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Pathway To Introductory Statistics 1st Edition Lehmann Solutions Manual 1
Pathway To Introductory Statistics 1st Edition Lehmann Solutions Manual 1
Chapter 5
Computing Probabilities
Homework 5.1 14. Since there is no slot numbered 37,
P ( 37 ) = 0.
2. The probability of an impossible event is 0.
2 1
4. We can interpret the area of a density 16. P ( green ) = =
histogram as the probability of randomly 38 19
selecting an observation that lies in the bar’s
class. 18. Since there is no slot numbered 999,
P ( 999 ) = 0.
6. a. A 4 occurred in the second roll, since the
relative frequency of the outcome 4 is 0.5 20. He would most likely lose money overall. The
for that roll and 0 for the first roll. probability of rolling 1 OR 2 is less than the
probability of rolling 3 OR 4 OR 5. (If the
b. After 5 rolls, the relative frequency of the
number 6 is rolled, the player neither wins nor
outcome 4 is 0.2. No, this is not a good
loses.)
estimate of the probability of rolling a 4;
the estimate 0.2 is not that close to the 22. Since the area of the region for 2 is one eighth
probability 0.167.
1
of the total, P ( 2 ) = .
c. After 10,005 rolls of the die, the relative 8
frequency of the outcome 4 is 0.1676. Yes,
this is a good estimate; the estimate 0.1676 24. Since the area of the region for 4 is one fourth
1
1
is very close to the probability 0.167. of the total, P ( 4 ) = .
6 4
3
8. P ( a cook ) =
3 1
= 26. P ( an even number ) = P ( 2 ) + P ( 4 ) =
12 4 8
32. The student has made a mistake. The sum of d. The student cannot draw such a conclusion
the probabilities of all grades should equal 1. because these data are based on a
convenience sample. The sample may not
34. The values –0.37 and 1.29 cannot be be representative of all statistics students in
probabilities because they are not between 0 the United States.
and 1, inclusive.
e. The percentage who worked 25 hours or
5 1 more per week is 14% + 12% = 26%.
36. P ( Thursday ) = =
30 6
56. a. The proportion of MLB stadiums with
22 11 average ticket prices between 0 and 30
38. P ( weekday ) = = dollars is 0.13 + 0.33 + 0.27 = 0.73.
30 15
b. The probability that a randomly selected
5 1
40. P ( in the fifth week ) = = MLB stadium has average ticket price
30 6 between $0 and $30 is
0.13 + 0.33 + 0.27 = 0.73.
42. a. P ( 3 times a week ) = 15.9% = 0.159
c. P ( at most $25 ) = 0.13 + 0.33 = 0.46
b. P ( At most twice a week ) = 0.174 + 0.282
+0.246 = 0.702 d. P ( at least $35) = 0.07 + 0.03 + 0.07 = 0.17
c. P ( More than twice a week ) = 0.159 e. P ( between $20 and $40 ) = 0.33 + 0.27
+0.065 + 0.074 = 0.298 +0.10 + 0.07 = 0.77
d. The student cannot draw such a 58. a. Since the mean minus 3 standard
conclusion. The data reflect the habits of deviations is 54.3 − 3(6) = 36, and the
adults who are at least 22 years of age; we mean plus 3 standard deviations is
cannot assume that they also reflect the 54.3 + 3(6) = 72, the probability that a
behavior of teenagers.
veteran selected at random is between 37
1 and 71 years old is approximately 99.7%
44. P ( X = 5 ) = of 1, or 0.997.
6
b. Since 48 is approximately one standard
3 1
46. P ( X 4 ) = = deviation below the mean and 60 is
6 2 approximately one standard deviation
above the mean, the probability is
4 2 approximately 68% of 1, or 0.68.
48. P ( X 5 ) = =
6 3
c. Since 42 is approximately two standard
deviations below the mean and 66 is
3 1
50. P ( 2 X 4 ) = = approximately two standard deviations
6 2 above the mean, the probability is
approximately 95% of 1, or 0.95.
2 1
52. P ( 2 X 5 ) = =
6 3 60. The probability that a randomly selected
Harvard Business School MBA student in the
54. a. P ( X 20 ) = 0.19 + 0.14 + 0.12 = 0.45 class of 2015 is a minority is 0.25.
66. The student cannot draw such a conclusion. As 16. P ( a stringed instrument player )
more and more blackjack games are played,
3 3 3
the proportion of wins would approach the true + P ( a backup singer ) = + =
probability of winning, but the proportion 8 8 4
from only 10 games is likely not a good
18 20 10
estimate. 18. P ( NOT black ) = 1 − = =
38 38 19
68. The student must have made a mistake
because a probability cannot be less than 0. 18 18 36 18
20. P ( red OR black ) = + = =
70. The researcher would need to determine the 38 38 38 19
number of 60-year-old Americans who
smoked last year and the number of those 22. Since this event contains the outcomes 2, 4,
3
smokers who died last year. The researcher and 6, P ( black AND at most 7 ) = .
would then need to divide the number of those 38
smokers who died by the number of 60-year-
old Americans who smoked last year. 24. This event contains the outcomes 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,
12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 30, 32, 34,
72. Answers may vary. 36 and also the outcomes 28, 29, 31, 33, and
18 5 23
74. a. Answers may vary. 35; P ( red OR at least 28 ) = + = .
38 38 38
b. Answers may vary.
26. Since there are 3 odd numbers as outcomes,
1
c. It would be close to the probability, . 3 3 1
6 P ( NOT odd ) = 1 − = = .
6 6 2
76. a. Answers may vary.
2 1
28. P ( odd AND at most 3) = P (1 OR 3) = =
b. Answers may vary. 6 3
c. P ( between 30 and 40 ) +
P ( between 60 and 70 ) = 0.10 + 0.10 = 0.20
But Benjamin Astley did not suffer death upon the gallows for a crime
of which he was wholly innocent.
Enough evidence had been found to substantiate the fact that he was
not identical with Bert Mason who had perished in Satan’s Hole.
So he was released from prison a happy man and restored to his
faithful friends and his happy bride.
All this was certainly due to the disinterested kindness of Frank
Reade, Jr., and Astley expressed his gratitude in warmest terms.
The story spread all over the country and Frank Reade, Jr., was
eulogized as the prince of benefactors and philanthropists.
The Steam Horse, however, was not destined to long remain idle.
Almost as soon as he returned to Readestown Frank became interested in
another thrilling case, the full details of which may be found in exciting
form in No. 10 of the F R L , entitled:
“FRANK READE, JR., WITH HIS NEW STEAM HORSE AND
THE MYSTERY OF THE UNDERGROUND RANCH.”
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