I
13/4 3141 1 1 1

plan course 1
Figure 27

Tying into Piers Figure 28(b) shows one method of tying a one brick
wall into a 1-1 Y2 brick pier. It is not strictly correct
Figure 28(a) shows alternate plan courses of a one but the alternatives require twice the number of cut
brick wall tied into a two brick pier. bricks.

lJatlllll ~
plan course 2 plan course 2

plan course 1 plan course 1

(a) (b) Figure 28

Further details of attached piers are shown in figure 29.

EI liiiJ~ I Ilill I J ElIIIII I r- , .j:>.
plan course 2 plan course 2 plan course 2
OJ
~.
~
OJ
plan course 2 g
1IIIgIIII IIIIXI ~ITl IT)~III' ~
~.

plan course 1 plan course 1 plan course 1

I-nl WI I I I II rl' , 11'11 r 'l plan course 1

plan course 2 plan course 2
q plan course 2

IIIIIIIJJ-'
I I I
I ~ I
I I I IL!-:!J I I I I , ""'1' ITl
plan course 1 plan cou rse 1 plan course 1
F I I I ~
plan course 2
11- 8 II I I I (FF-uJ 9 II 11
plan course 2 plan course 2 plan course 2 [111111 111
II II
rrr-j plan course 1
IlrIMIII' IIIIII
I~ I I I
I IIIII IIII I~ I
plan course 1 plan course 1 plan course 1
Figure 29
 Rules of Bonding 15

Return Quoins and Stopped Ends

Remember this particularly, many marks are

lost by showing stretcher/header on a 1~ brick
thick wall in English bond
1. 1~ brick walls

~ I~

tie brick
X f--tie brick

Figure 30
plan course 1 plan course 2

2. 2 brick walls

~tie brick ~tiebrick

><

Figure 31
plan course 1 plan course 2

3. Walls of unequal thickness

~I~

~tie brick ~tiebrick

~
Figure 32
plan course 1 plan course 2
 16 Brick Bonding

Quarter and Half Brick Recessed Reveals

1. One brick thick wall

king closer~ ~evelled closers

small bevelled bat ~ I I I I I I I I Iill- half bat

plan course 2

three quarter bat I~ ~31---I--- this half bat always adjacent

rlL...---f---i---\--+--'--r--'!"""-' to the quoi n stretcher

plan course 1

2. H brick thick wall

plan course 2

1171111111111
plan course 1

3. Two brick thick wall

queen closer

r\ \n
plan course 2

~
4 ~
I---

r--
I I I
Figure 33
plan course 1
 Intersecting walls

----
~
.. ..
plan course 2
plan course 2 plan course 2

IV-

~
I
~
I

~
t:
ib"
-......., I/'- '"c
....,
. g
plan course 1 ~
IC:I
plan course 1 plan course 1
.......

1 brick thick 1~ bricks thick 2 bricks thick Figure 34

 18 Brick Bonding

Plinth Courses

Where plinth courses are to be incorporated - usually
at the base of a building, adding to the appearance of
stability - it is important that the bond above the
plinths is correct. Therefore, this type of problem
should be worked from the top, downwards.
1. Bond the work above the plinth courses.
2. Bond the plinths and the work below towards the
quoin.
3. Any broken bond is placed as close to the quoin as
possible.

1. One course of plinth bricks 2. Two courses of plinth bricks

3. Three courses of plinth bricks

plinth header plinth stretcher

plinth external return plinth internal return

~: The lines between the plinth bricks are drawn with the aid of a 60° set square

Figure 35
 Rules of Bonding 19

The Use of Squint Bricks

Squint bricks are commonly used to form an obtuse When squint bricks are used in English bond, the
angle in brickwork. These are much costlier than header face is always followed by a quarter bat (not a
ordinary bricks and, for this reason, inferior methods queen closer) and the stretcher face is always followed
of forming a squint quoin are sometimes used. by a stretcher.
A squint brick has three faces, one is a three-
quarter brick in length, this is the stretcher face. The
second is a quarter brick in length which is the header
face, and the 'end' of the squint brick which is one English Bond
half brick long (see figure 36).

/ as the tacej
these are never used

A one-brick-thick wall

.::s:.
()
·c
.0
~IN

I"
~ brick (stretcher face)

Figure 36 A 1~ brick-thick wall

Setting out an angle of 135 0 /45 0 In each case, note the

The squint brick is not sufficiently accurate in itself, use of quarter bats
simply to follow the angle the header face makes with
Figure 37
the stretcher face. Setting out should be done as c
follows:
1. Draw the setting out line past the actual corner by
any known dimension, the larger the better - say
300 mm (AB).
2. Square back from point B the same length -
300 mm - to point C.
3. A line drawn from A-C will produce the required
angle (135 deg/45 deg).
E
E
o
o
M

settin out line

300 mm
20 Brick Bonding

FLEMISH BOND

This consists of alternate headers and stretchers in quarter lap. Flemish bond is not as strong as English
each course. The headers in one course are placed because of the internal straight joints, but it has a
centrally over the stretcher in the course below. A more pleasing appearance.
closer is placed next to the quoin header to form the

Elevation

plan course 2

plan course 1

(internal straight joints shown thicker)

Figure 38
 Rules of Bonding 21

Where a wall does not work to brick length, the
broken bond is normally placed as near the centre as
possible, although reverse bond and the use of three
quarter bats at the quoins may be permissible.
The usual rules for bonding are as follows:
1. Quarter bond must be kept throughout.
2. No quarter bats allowed except adjacent to the
quoin header.
3. Set out the bor,d from each end towards the
centre. (Do not use reverse bond.)
4. If broken bond occurs, try bonding straight
through from one end. The result may be more
acceptable. (See figures 39 and 40.)
5. Header follows stretcher, and vice versa, wherever
possible, but -
(a) two stretchers may be adjacent where neces-
sary;
(b) three headers may be adjacent where neces-
sary.

Use of Reverse Bond

H
H

Figure 39

Use of Three Quarter Bats at the Quoin

a4

a4

Figure 40
22 Brick Bonding

Examples of Broken Bond

1. Wall 4 bricks long (no broken bond)

alternative

none necessary

2. Wa1l4! bricks long

3. Wa1l4~ bricks long

4. Wa1l4~ bricks long reverse bond

5. Wall 5 bricks long

Figure 47
 Rules of Bonding 23

Detached Piers

1~ bricks thick 2 bricks thick 2! bricks thick Tying in to walls/piers

~
a
4 4

a a 4 4
plan course 2
plan course 2
plan course 2
plan course 2

plan course 1
plan course 1
plan course 1 plan course 1
Figure 42
NQm.: Stretchers usually tie in,
Return quoins and stopped ends the header abuts the wall or pier

Figure 43

I
I
I
I - - -
1. A one brick wall

I ---L
I 2. A 1~ brick wall

Note the use of 3/4 bats

I at the quoin and at the
stopped end
-r-
a4
U. f-- f-- - I--
r--

a4
Figure 44
3. A 2 brick wall

Opposite stopped ends shown In each drawing, alternate courses therefore not necessary
 24 Brick Bonding

Recessed Reveals

1. Two brick thick wall

three - quarter bat

king closer -+-+--- queen closer
small bevelled bat large bevelled bat
half bat
plan course 2

-,
!-- I- -
I I
plan course 1

2. H brick thick wall

plan course 2

plan course 1

3. One brick thick wall

~ I I I I 17~
plan course 2
other bonding methods possible

Figure 45
plan course 1
 Intersecting walls

-.--

-- r--:--
'IIi ::-- ~- ~
~~ - -
T r
--
0...-
-

h--
plan course 2 plan course 2

plan course 2

I I
--
r-- .I- I -
11 I I
:::tI
s:::
I ~
o'"
~

plan course 1 g
J ~
IC:l

plan course 1 I',J

plan course 1 Vl

1 brick thick 2 bricks thick Figure 46

1~ bricks thick
26 Brick Bonding

Squint Quoins

As with squint quoins in

English bond, the
header face is always
One-brick thick wall
followed by a quarter bat,
not a queen closer

Figure 47
1~ brick-thick wall

Plinth Courses

1. One course of plinths

2. Two courses of plinths

In each case, notice how the bond

works correctly above the plinth
courses. The perpends are plumbed
downwards at the toothed ends of the
walling, and any broken bond occurs
at, or close to the quoin

3. Three courses of plinths

Figure 48

Single Flemish Bond
This bond is so named because it shows Flemish on
face only. Though it is rarely used nowadays, ad·
vanced craft students should have a basic knowledge
of it. Single Flemish is used for walls 1 Y2 bricks and
over in thickness, the idea being to combine the
attractive appearance of Flemish on the face with the
strength of English on the back, though whether the
latter objective is achieved is highly debatable.
plan course 2
plan course 1
Rules of Bonding 27
Figure 49 shows consecutive plan courses of a 1 Y2
brick thick return quoin along with two stopped ends.
As can be seen, where complete headers occur on the
back, snapped headers are used on the face, saving on
the number of facings required.
Do not be confused or put off by the unfamiliar
pattern - the bond is quite simple and straightforward
to follow.
Figure 49
28 Brick Bonding

BRICKWORK CURVED ON PLAN

Unless special bricks (radials) are available, the use of
stretcher and English bond is quite out of the
question because of the size of the cross joints on
face. Flemish is possible where the radius is in excess
of 3 m, but header bond is to be preferred (see figure
50a). Even this becomes unsightly if the radius is
much less than 2 m, again because of the wide cross
joints on the face of the wall.
Therefore, where the radius is less than 2 m, snap-
ped headers must be used, usually in the manner
shown in figure SOb.

2 m radius

very tight joints at the back

(a)
wide joints on face

stretchers cut to fit between headers

1 m radius

t
(b)

every third header ties through

(c)
radial header radial stretcher

Figure 50
 Rules of Bonding 29

OTHER BONDS

Apart from stretcher, English and Flemish, the four

bonds shown below are commonly used.

1. English garden wall bond

This consists usually of three courses of stretchers to

one of headers. As with English, quarter bond is
achieved by placing a closer next to the quoin header.
Occasionally, five or even seven courses of stretchers
are seen. See figure 51.

Figure 51

2. Flemish garden wall bond

Here, there are three stretchers to one header in each It must be understood that the two methods are
course, the header occurring directly above the centre shown in the same drawing for example only.
stretcher. The quoin may be built in different ways,
two of which are shown in figure 52.

Figure 52

method 1: method 2:
commencing with commencing with
two stretchers three stretchers
30 Brick Bonding

3. English cross bond

Similar to English bond, but on every other course of

stretchers there is a header next to the quoin stretcher.
See figure 53.

Figure 53

4. Dutch bond

Alternate courses of stretchers and headers (NO

CLOSER). Quarter bond is obtained by commencing
the stretcher course with a three quarter. There is a
header next to the quoin three quarter on every other
stretcher course. See figure 54.

J
4

J
4
Figure 54
J
4

J
4

Note: Although very rarely asked for in exam ques-

tions, the student would be well advised to familiarise
himself with the above bonds.

The following bonds are shown for reference only.
7. Monk bond
This is a complicated bond, considered beyofld the
scope of the advanced craft bricklayer student,
mainly because there are so many variations. Two of
Course 11 is identical to course 1.
From here the bond is repetitive
11
1 1
Traditional monk bond
2. Rat-trap or Rolok bond
The face pattern of this bond is basically Flemish but
bricks-on-edge are used, leaving a void between the
stretchers in each course. This saves on the number of
bricks required, while still producing a one-brick
thick wall.
plan course 1 showing voids
Rules of Bonding 31
these are illustrated, the first showing lines of raking
headers and stretchers, and the second (described as
monk chevron bond) showing a different effect.
The basis of the bond is two stretchers to one
header in each course. The headers shown hatched are
simply to emphasise the pattern of the bond and do
not imply that contrasting bricks are necessarily used
in these positions.
Course 7 is identical to course 1, etc
Monk chevron bond
3. Silverlock's bond
This consists of alternate courses of headers and
stretchers, but the stretchers courses comprise bricks-
on-edge, similar in principle to rat-trap bond.
32 Brick Bonding

4. Quetta bond

The bond is Flemish in face appearance but no 'units

of bond' are formed as is the case in true Flemish.
The voids which occur vertically above each other in
every course make this ideal for vertical reinforcing,
the voids being filled with fine concrete.

ertical
reinforcement

fine concrete
intill

HINTS ON ANSWERING A BONDING PROBLEM

To stress its importance, we repeat here the best
method of answering a bonding problem:
1. Do not attempt to bond the first complete course
before starting on the second. This is the hard way
to answer this type of question.
2. Chase the bond through the face to check if the
wall works to brick length in the bond stated.
3. Bond the easy parts of course 1, then the easy
parts of course 2. The rest of the bonding often
falls into place.
4. Check for units of bond, straight joints etc.
5. Compare your answer with the given answer in the
back of the book.
Note: It should be understood that there is often
more than one correct answer to a bonding problem.
 2
QUESTIONS
(Scale of drawings 1 :10)

0
z
0
CO
C\I ..-
I Q) Q)
(f) (J) (J)
::J L.
:::J
L.
:::J
(9 0 0
Z u u
W c c
ru ru
c.. c..

....

33
34 Brick Bonding

0
z
0
CD ..-
C\I
I
en
Q)
Q)
:::::; .....
(/) .....
(/)

::J ::J
C) 0 0
0
Z 0
c
W c <tS
<tS
a. a.

N
 Questions 35

~L I ..

0
Z
0 N T"""
CO Q) Q)
I en
L-
en
L-
CJ) :::J :::J
0 0
:2 U U
W c C
-I CU CU
u.. 0- a.

0
Z
0 N T"""
CO Q) Q)
I en
L-
en
L-
CJ) :::J :::J
::J 0 0
U U
CJ c c
Z CU CU
W 0- a.
36 Brick Bonding

Cl
Z
0
OJ
I
en
-1 C\J T"""

<.!J (]) (])

Z ~ ....
(/)

W ::::J :J
0 0
0 0
c c
ct1 ct1
C5.. 0.
 Questions 37

6 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1

7 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
Note: do not use reverse bond
38 Brick Bonding

0
z C\J ..-
0 Q)
CD (f)
Q)
(f)
::r: L. L.

en :::J
0
u
:::J
0
=:i u
(9 c c
(lj (lj
Z
w a. a.

0
z C\J ..-
0 Q) Q)
CD (f) (f)
L.
::r:
L.
:::J :::J
en 0
u
0
u
:2 c c
W (lj (lj
....J
LL
a. a.

00
 Questions 39

10 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1

11 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1

Note: do not use reverse bond

 40 Brick Bonding

12 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 41

Q
Z
0 C\I or-
CO Q) Q)
(J) (J)
I
en "-
:J
0
"-
:J
0
::J 0 0
Cl c: c:
Z «S «S
W 0.. 0..
42 Brick Bonding

C\I ,...
(]) (])
CJ'J
L...
CJ'J
L...
::J ::J
0 0
0 0
c: c:
cu cu
0.. 0..

o
z
o
a:l
:r:
en
:J
CD
Z
W
 Questions 43

15 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
44 Brick Bonding

C\I T"-

eD eD
C/)
~ ~
:J :J
0 0
0 0
c: c:
tU tU
0.. 0..

o
z
oOJ
:c
en
:::J
(!J
z
w

....
10
 Questions 45

C\J ,...
Q) Q)
(/)
~ ~
:J :J
0 0
u u
c: c:
ca ca
a. a.

"0
c:
0
..c
Q)
(/)
Cl ~

Z Q)
0 >
CD ~
:c Q)

-
(/)
en :J
::?! 0
W c:
-.J 0
U.

-
"0
Q)
0
Z

....r--
 46 Brick Bonding

C\I ..-
a Q) Q)
z ....
(/)
....
(/)

aOJ ::l
0
::l
0
u u
I c: c:
en a:s a:s
::J c.. c..
CJ
z
w
~

C\I
..-
Q)
<D
....
(/) ....
(/)

::l
::l
0 0
0 u
c: c:
Cd a:s
C. Co

a
z
aOJ
I
en
~
w
.....J
u...

....00
 Questions 47

0
Z
0 C\I r-
eo Q)
(/)
Q)
(/)
I '- '-
::J ::J
C/) 0 0
0 0
~ c
W c
.....J tU tU
u. 0.. 0..
.-
N

0
Z
0 C\I r-
eo Q) Q)
(/) (/)
I '- '-
C/) ::J ::J
0 0
::J 0 0
(!) c c
Z tU tU
W C- o..
0
N
48 Brick Bonding

C\I T""
(J) (J)
en
.... en
....
::J ::J
0 0
0 0
c: c:
CO CO
a. c..

Cl
Z
o
III
I
en
:J
C}
z
w

N
N
 Questions 49

23 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2
plan course 2

plan course 1
plan course 1

24 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2
plan course 2

plan course 1
plan course 1
 50 Brick Bonding

C\I ..-
0 Q) Q)
z ....
rJ)
....:::J
rJ)

0 :::J
0 0
CD 0 0
I c: c:
<U <U
CI)
::J c.. c..
(!)
z
W

1.0
('of

C\I ..-
Q) Q)
0
Z ....
rJ)
....
rJ)

:::J
:::J
0 0 0
CD 0 0
I c: c:
<U <U
CI)
a. c..
~
W
...l
u..

.,..
('of
 Questions 51

27 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
52 Brick Bonding

28 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 53

Cl
Z
o
co
:c
en C\I
Q)
-.J Q)
(fJ
(!) ~ "-
Z :::J :::J
W oo o
o
c: c:
as as
C. a.

Cl
Z
0 C\I ,...
CO Q) Q)
:c (J)
~
en "-
::J
0
:::J
0
:::::i () ()
(!) c: c:
Z as as
w c. a.

0\
N
54 Brick Bonding

31 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 55

32 ENGLISH BOND

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

front elevation end elevation

plan course 2

plan course 1
56 Brick Bonding

33 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1

34 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 57

35 SINGLE FLEMISH

plan course 2

plan course 1
 58 Brick Bonding

36 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 59

37 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 60 Brick Bonding

38 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 61

39 ENGLISH BOND
(no special bricks available)

striking point • -
I

plan course 2

.- I

plan course 1
62 Brick Bonding

40 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 63

41 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 64 Brick Bonding

42 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1

43 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 65

ENGLISH BOND

44

plan course 2

plan course 1
 66 Brick Bonding

C\I 0r-

a> a>
.....
CI)
.....
CI)

::J ::J
0 0
0 0
c c
~
a.
~
a.
Cl
z
0
CD
I
en
~
w
-'
LL

1.0
~

C\I 0r-

a> a>
CI)
.....
CI)
.....
::J ::J
0 0
0 0
C C
~ ~
a. a.
Cl
Z
0
CD
I
en
::J
CJ
z
W

11\
~
 Questions 67

47
FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
68 Brick Bonding

48 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 69

49 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 70 Brick Bonding

50 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 71

51 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
72 Brick Bonding

52 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 73

0
z
0
III
I
en
=:i
(!)
z C\J ,...
W Q)
....
(/) Q)
....
(/)
::J
0 ::J
(.) 0
(.)
c c
ctl
'<:t ctl
0.
'" 0.

C\J ,...
Q) Q)
(/)
L.... ....
(/)

::J ::J
0 0
(.) (.)
C C
ctl ctl
0. 0.

o
z
oCO
I
en
=:i
(!)
z
M
w
'"
74 Brick Bonding

55 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 75

56 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
76 Brick Bonding

57 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 77

58 ENGLISH BOND

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
8
7
6
5
4 /
3 /
2
1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

front elevation end elevation

plan course 2

plan course 1
78 Brick Bonding

59 ENGLISH BOND
no special bricks available
striking point

plan course 2

striking point

plan course 1
 Questions 79

60 SINGLE FLEMISH

plan course 2

plan course 1
 80 Brick Bonding

(\J ~

Q)
....
Q)
....
(/) lj)
:J :J
0 0 0
u u
Z c
0 ctJ c
CD ctJ
I
0. a.
CI)
:2
w
-J
u..

(\J ~

Q) Q)
....
(/)

:J
....
(/)

:J
0 0 0
Z u u
0 c c
CD ctJ ctJ
0. 0.
I
CI)
-J
CJ
Z
W

,....
10
 Questions 81

62 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
82 Brick Bonding

63 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 2
 Questions 83

FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1

65 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
84 Brick Bonding

66 ENGLISH BOND

Clue - there are two

snapped headers in the
solution

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 85

67 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1

68 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
86 Brick Bonding

69 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 87

70 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
88 Brick Bonding

71 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 89

72 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 1

plan course 2
90 Brick Bonding

73 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 91

74 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
92 Brick Bonding

75 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 2
 Questions 93

N
Q) Q)
~ ~
:::J :::J
aC,) aC,)
c c
ca ca
a. 1i

""

N ..-
Q) Q)
....
(/)
:::J
....
(/)
:::J
aC,) a
C,)
c c
CI ca ca
Z 1i 1i
0
co
I
(f)
~
W
--l
U.

10
"
 94 Brick Bonding

..-
N (])
(])
CI)
en
'-
'- ::)
::) 0
0 0
0 0
c:
Z c: tU
0 tU a.
co a.
:r:
Cf)

~
W
0'1 ....J
..... LL

C\I
..-
(])
(]) CI)
en
'-
'-
::)
0 ::)
0
0
Z 0
0
0 c: c:
CO CO
tU
a. 0..
:r:
Cf)
~
CJ
z
00
..... w
 Questions 95

80 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
96 Brick Bonding

81

ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 97

82 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
98 Brick Bonding

83 striking point
r

FLEMISH BOND

no special bricks available

plan course 2

striking point
r

plan course 1
 Questions 99

o
z
o
CO
I
(J)
:J
C}
z
w
 100 Brick Bonding

85 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I
I
/ I
I
I
/ 1
1
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
1
End elevation
Front elevation

plan course 2

ENGLISH BOND

plan course 1
 Questions 101

86 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 102 Brick Bonding

87 FLEMISH BOND

plan top course

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I
I
/ I ~
/ I '\
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Front elevation End elevation

plan course 1
 Questions 103

88 ENGLISH BOND

4B
I~ ~I

plan course 1

plan course 2
104 Brick Bonding

89 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 105

90
ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
106 Brick Bonding

c
o
.~
>
Q)
Q)
""0
C
Q)

0
z
0
co
:c ,...
en c
0
:J Q)
(!J ~ ~
>

--
Z Q) ::::J
w Q)
0
u
c c
0L...
'"
0..

....
0'1 "~
 Questions 107

92 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
108 Brick Bonding

o
z
oCO
I
en
~
ill
-l
u..
 Questions 109

94 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
110 Brick Bonding

95 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 111

96 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
112 Brick Bonding

97 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 1

plan course 2
 Questions 113

98 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
114 Brick Bonding

0
Z
0
CO
I C\I ~

en <D <D
..J ....
(/)

::s
....
(/)
::s
CJ 0 0
Z (J (J
W c c
rn rn
"0.. "0..

o
z
o
CO
I
en
..J
CJ
Z
W

C\I T'""

<D <D
....
(/)
....
(/)

::s
::s
0 0
(J (J
c c
rn rn
0- a.

(j\
(j\
 Questions 115

o
z
oCD c
o
:p
I cu
C/) a>
~ CD
W "'0
....J c
(l)
LL

// -
/
~

- -
- ~

- >-

- -
- -
- -
ex> - - c
o
(l)
(/)
L..
- - ~
:J
I- >
8
~ (l)

c ~ ~
CD
cu -+-'
C
c.. ~ ~ o
L..

- I-
'+-

- ~
v
- - (l)

- -
~
:J
8
-

"" "
c
- cu
a.
-

....o
116 Brick Bonding

102 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 117

C\J T-

O> 0>
....
(J)
....
(J)

0 :::l :::l
Z 0 0
u u
0 c c
CD ~ ~
I a. a.
en
::J
(9
z
w

('f'\

....o
118 Brick Bonding

W
I-
:::J
t:
I-
00
Z
Z
0 0
Ceo 0
Zm Z
OT'"" 0
-I a:
W
(Q

u.m I
C/)
O~ --1
ooW (9
cfrl z
w
::!o
:::J
G
C
Z
«
>-
t:
u
 105 ENGLISH BOND

DECEMBER 1981 1 1 1 1
CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE IALfo I/~I IAIl.
.q. Lfo q.

front elevation end elevation

en
.:£
o
";::
.0
C\I

~
~
.....
~.

outline plan course 1 \D

120 Brick Bonding

~I

o
z
oCO
:::r:
en
~
w
...J
LL
 Questions 121

107 CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE

DECEMBER SERIES 1989

DUTCH BOND
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

~~
STOPPED TOOTHED
END END
~
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

FLEMISH GARDEN WALL BOND

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

00::>

STOPPED TOOTHED
END END
~
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I

ENGLISH CROSS BOND

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

<>
STOPPED TOOTHED
END END
~
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
 "-l
"-l

tl::l
~.
;>;r-
108 ENGLISH BOND
g
S:
~

CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE

MAV-IUNE SERIES 1984

/
/
I
I
front elevation end elevation

outline plan course 1

 Questions 123

109 ENGLISH BOND

CITY AND GUILDS OF

LONDON INSTITUTE
DECEMBER 1984

plan course 1

plan course 2
124 Brick Bonding

110 FLEMISH BOND

CITY AND GUILDS OF

LONDON INSTITUTE
DECEMBER SERIES 1985

outline plan course 1

outline plan course 2

 Questions 125

r
111 ENGLISH BOND

toothed end

outline plan course 1

CITY AND GUILDS OF

r
LONDON INSTITUTE
MAY-IUNE 1986

toothed end

outline plan course 2

126 Brick Bonding

112 FLEMISH BOND

striking
(no specials available)
point

CITY AND GUILDS OF

LONDON INSTITUTE
MAY - JUNE SERIES 1988

plan course 2

striking
point

plan course 1
 Questions 127

113 FLEMISH BOND

4B

plan course 1

CITY AND GUILDS OF

LONDON INSTITUTE
MAY-JUNE SERIES 1987

plan course 2
128 Brick Bonding

114 ENGLISH BOND

CITY AND GUILDS OF

LONDON INSTITUTE
DECEMBER SERIES 1987

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Questions 129

115 FLEMISH BOND

i I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I
1
I
-I
/ I
L I
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1
end elevation
front elevation

CITY AND GUILDS OF

LONDON INSTITUTE
DECEMBER SERIES 1988

plan course 2
130 Brick Bonding

116 ENGLISH BOND

CITY AND GUILDS OF

LONDON INSTITUTE
JUNE SERIES 1989

plan course 2

plan course 1
 3
ANSWERS
(Scale of drawings 1 :20)

1 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2 I-

-1...l

plan course 1

...l

2 ENGLISH BOND

f- I 1
f- I I 1
plan course 2

11 I'~
r.- /.
plan course 1

131
132 Brick Bonding

3
I 4
ENGUSHBOND FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2 plan course 2

1--.- 1-.--

plan course 1 plan course 1

r--f-
I

ENGLISH BOND

r-r-
~
BC

B
B
_1
plan course 2
J-l
I I
C
C

LL

plan course 1
I
 Answers 133

6 ENGLISH BOND

dj I: I: i"I: i:I: i:I: i1

plan course 2

f: ~: I: I' I:!:I:!:I\~ 1
I, : I, :

plan course 1

7 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

f: ~'/,,'I'I'"
,: :I,,,:,I, ,,,I,:"'~ 1 IT" I
plan course 1
Note: do not use reverse bond

8 FLEMISH BOND 9 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 2

plan course 1

plan course 1
134 Brick Bonding

10 ENGLISH BOND

[::: I: !:I:!: kt.I:! :I:: J

plan course 2

HfiJi:t;liJi:UJ plan course I

11 FLEMISH BOND

[~
! I I~: t t
! H"-'-'--'-'--"~
i:! : ~I!J
plan COurse 2

hJ:!: i: II; JI: i:!: liJ plan course I

NOle: do not use reverse bond

12 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

3/4
I--
SH
I--
3/4
plan course I
 Answers 135

13 ENGLISH BOND

I ...1

plan course 2

14 ENGLISH BOND

H %
pIan course 2

plan course 1
136 Brick Bonding

15 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

16 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

i J
"-

/
l
i plan course 1
L
 Answers 137

17 FLEMISH BOND

F: f'I,': : '1'1"
1, , , ' , , , i',
'1'1'"1 , 1'1'
, I, : , , ,
II: 'j,]
plan course 2

-=-~ '1'1 ' , , IT "

"II----l
,I -
'
dLj, I, ".' 1,.",1, ... :.2:3
ii ~.
plan course 1

Note: do not use reverse bond

18 FLEMISH BOND r-r-r-r. ENGLISH BOND 19

~ F:F:!:;:!:I:::I"'~::~j
"'"~, J
plan course 2

plan course 1
138 Brick Bonding

20 21

r
ENGLISH BOND FLEMISH BOND

1
plan course 2 plan course 2

r
j
plan course 1 plan course 1

22 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

'- t-t-

~ II~ l- I
plan course 1
j
 Answers 139

23 ENGLISH BOND

[OJ
plan course 2

gg
plan course 2

plan course 1
(or 6 3/.', in each course) plan course 1

24 FLEMISH BOND

~
plan course 2

tEJ
plan course 1
plan course 1

25 FLEMISH BOND ENGLISH BOND 26

plan course 2 plan course 2

c--
l-
f--

LL

plan course 1
LL
I
plan course 1
140 Brick Bonding

27 FLEMISH BOND ENGLISH BOND 28

I T '1
l( - I i

plan course 2 plan course 2

~
~
- f---
.\ 11
plan course 1

plan course 1

29 ENGLISH BOND
ENGLISH BOND 30
l-
T
I'
T

plan course 2
.\
plan course 2

-1
plan course 1
plan course 1
 A nswer.s 141

31 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1

32 ENGLISH BOND

front elevation end elevation

plan course 2

plan course 1
142 Brick Bonding

33 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

r
plan course 1

34 FLEMISH BOND

r
plan course 2
,

plan course 1

35 SINGLE FLEMISH

I I

plan course 2

f--

plan course 1
 Answers 143

36 FL::I~iSH SOND

p:an course 2

plan course 1

37 ENGLISH BOND

I
~ 1

plan course 2
\

\T
r--r--r-

plan course 1
 144 Brick Bonding

38 FLEMISH BOND ENGLISH BOND 39

(no special bricks available)

II J
I
striking point • -

I >-
[3
I J
I I
plan course 2

plan course 2

plan course 1

40 ENGLISH BOND
plan course 1

f- I
I--
I-- ENGLISH BOND 41

r-I--

plan course 2
~ Ii

plan course 2

plan course 1

plan course 1
 Answers 145

42 ~ FLEMISH BOND

~l :::I:I:::I:I:::II :lplan course 2

ENGLISH BOND 44

~:I:::I:I:::I:I:::l plan course 1

FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1

plan course 1

rr rr
45 ENG LlSH BOND FLEMISH BOND 46

1-.--

r.- / plan course 2

r.- rt~ plan course 2

r-r- I'
............
............

F F
plan course 1
plan course 1
146 Brick Bonding

47 FLEMISH BOND ENGLISH BOND 48

--.- 'f
plan course 2 -

plan course 2

r-
r-r-

plan course 1

~
plan course 1

49 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Answers 147

50 ENGLISH BOND

/-,I
I

plan course 2
~ l~

r 1
-, 1--

S.H

plan course 1

51 FLEMISH BOND ENGLISH BOND 52

r0-

t--

lL
rr
-, - -

plan course 2

plan course 2

I rr-
f--

f--

plan course 1

I
plan course 1
148 Brick Bonding

ENGLISH BOND 54
53 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

'---I-1.--L...1-.-L-'---I--I plan course 2

plan course 1
plan course 1

55 FLEMISH BOND ENGLISH BOND

56

r- r-
.............

!> !>

I
plan course 2 plan course 2

-.- r-
............

f---'E i.?

plan course 1 plan course 1

 Answers 149

57

plan course 2

plan course 1

58 ENGLISH BOND

8
7
6
5
4
3
2

'ront elevation end elevation

,.--

plan course 2

plan course 1
 150 Brick Bonding

59 ENGLISH DONO
no special bricks availablo

SINGLE FL:MISH
60

lI
I
r-r-

, 0 I 0 0

plnn course 2
plan course 2

slriking
poinl

I
, 0

L
, 0 , 0 1
plan course 1

61 ENGLISH BOND FLEMISH 30ND

[ ,I
I
to 0

I
~o I I 0 0 I
p:an course 2 I plc.:"\ co:...'!'se 2
0 0

1
0 0

J.

0 0 0

p:an COurse 1
0 0 p:an course 1
 Answers 151

62 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1

63 FLEMISH BOND
:-r-

-
-~

-l
plan course 2

plan course 1
152 Brick Bonding

64 FLEMISH BOND

I I T

I I
I I

I I plan course 2

~
1 I

r-- 'r-
I
r--
1 plan course 1
1 I
65 ENGLISH BOND

dj I: 1',1: i', I: I: 1:1: I: i: I: i plan course 2

1
I: ~: 1 : ,I : 1 ,.
Nolo: do nol use reverse bond
!: 1: 1: !: !: !:
plan course 1
1: 1: 1 ~~ I
ENGLISH BOND
66

Clue - there are two

snapped headers in the
rr solution

L.L

~L

plan course 2

I- ~

plan course 1
 Answers 153

67

plan course 2

plan course 1

68 ENGLISH BOND

~' \j

plan course 1

69 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
154 Brick Bonding

70 FLEMISH BOND
ENGLISH BOND 71

I-f--

r-
'f
r
plan course 2 plan course 2

LL

1
F.\ plan course 1
plan course 1 I--
~

72 ENGLISH BOND FLEMISH BOND 73

'1
/

r\
I--'--

I-- I--

plan course 2
/1

plan course 1

I
~ I f--

~ ,~
plan course 1

I
I
plan course 2
 Answers 155

FLEMISH BOND 75
74 FLEMISH BOND

LL.

plan course 2
I

plan course 2

00

f--

-
e--

plan course 1

plan course 1

II
76 FLEMISH BOND ENGLISH BOND 71

r-r:
-.......

plan course 2
:;:
.0: ~
plan course 2

1-1-
-

plan course 1

-.l-
I-J--
plan COurse 1
156 Brick Bonding

78 ENGLISH BOND FLEMISH BOND 79

plan course 2 plan course 2

plan course 1 plan course 1

80 FLEMISH BOND
81

'1'
I

I--

r- -

1
plan course 2 plan course 2

L.L-
I t--
I

plan course 1
plan course 1
 Answers 157

82 ENGLISH BOND

SH SH

plan course 2

~ 1
I"-
l I

p~an course 1

striking pOint
83
r

FLEMISH BOND

no special bricks available

plan course 2

striking point

(snapped headers must be

used for such a small radius)

plan course 1
158 Brick Bonding

84 ENGLISH BOND

85

End elevation
Front elevation

plan course 2
ENGLISH BOND

I--
r---
-
f--
i
plan course ,
 Answers 159

86 ENGLISH BONO
~ FLEMISH BONO 87

I II I I I I
~
/ plan top course

I
plan course 2 1\
1 \.
rr
I
I I
Front elevation End elevation

F\
~ I I
[ill!:i}§]
plan course 1

plan course 1

88 ENGLISH BONO ENGLISH BONO 89

three quarter bat 4B

alternative

... ~
i
I~
f--I-

I-
I...

plan course 1

plan course 2

...,

-<

plan course 2

plan course t
160 Brick Bonding
FLEMISH BOND 91
90 ENGLISH BOND

I
I I
I
- I I
I
I I
front elevation end elevation

plan course 2

I
[-:lI!J]
plan course 1

rr-
f-L-
-.-.--
-
c......L-.L-

plan course 1

92 ENGLISH BOND FLEMISH BOND 93

~ I -1
t J -1

plan course 2

plan course 1
 Answers 161

94 ENGLISH BOND ENGLISH BOND 95

~
l.----:
1
I--f-

~
plan course 2 plan course 2

II r-r-

,..,-

I
I plan course 1
\1
plan COurse 1

96 FLEMISH BOND FLEMISH BOND 97

I
I--

LL

plan course 2
plan course 1

1-'--

I---

plan course 1

plan course 2
162 Brick Bonding

98 FLEMISH BOND

rr
j-r

}
plan course 2

plan course 1

99 ENGLISH BOND ENGLISH BOND 100

plan course 2

plan course 2

rr-r I I

I--
1-1-

I
J I
plan course 1

plan course 1
I
 Answers 163

[II::} J
101
FLEMISH BOND
1 - - 1 1

plan course 8

front elevation end elevation

'\ 7

- - - -

/
plan course 4 "

102 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

plan course 1
164 Brick Bonding

103 ENGLISH BOND

---=
-----:
----
t:.---
~

plan course 2

.~ ~
'--

f
-'-

plan course 1
1

CITY AND GUILDS

104 ENGLISH BOND OF LONDON INSTITUTE
DECEMBER 1980
 Answers 165

105 ENGLISH BOND

I
II II
I
I I I I
I
I I I I
I
II II
front elevation end elevation

CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE

DECEMBER 1981
j
N

outline plan course 1

CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE

106 FLEMISH BOND
MAY-JUNE SERIES 1982

lL
rr -
-,-

107 CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE

DECEMBER SERIES 1989

DUTCH BOND ENGLISH CROSS BOND

FLEMISH GARDEN WALL BOND

 166 Brick Bonding

108 ENGLISH BOND ENGLISH BOND 109

I
I I
I
I I
I
I I
front elevation end elevation

~::: I: I:! :I:: j

outline plan cour$e 1
CITY AND GUILDS
OF LONDON
INSTITUTE
plan course 1

DECEMBER 1984
CITY AND GUILDS OF
LONDON INSTITUTE
MAY-JUNE SERIES 1984

110 FLEMISH BOND

plan course 2

ENGLISH BOND 111

r-r--
r--

CITY AND G UILDS

OF LONDON
INSTITUTE ouijine plan course 1

DECEMBER SERIES
1985
I
outline plan course 1

CITY AND GUILDS

OF LONDON
INSTITUTE
MAY-JUNE 1986

outline plan course 2

outline plan course 2

 Answers 167

112 FLEMISH BOND FLEMISH BOND 113

,- 4B
--I

plan course 1

plan course 2
CITY AND GUILDS
OF LONDON
INSTITUTE
MAY-JUNE SERIES
1988

plan course 2

CITY AND GUILDS

OF LONDON INSTITUTE
MAY-JUNE SERIES 1987

114 ENGLISH BOND

r-
CITY AND GUILDS OF

/
LONDON INSTITUTE
DECEMBER SERIES
1987 L
-

plan course 2

J- I
r I
plan course 1
168 Brick Bonding

115 FLEMISH BOND

Iron! elevation end elevation

CITY AND GUILDS OF

LONDON INSTITUTE
DECEMBER SERIES
plan course 2 1988

116 ENGLISH BOND

plan course 1
CITY AND GUILDS
OF LONDON INSTITUTE
JUNE SERIES 1989

plan course 2