MODULE-11

Experiment 4

ASB2-01

BASIC SKILLS TASK LOG BOOK REFERENCE: 13.8

Ice and Rain Protection System

Name: Dina Batch No: Fall 2020

Staff No. Date:

INSTRUCTOR’S SIGNATURE:

(Note: Experiments are conducted in Emirates Engineering Training College)

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................. 2
Section I : Ice and Rain Protection System.................................................................2
Section II : Experiments..............................................................................................4
Objectives:............................................................................................................... 4
Setup/Pre-Inspection................................................................................................4
Fault #1.................................................................................................................... 5
Fault #2.................................................................................................................... 6
Fault #3.................................................................................................................... 7

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Introduction
Icing on aircraft is cause primarily by the presence in the atmosphere of super
cooled water droplets at a temperature below that at which water normally freezes.
In order to freeze water must lose heat to its surroundings, thus when it strikes, say,
an aircraft wing, an engine air intake or a propeller, there is metal to conduct away
the latent heat and water freezes instantly. The subsequent buildup of ice can
change the aerodynamic shape of the particular from causing such hazardous
situations as decreased of lift, changes of trim due to weight changes, loss of engine
power and damage to turbine engine blading. In addition, loss of forward vision can
occur due to ice forming on windshield panels, and on an excrescence such as
pressure head, obstruction of pressure holes will result in false reading of airspeed
and altitude. Therefore, for aircraft which are intended to fly in ice forming conditions,
protective systems must be incorporated to ensure their safely and that of their
occupants.

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Section I : Ice and Rain Protection System

This trainer consists of following systems:

1. Pitot Heat Systems
2. Propeller de-icing System
3. Pneumatic de-icing System
4. Windshield anti-icing System
5. Windshield wiper System
6. Windshield de-icing System

Explain the following areas within the control panel along with illustrations:

1. Pitot Heating System (De-icing System) [150 words minimum]

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A pitot tube is a tube mounted outside an aircraft that provides accurate readings on
the pilot's instruments. It is critical because it keeps pilots informed of the status of
their instruments. However, this tube can freeze, especially if water or ice forms on
the wings, interfering with its function. This is why the pitot tube has a heater. The
pilot can activate this heater to keep the tube hole open and functioning properly. If it
malfunctions or fails to function properly, the passengers on board may perish due to
incorrect readings. The pitot tube can be activated via a switch which is based upon
when you keep pressure on the switch, if the switch is released the heating element
within the pitot will deactivate in order to prevent damaging the pitot such as bending
it during work. Once the aircraft lands, the inspection of the pitot tube requires you to
be wary of high heat and should you have to check the temperature, place your hand
near to the pitot and feel the temperature or you can stroke the back of your hand on
the pitot tube.

2. Propeller De-icing System [150 words minimum]

Ice formation on a propeller blade results in a distorted blade airfoil section,
which reduces propeller efficiency. In general, ice collects asymmetrically on a
propeller blade, causing unbalance and destructive vibration, as well as
increasing the weight of the blades. Many propellers are controlled by an
electrically heated boot on each blade. The boot is securely fastened to the
spinner bulkhead and receives current from a slip ring and brush assembly.
The slip ring is responsible for transmitting current to the deice boot. The

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 spinning propeller's centrifugal force and the air blast break the ice particles
free from the heated blades. The boots are heated in a predetermined
sequence, which is controlled by a timer. 30 seconds for the right prop outer
elements, 30 seconds for the right prop inner elements, 30 seconds for the left
prop outer elements, and 30 seconds for the left prop inner elements. When
the automatic mode is activated, the system cycles indefinitely. The timer can
be manually overridden.

https://www.aircraftsystemstech.com/2017/05/propeller-deice-system.html
https://www.aircraftsystemstech.com/p/propeller-auxiliarysystems-ice-
control.html

3. Windshield Anti Icing and Deicing Systems [200 words minimum]

Windshield anti-icing systems are classified into two types. The first system
sends a stream of alcohol to the windshield. When used early enough, alcohol
prevents ice from forming on the windshield. According to the aircraft
manufacturer's recommendations, the rate of alcohol flow can be controlled by
a dial in the flight deck. This system should be used only in extremely wet
conditions. When applied to dry windows, the undiluted repellant reduces
visibility. If the system is accidentally activated, the windshield wipers should
not be used as this increases smearing. Unfortunately, this type of system has

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 been stopped due to its harmful effects to the environment, and the condition
needed which is that the windscreen has to be lubricated, otherwise the
alcohol will stick to the screen. Electric heating is another effective method of
preventing or getting rid of ice on the equipment. The windscreen is
embedded with small wires or other conductive material. A switch on the flight
deck can activate the heater, causing an electrical current to be passed
across the shield through the wires to provide enough heat to prevent the
formation of ice on the windscreen. The heated windscreen should be used
only while flying. It should not be left on during ground operations because it
can overheat and damage the windscreen. Caution: electrical current can
cause compass deviation errors of up to 40°.

https://www.flightliteracy.com/anti-ice-and-deice-systems/
https://skybrary.aero/articles/aircraft-rain-protection

4. Windshield Wiper System [200 words minimum]

Rain-removal systems are intended to provide the pilot with a clear view of the
airport while taxiing, as well as the approach and departure paths and runway
environment when taking off and landing in the rain. The systems are rarely
used in high-altitude flight. There are several methods for removing rain from
windshields. Although many aircraft lack a rain removal system, those that do
typically use one or a combination of the following systems:
 Chemical rain repellent
 Windshield wipers

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The most common rain protection feature is windshield wipers. The majority of
them use electrical motors, but some aircraft may have hydraulic wiper
motors. Typically, the windshield wipers for the pilot and copilot are controlled
by separate systems to ensure that clear vision is maintained through one of
the windows if one system fails. A wiper, a wiper arm, and a wiper
motor/converter are all part of a windshield wiper assembly. In many cases,
windshield wiper systems will have an airspeed limit that must not be
exceeded. This limitation is due to increased slipstream loading on the wiper
assembly at higher speeds, as well as the possibility of damage to it. A typical
windshield wiper system found on commercial aircraft. Wipers are generally
used during ground operations, takeoff, the final stages of the approach, and
landing. The geometry of the windshield limits the arc and sweep of the wiper
blade in many aircraft designs, resulting in only a small segment of the
windshield being cleared. The systems can also be quite noisy, which some
pilots find distracting. Because of this, many pilots will only use the wipers in
heavy rain.

https://skybrary.aero/articles/aircraft-rain-protection

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Page |8
Section II : Experiments

Objectives:
Comprehend the operation of the Ice and Rain Protection System by listing out the
procedures to follow during Setup/Pre-Inspection, Normal Operation and

Setup/Pre-Inspection

STEP #1: inspect trainer components for security

STEP #2: inspect all hardware for tightness
STEP #3: inspect electrical wiring for loose connections
STEP #4: make sure that the power cable is not cut ,worn or abraded
STEP #5: ___________________________________________________________
STEP #6: turn on AC master switch

Normal Operation Procedure for Pitot Heat System

STEP #1: Activate pitot heat switch on

*WARNING*
DO NOT TOUCH PITOT TUBE WHEN PITOT HEAT IS ON OR HAS BEEN ON
RECENTLY. TOUCHING PITOT TUBE MAY RESULT INTO SKIN BURNS
STEP #2: hold the backsides of your finger one inch from the tube to feel the
warmth
STEP #3: turn off the instrument using the AC master switch

Normal Operation Procedure for Propeller De-icing System

STEP #1: turn on propeller heat

STEP #2: the design for the light is at 4 cycles , inbound and outbound of left and
right . To switch it on you need to switch it on for 35 seconds, and for each cycle to
completely pass you will have to wait 35 seconds 4 times, for the cycle to be
complete
STEP #3: monitor the heat increase by touching the blanket for warmth, or by
looking at the ammeter

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STEP #4: turn off the instrument by its designated switch

Normal Operation Procedure for Pneumatic De-icing

STEP #1: turn on vacuum pump

STEP #2: turn on boot the inflation switch
STEP #3: look at the suction gauge making sure it should reach 5 or 5.5 inch
STEP #4: turn it off

Normal Operation Procedure for Windshield Wiper

STEP #1: turn on the switch

STEP #2: monitor the movement of the windshield wiper
STEP #3: switch it off

Fault #1

Describe the fault that has occurred.

Win shield wiper are not working

What are the symptoms which caused this fault?

The wipers on the windshield are not moving, there is an inoperative switch, or the
rotating mechanism is not working.

How would this fault affect a live aircraft?

It would provide a low visibility path and less resistance to rain.

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 Fault #2

Describe the fault that has occurred.?

De-icing boots that aren't working

In the cockpit, there are false indications.

The boots aren't inflated.

The suction gauge did not rise.

What are the symptoms which caused this fault?
The pump is not working.
The switch is not working.

How would this fault affect a live aircraft?

Accumulation of Ice
Disruption of the wing's aerodynamic shape, resulting in an increase in drag and a
decrease in lift.

Fault #3

Describe the fault that has occurred.

Inoperative propeller

No cycles are operationell because the cockpit indication is turned off.

What are the symptoms which caused this fault?

Wirings that aren't working
Inactive switch
Blanket that isn't working

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How would this fault affect a live aircraft?
Ice accumulation and damage

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